Institution
Michigan State University
Education•East Lansing, Michigan, United States•
About: Michigan State University is a education organization based out in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 60109 authors who have published 137074 publications receiving 5633022 citations. The organization is also known as: MSU & Michigan State.
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National Center for Atmospheric Research1, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory2, Oak Ridge National Laboratory3, Utrecht University4, Columbia University5, Chinese Academy of Sciences6, University of Houston7, California Institute of Technology8, University of California, Los Angeles9, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research10, Los Alamos National Laboratory11, Harvard University12, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences13, University of Arizona14, University of Colorado Boulder15, Purdue University16, Michigan State University17, Argonne National Laboratory18, University of Michigan19, Auburn University20, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory21, Goddard Space Flight Center22, University of California, Irvine23, Virginia Tech24, University of Sheffield25
TL;DR: The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems.
Abstract: The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems. In this paper, we introduce model developments included in CLM version 5 (CLM5), which is the default land component for CESM2. We assess an ensemble of simulations, including prescribed and prognostic vegetation state, multiple forcing data sets, and CLM4, CLM4.5, and CLM5, against a range of metrics including from the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMBv2) package. CLM5 includes new and updated processes and parameterizations: (1) dynamic land units, (2) updated parameterizations and structure for hydrology and snow (spatially explicit soil depth, dry surface layer, revised groundwater scheme, revised canopy interception and canopy snow processes, updated fresh snow density, simple firn model, and Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport), (3) plant hydraulics and hydraulic redistribution, (4) revised nitrogen cycling (flexible leaf stoichiometry, leaf N optimization for photosynthesis, and carbon costs for plant nitrogen uptake), (5) global crop model with six crop types and time‐evolving irrigated areas and fertilization rates, (6) updated urban building energy, (7) carbon isotopes, and (8) updated stomatal physiology. New optional features include demographically structured dynamic vegetation model (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator), ozone damage to plants, and fire trace gas emissions coupling to the atmosphere. Conclusive establishment of improvement or degradation of individual variables or metrics is challenged by forcing uncertainty, parametric uncertainty, and model structural complexity, but the multivariate metrics presented here suggest a general broad improvement from CLM4 to CLM5.
661 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of integration practices on time-based performance and on overall firm performance (financial and market share). Integration practices are grouped into two categories: (1) external strategic design integration, which reaches across firm boundaries to involve suppliers and customers and (2) internal design-process integration that comprises more tactically oriented, integration practices that match design requirements and process capabilities.
661 citations
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TL;DR: The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II), previously described by Maidak et al., continued during the past year to add new rRNA sequences to the aligned data and to improve the analysis commands.
Abstract: The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II), previously described by Maidak et al., continued during the past year to add new rRNA sequences to the aligned data and to improve the analysis commands. Release 7.1 (September 17, 1999) included more than 10 700 small subunit rRNA sequences. More than 850 type strain sequences were identified and added to the prokaryotic alignment, bringing the total number of type sequences to 3324 representing 2460 different species. Availability of an RDP-II mirror site in Japan is also near completion. RDP-II provides aligned and annotated rRNA sequences, derived phylogenetic trees and taxonomic hierarchies, and analysis services through its WWW server (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/ ). Analysis services include rRNA probe checking, approximate phylogenetic placement of user sequences, screening user sequences for possible chimeric rRNA sequences, automated alignment, production of similarity matrices and services to plan and analyze terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) experiments.
661 citations
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TL;DR: In photosynthetic membranes isolated from pea leaves, the redox state of the plastoquinone pool controls both the level of phosphorylation of the chloroplast light-harvesting pigment–protein complex (LHC) and distribution of absorbed excitation energy between the two photosystems.
Abstract: In photosynthetic membranes isolated from pea leaves, the redox state of the plastoquinone pool controls both the level of phosphorylation of the chloroplast light-harvesting pigment–protein complex (LHC) and distribution of absorbed excitation energy between the two photosystems. Phosphorylation of LHC polypeptides is proposed as the regulatory mechanism by which photosynthetic systems adapt to changing wavelengths of light.
660 citations
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TL;DR: For example, Hamilton et al. as mentioned in this paper found that individuals who had been induced to feel happy rendered more stereotypic judgments than did those in a neutral mood, except under conditions in which they had been told that they would be held accountable for their judgments.
Abstract: Four experiments examined the effects of happiness on the tendency to use stereotypes in social judgment. In each experiment, individuals who had been induced to feel happy rendered more stereotypic judgments than did those in a neutral mood. Experiment 1 demonstrated this phenomenon with a mood induction procedure that involved recalling life experiences. Experiments 2 and 3 suggested that the greater reliance on stereotypes evident in the judgments of happy individuals was not attributable to cognitive capacity deficits created by intrusive happy thoughts or by cognitively disruptive excitement or energetic arousal that may accompany the experience of happiness. In Experiment 4, happy individuals again were found to render more stereotypic judgments, except under conditions in which they had been told that they would be held accountable for their judgments. These results suggest that although happy people's tendency to engage in stereotypic thinking may be pervasive, they are quite capable of avoiding the influence of stereotypes in their judgments when situational factors provide a motivational impetus for such effort. Discovering the conditions under which group stereotypes are likely to be applied in forming impressions of and making judgments about individuals has been an issue of perennial interest in social psychology. Factors such as information overload (Pratto & Bargh, 1991; Stangor & Duan, 1991) and task difficulty (Bodenhausen & Lichtenstein, 1987), for example, have been shown to increase the social perceiver's reliance on stereotypic preconceptions (for a review, see Hamilton & Sherman, in press). In the present research, we investigated the role of emotion, specifically happiness, in the application of stereotypes during social information processing. Does being happy have any impact on the likelihood of stereotyping others? If so, what is the mechanism involved? It was these questions that we sought to address. Interest in the relationship between emotion and stereotyping is certainly not new. However, previous attempts to understand the role of affective experience in prejudice and stereotyping have focused almost exclusively on the impact of negative emotions. Conventional wisdom indicates that it is during times of stress, anxiety, or hostility that prejudice and stereotypes are most likely to emerge and exert their influence on social perception. Psychological research lends credence to the idea that anger, conflict, frustration, and anxiety are indeed associated with
660 citations
Authors
Showing all 60636 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
D. M. Strom | 176 | 3167 | 194314 |
Feng Zhang | 172 | 1278 | 181865 |
Derek R. Lovley | 168 | 582 | 95315 |
Donald G. Truhlar | 165 | 1518 | 157965 |
Donald E. Ingber | 164 | 610 | 100682 |
J. E. Brau | 162 | 1949 | 157675 |
Murray F. Brennan | 161 | 925 | 97087 |
Peter B. Reich | 159 | 790 | 110377 |
Wei Li | 158 | 1855 | 124748 |
Timothy C. Beers | 156 | 934 | 102581 |
Claude Bouchard | 153 | 1076 | 115307 |
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis | 152 | 1854 | 113022 |
James J. Collins | 151 | 669 | 89476 |