Institution
Michigan Technological University
Education•Houghton, Michigan, United States•
About: Michigan Technological University is a education organization based out in Houghton, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Volcano. The organization has 8023 authors who have published 17422 publications receiving 481780 citations. The organization is also known as: MTU & Michigan Tech.
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TL;DR: A simulation of annual fluctuations in effective population size for wolves on Isle Royale suggests that their genetic heterozygosity has declined, and inbreeding depression and stochastic demographic variation both remain possible explanations for recent low recruitment.
Abstract: Population regulation for gray wolves in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, was examined in 1987–1995 when wolves were in chronic decline following a crash of the population in 1981–1982. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) was probably influential during the crash, but it disappeared by the late 1980s. High mortality abruptly ceased after 1988, but low recruitment in the absence of disease and obvious shortage of food prevented recovery of the wolf population. In 1983–1995, with a comparable number of moose ≥10 years old as potential prey, wolves were only half as numerous as in 1959–1980. A simulation of annual fluctuations in effective population size ( N e ) for wolves on Isle Royale suggests that their genetic heterozygosity has declined ca. 13% with each generation and ca. 80% in the 50-year history of this population. Inbreeding depression and stochastic demographic variation both remain possible explanations for recent low recruitment.
160 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a combined fit of a simple astrophysical model of UHECR sources to both the energy spectrum and mass composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Abstract: We present a combined fit of a simple astrophysical model of UHECR sources to both the energy spectrum and mass composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The fit has been performed for energies above $5 \cdot 10^{18}$ eV, i.e.~the region of the all-particle spectrum above the so-called "ankle" feature. The astrophysical model we adopted consists of identical sources uniformly distributed in a comoving volume, where nuclei are accelerated through a rigidity-dependent mechanism. The fit results suggest sources characterized by relatively low maximum injection energies, hard spectra and heavy chemical composition. We also show that uncertainties about physical quantities relevant to UHECR propagation and shower development have a non-negligible impact on the fit results.
159 citations
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University of Mississippi1, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis2, Northern Arizona University3, Algoma University4, DePaul University5, Michigan Technological University6, University of Kansas7, Montana State University8, University of Oregon9, University of South Florida10, New Mexico State University11, University of Alberta12
TL;DR: The potential to detect local adaptation for mycorrhizal relationships across a broad swath of the literature is underscored, suggesting that local adaptation represents a powerful factor for the establishment of novel combinations of fungi, plants, and soils.
Abstract: Local adaptation, the differential success of genotypes in their native versus foreign environment, arises from various evolutionary processes, but the importance of concurrent abiotic and biotic factors as drivers of local adaptation has only recently been investigated. Local adaptation to biotic interactions may be particularly important for plants, as they associate with microbial symbionts that can significantly affect their fitness and may enable rapid evolution. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is ideal for investigations of local adaptation because it is globally widespread among most plant taxa and can significantly affect plant growth and fitness. Using meta-analysis on 1170 studies (from 139 papers), we investigated the potential for local adaptation to shape plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation. The magnitude and direction for mean effect size of mycorrhizal inoculation on host biomass depended on the geographic origin of the soil and symbiotic partners. Sympatric combinations of plants, AM fungi, and soil yielded large increases in host biomass compared to when all three components were allopatric. The origin of either the fungi or the plant relative to the soil was important for explaining the effect of AM inoculation on plant biomass. If plant and soil were sympatric but allopatric to the fungus, the positive effect of AM inoculation was much greater than when all three components were allopatric, suggesting potential local adaptation of the plant to the soil; however, if fungus and soil were sympatric (but allopatric to the plant) the effect of AM inoculation was indistinct from that of any allopatric combinations, indicating maladaptation of the fungus to the soil. This study underscores the potential to detect local adaptation for mycorrhizal relationships across a broad swath of the literature. Geographic origin of plants relative to the origin of AM fungal communities and soil is important for describing the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant biomass, suggesting that local adaptation represents a powerful factor for the establishment of novel combinations of fungi, plants, and soils. These results highlight the need for subsequent investigations of local adaptation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis and emphasize the importance of routinely considering the origin of plant, soil, and fungal components.
159 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an orientation relationship between the monoclinic layered LiMnO{sub 2} and tetragonal lithiated-spinel Li{sub 1+z}Mn O[Mn 1+1+z]O{minus}z} O{sub 4} spinel domains (0 < z < 0.33) was obtained from single-crystal electron diffraction data.
Abstract: Electrode materials of the formula LiMnO{sub 2} were prepared by an ion-exchange process from {alpha}-NaMnO{sub 2} and were examined by X-ray diffraction and convergent-beam electron diffraction to determine crystal structure and phase purity. Electron diffraction data showed that a typical parent LiMnO{sub 2} sample consisted predominantly of layered LiMnO{sub 2} (C2/m) with lithiated-spinel Li{sub 2}[Mn{sub 2}]O{sub 4} (F4{sub 1}/ddm) present in minor concentration; orthorhombic LiMnO{sub 2} (Pmmm) was detected in trace quantity. An orientation relationship between the monoclinic layered LiMnO{sub 2} and tetragonal lithiated-spinel Li{sub 2}[Mn{sub 2}]O{sub 4} was obtained from an analysis of single-crystal electron diffraction data. Electron diffraction analyses of three electrochemically cycled Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} (0 < x < 1) samples showed that the parent compound was unstable to repeated lithium intercalation/deintercalation and transformed to a spinel-type structure, consistent with previous reports. These Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} electrodes, like those derived from orthorhombic-LiMnO{sub 2}, show greater stability compared to standard Li{sub y}[Mn{sub 2}]O{sub 4} spinel electrodes, when cycled between 4.6 and 2.0 V. The unexpected stability of the Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} electrodes (0.5 {le} x < 1.0) at 3 V is attributed to the presence of Li{sub 1+z}Mn{sub 2{minus}z}O{sub 4} spinel domains (0 < z < 0.33) inmore » a composite electrode structure.« less
159 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the first step toward the construction of a gene-based linkage map of oak for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is described, as well as a fast and cost-effective approach (bin mapping) to assign these markers to an approximate map position.
Abstract: Background: Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are a source of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that can be used to develop molecular markers for genetic studies. The availability of ESTs for Quercus robur and Quercus petraea provided a unique opportunity to develop microsatellite markers to accelerate research aimed at studying adaptation of these long-lived species to their environment. As a first step toward the construction of a SSR-based linkage map of oak for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, we describe the mining and survey of EST-SSRs as well as a fast and cost-effective approach (bin mapping) to assign these markers to an approximate map position. We also compared the level of polymorphism between genomic and EST-derived SSRs and address the transferability of EST-SSRs in Castanea sativa (chestnut). Results: A catalogue of 103,000 Sanger ESTs was assembled into 28,024 unigenes from which 18.6% presented one or more SSR motifs. More than 42% of these SSRs corresponded to trinucleotides. Primer pairs were designed for 748 putative unigenes. Overall 37.7% (283) were found to amplify a single polymorphic locus in a reference fullsib pedigree of Quercus robur. The usefulness of these loci for establishing a genetic map was assessed using a bin mapping approach. Bin maps were constructed for the male and female parental tree for which framework linkage maps based on AFLP markers were available. The bin set consisting of 14 highly informative offspring selected based on the number and position of crossover sites. The female and male maps comprised 44 and 37 bins, with an average bin length of 16.5 cM and 20.99 cM, respectively. A total of 256 EST-SSRs were assigned to bins and their map position was further validated by linkage mapping. EST-SSRs were found to be less polymorphic than genomic SSRs, but their transferability rate to chestnut, a phylogenetically related species to oak, was higher. Conclusion: We have generated a bin map for oak comprising 256 EST-SSRs. This resource constitutes a first step toward the establishment of a gene-based map for this genus that will facilitate the dissection of QTLs affecting complex traits of ecological importance.
159 citations
Authors
Showing all 8104 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Marc W. Kirschner | 162 | 457 | 102145 |
Yonggang Huang | 136 | 797 | 69290 |
Hong Wang | 110 | 1633 | 51811 |
Fei Wang | 107 | 1824 | 53587 |
Emanuele Bonamente | 105 | 219 | 40826 |
Haoshen Zhou | 104 | 519 | 37609 |
Nicholas J. Turro | 104 | 1131 | 53827 |
Yang Shao-Horn | 102 | 458 | 49463 |
Richard P. Novick | 99 | 295 | 34542 |
Markus J. Buehler | 95 | 609 | 33054 |
Martin L. Yarmush | 91 | 702 | 34591 |
Alan Robock | 90 | 346 | 27022 |
Patrick M. Schlievert | 90 | 444 | 32037 |
Lonnie O. Ingram | 88 | 316 | 22217 |