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Institution

Michigan Technological University

EducationHoughton, Michigan, United States
About: Michigan Technological University is a education organization based out in Houghton, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Volcano. The organization has 8023 authors who have published 17422 publications receiving 481780 citations. The organization is also known as: MTU & Michigan Tech.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, both wood flour and cotton cellulose powder were treated with acrylic acid-functionalized polyethylene and maleic anhydride-functionalised polyethylen (maleated polyethylenes) for surface modifications, and chemical changes resulting from these treatments were followed by a study of the Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra.
Abstract: The interfacial adhesion between a wood fiber and a plastic matrix strongly influences the performance of wood-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Fiber surface modification with coupling agents is generally needed to induce bond formation between the fiber and polymer matrix. This study investigated the chemical reactions between cellulosic materials and functionalized polyethylene coupling agents. Both wood flour and cotton cellulose powder were treated with acrylic acid-functionalized polyethylene and maleic anhydride-functionalized polyethylene (maleated polyethylene) for surface modifications, and chemical changes resulting from these treatments were followed by a study of the Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. Variations in the band intensities, oxygen-to-carbon ratios, and concentrations of unoxidized carbon atoms were related to changes that occurred on the surfaces of modified cellulosic materials. The experimental results indicated that chemical bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the cellulosic materials and the functional groups of the coupling agents occurred through esterification reactions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 278–286, 2003

137 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the hazards and risks of hydrogen, compared to the traditional fuel sources of gasoline and natural gas (methane), was performed based on the physical properties of these fuels, and not on any process used to store and extract the energy.
Abstract: An analysis was completed of the hazards and risks of hydrogen, compared to the traditional fuel sources of gasoline and natural gas (methane). The study was based entirely on the physical properties of these fuels, and not on any process used to store and extract the energy. The study was motivated by the increased interest in hydrogen as a fuel source for automobiles. The results show that, for flammability hazards, hydrogen has an increased flammability range, a lower ignition energy and a higher deflagration index. For both gasoline and natural gas (methane) the heat of combustion is higher (on a mole basis). Thus, hydrogen has a somewhat higher flammability hazard. The risk is based on probability and consequence. The probability of a fire or explosion is based on the flammability range, the auto-ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy. In this case, hydrogen has a larger flammability zone and a lower minimum ignition energy—thus the probability of a fire or explosion is higher. The consequence of a fire or explosion is based on the heat of combustion, the maximum pressure during combustion, and the deflagration index. Hydrogen has an increased consequence due to the large value of the deflagration index while gasoline and natural gas (methane) have a higher heat of combustion. Thus, based on physical properties alone, hydrogen poses an increase risk, primarily due to the increased probability of ignition. This study was unable to assess the effects of the increased buoyancy of hydrogen—which might change the probability depending on the actual physical situation. A complete hazard and risk analysis must be completed once the actual equipment for hydrogen storage and energy extraction is specified. This paper discusses the required procedure.

137 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 Aug 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the widely used acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation technologies in terms of their general working principles, advantages, and shortcomings is presented, which can be divided into two major categories, namely prevention and remediation.
Abstract: The formation of acid mine drainage (AMD), a highly acidic and metal-rich solution, is the biggest environmental concern associated with coal and mineral mining. Once produced, AMD can severely impact the surrounding ecosystem due to its acidity, metal toxicity, sedimentation and other deleterious properties. Hence, implementations of effective post-mining management practices are necessary to control AMD pollution. Due to the existence of a number of federal and state regulations, it is necessary for private and government agencies to come up with various AMD treatment and/or control technologies. This review describes some of the widely used AMD remediation technologies in terms of their general working principles, advantages and shortcomings. AMD treatment technologies can be divided into two major categories, namely prevention and remediation. Prevention techniques mainly focus on inhibiting AMD formation reactions by controlling the source. Remediation techniques focus on the treatment of already produced AMD before their discharge into water bodies. Remediation technologies can be further divided into two broad categories: active and passive. Due to high cost and intensive labor requirements for maintenance of active treatment technologies, passive treatments are widely used all over the world. Besides the conventional passive treatment technologies such as constructed wetlands, anaerobic sulfate-reducing bioreactors, anoxic limestone drains, open limestone channels, limestone leach beds and slag leach beds, this paper also describes emerging passive treatment technologies such as phytoremediation. More intensive research is needed to develop an efficient and cost-effective AMD treatment technology, which can sustain persistent and long-term AMD load.

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A statistical learning methodology is used to quantify the gap between Mr and Me in a closed form via data fitting, which offers useful design guideline for compressive samplers and develops a two-step compressive spectrum sensing algorithm for wideband cognitive radios as an illustrative application.
Abstract: Compressive sampling techniques can effectively reduce the acquisition costs of high-dimensional signals by utilizing the fact that typical signals of interest are often sparse in a certain domain. For compressive samplers, the number of samples Mr needed to reconstruct a sparse signal is determined by the actual sparsity order Snz of the signal, which can be much smaller than the signal dimension N. However, Snz is often unknown or dynamically varying in practice, and the practical sampling rate has to be chosen conservatively according to an upper bound Smax of the actual sparsity order in lieu of Snz, which can be unnecessarily high. To circumvent such wastage of the sampling resources, this paper introduces the concept of sparsity order estimation, which aims to accurately acquire Snz prior to sparse signal recovery, by using a very small number of samples Me less than Mr. A statistical learning methodology is used to quantify the gap between Mr and Me in a closed form via data fitting, which offers useful design guideline for compressive samplers. It is shown that Me ≥ 1.2Snz log(N/Snz + 2) + 3 for a broad range of sampling matrices. Capitalizing on this gap, this paper also develops a two-step compressive spectrum sensing algorithm for wideband cognitive radios as an illustrative application. The first step quickly estimates the actual sparsity order of the wide spectrum of interest using a small number of samples, and the second step adjusts the total number of collected samples according to the estimated signal sparsity order. By doing so, the overall sampling cost can be minimized adaptively, without degrading the sensing performance.

136 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulations under different scenarios demonstrate that this technique for implementing a quadratic inequality constraint with recursive least squares (RLS) updating has better interference suppression than both the RLS beamformer with no quadRatic constraint and the R LS beamformer using the scaled projection technique, as well as faster convergence than LMS beamformers.
Abstract: Quadratic constraints on the weight vector of an adaptive linearly constrained minimum power (LCMP) beamformer can improve robustness to pointing errors and to random perturbations in sensor parameters. We propose a technique for implementing a quadratic inequality constraint with recursive least squares (RLS) updating. A variable diagonal loading term is added at each step, where the amount of loading has a closed-form solution. Simulations under different scenarios demonstrate that this algorithm has better interference suppression than both the RLS beamformer with no quadratic constraint and the RLS beamformer using the scaled projection technique, as well as faster convergence than LMS beamformers.

135 citations


Authors

Showing all 8104 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Anil K. Jain1831016192151
Marc W. Kirschner162457102145
Yonggang Huang13679769290
Hong Wang110163351811
Fei Wang107182453587
Emanuele Bonamente10521940826
Haoshen Zhou10451937609
Nicholas J. Turro104113153827
Yang Shao-Horn10245849463
Richard P. Novick9929534542
Markus J. Buehler9560933054
Martin L. Yarmush9170234591
Alan Robock9034627022
Patrick M. Schlievert9044432037
Lonnie O. Ingram8831622217
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202349
2022154
2021882
2020891
2019892
2018893