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Institution

Michigan Technological University

EducationHoughton, Michigan, United States
About: Michigan Technological University is a education organization based out in Houghton, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Volcano. The organization has 8023 authors who have published 17422 publications receiving 481780 citations. The organization is also known as: MTU & Michigan Tech.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new method that calculates ice thickness via an estimate of ice flux, which decreases the computational time required compared to a solution on the whole grid, and test the method on Columbia Glacier, a large tidewater glacier in Alaska, USA, and compare calculated and measured ice thicknesses.
Abstract: Information about glacier volume and ice thickness distribution is essential for many glaciological applications, but direct measurements of ice thickness can be difficult and costly. We present a new method that calculates ice thickness via an estimate of ice flux. We solve the familiar continuity equation between adjacent flowlines, which decreases the computational time required compared to a solution on the whole grid. We test the method on Columbia Glacier, a large tidewater glacier in Alaska, USA, and compare calculated and measured ice thicknesses, with favorable results. This shows the potential of this method for estimating ice thickness distribution of glaciers for which only surface data are available. We find that both the mean thickness and volume of Columbia Glacier were approximately halved over the period 1957-2007, from 281m to 143m, and from 294km 3 to 134km 3 , respectively. Using bedrock slope and considering how waves of thickness change propagate through the glacier, we conduct a brief analysis of the instability of Columbia Glacier, which leads us to conclude that the rapid portion of the retreat may be nearing an end.

116 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2008
TL;DR: A whole-system live migration scheme, which transfers the whole system run-time state, including CPU state, memory data, and local disk storage, of the virtual machine (VM), and an incremental migration (IM) algorithm to facilitate the migration back to initial source machine is described.
Abstract: In this paper, we describe a whole-system live migration scheme, which transfers the whole system run-time state, including CPU state, memory data, and local disk storage, of the virtual machine (VM). To minimize the downtime caused by migrating large disk storage data and keep data integrity and consistency, we propose a three-phase migration (TPM) algorithm. To facilitate the migration back to initial source machine, we use an incremental migration (IM) algorithm to reduce the amount of the data to be migrated. Block-bitmap is used to track all the write accesses to the local disk storage during the migration. Synchronization of the local disk storage in the migration is performed according to the block-bitmap. Experiments show that our algorithms work well even when I/O-intensive workloads are running in the migrated VM. The downtime of the migration is around 100 milliseconds, close to shared-storage migration. Total migration time is greatly reduced using IM. The block-bitmap based synchronization mechanism is simple and effective. Performance overhead of recording all the writes on migrated VM is very low.

116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties are described.
Abstract: The NOAA Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on February 11, 2015, and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point or L1, 1.5 million km from Earth towards the Sun. There are two NASA Earth observing instruments onboard: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the DSCOVR/EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5° and 175.5°) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764 and 779 nm. We discuss a number of pre-processingsteps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts/second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone O3amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, UV aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide SO2 for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties.

116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the structure and behaviour of forest gap models, and assess the reliability of model projections obtained under scenarios of climate change, and for the development of models with a wide range of applicability.
Abstract: Forest gap models share a common structure for simulating tree population dynamics, and many models contain the same or quite similar ecological factors. However, a wide variety of formulations are being used to implement this general structure. The comparison of models incorporating different formulations is important for model validation, for assessing the reliability of model projections obtained under scenarios of climatic change, and for the development of models with a wide range of applicability. This paper reviews qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the structure and behaviour of forest gap models.

116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Dec 2004
TL;DR: Re-analysis of the published experimental data presented in this paper indicates that these models are regularly misused, and simple correlations are proposed that could guide in selection and preparation of AFM probes and substrates for gamma determination and selection of loading conditions during the pull-off force measurements.
Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is capable of solid surface characterization at the microscopic and submicroscopic scales. It can also be used for the determination of surface tension of solids (γ ) from pull-off force (F ) measurements, followed by analysis of the measured F values using contact mechanics theoretical models. Although a majority of the literature γ results was obtained using either Johnson– Kendall–Roberts (JKR) or Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) models, re-analysis of the published experimental data presented in this paper indicates that these models are regularly misused. Additional complication in determination of γ values using the AFM technique is that the measured pull-off forces have poor reproducibility. Reproducible and meaningful F values can be obtained with strict control over AFM experimental conditions during the pull-off force measurements (low humidity level, controlled and known loads) for high quality substrates and probes (surfaces should be free of heterogeneity, roughness, and contamination). Any probe or substrate imperfections complicate the interpretation of experimental results and often reduce the quality of the generated data. In this review, surface imperfection in terms of roughness and heterogeneity that influence the pull-off force are analyzed based upon the contact mechanics models. Simple correlations are proposed that could guide in selection and preparation of AFM probes and substrates for γ determination and selection of loading conditions during the pull-off force measurements. Finally, the possibility of AFM measurements of solid surface tension using materials with rough surfaces is discussed.

116 citations


Authors

Showing all 8104 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Anil K. Jain1831016192151
Marc W. Kirschner162457102145
Yonggang Huang13679769290
Hong Wang110163351811
Fei Wang107182453587
Emanuele Bonamente10521940826
Haoshen Zhou10451937609
Nicholas J. Turro104113153827
Yang Shao-Horn10245849463
Richard P. Novick9929534542
Markus J. Buehler9560933054
Martin L. Yarmush9170234591
Alan Robock9034627022
Patrick M. Schlievert9044432037
Lonnie O. Ingram8831622217
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202349
2022154
2021882
2020891
2019892
2018893