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Showing papers by "Military Academy published in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For solving multiple criteria's decision making in a fuzzy environment, a new algorithm for evaluating naval tactical missile systems by the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process based on grade value of membership function is proposed.

466 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By using a shorting pin and meandering the circular patch, a compact circular microstrip antenna with a patch size of less than 10% of the conventional circular patch antenna can be easily obtained as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: By using a shorting pin and meandering the circular patch, a compact circular microstrip antenna with a patch size of less than 10% of the conventional circular patch antenna can be easily obtained. The design of such compact circular microstrip antennas is described, and experimental results are presented and discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 15: 147–49, 1997.

106 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Joseph Soeters1
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of the student populations of military academies is presented, and it is shown that the military culture in general is institutional and bureaucratic compared to the civilian sector.
Abstract: Internationalization is becoming a pervasive feature of military life. Therefore, empirical information on national cultural differences in the military sector is becoming increasingly relevant. One way to collect empirical data on this subject is to study value orientations of student officers in military academies. A comparative study based on this idea is reported in this article. The results indicate that national differences between the student populations of military academies are as large as in the civilian sector. At the same time it emerges that one international military culture exists. Compared to the civilian sector, this international military culture in general is institutional and bureaucratic. However, in some nations the military culture, as measured in academies, is far more bureaucratic and institutional than in others. The article ends with a discussion of managerial implications and suggestions for further research.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-frequency operation of the circular microstrip antenna is demonstrated, which can result in a much reduced antenna size and provide a tunable frequency ratio of ~2.55 − 3.83 for the two operating frequencies.
Abstract: By using a single shorting pin and a single probe feed, the dual-frequency operation of the circular microstrip antenna is demonstrated. This dual-frequency design can result in a much reduced antenna size and provide a tunable frequency ratio of ~2.55 – 3.83 for the two operating frequencies. Typical experimental results are presented.

66 citations


Book
30 Jun 1997
TL;DR: This chapter describes the design principles and mathematical modelling of UWB radar meters, and describes the scattering patterns of Ultrawideband radar target responses.
Abstract: * Chapter 1: Ultrawideband signals: definition, modelling and measurement * Chapter 2: Analytical description of target scattering * Chapter 3: Ultrawideband radar target responses * Chapter 4: Design principles and mathematical modelling of UWB radar meters * Chapter 5: UWB signal processing

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several new compounds showed a modest two-fold selectivity for the membrane-bound (bovine) isozyme, CA IV (bCA IV) as compared to the cytosolic human isozymes hCA I and II, in contrast to classical inhibitors which are 17–33 times less effective against bCA IV.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The new dressing, containing either amikacin or gentamycin, reduced the number of living bacterial cells in the infected tissue almost to zero during the course of observation and may be effective in the treatment of infected wounds in patients.
Abstract: A new antibacterial dressing for infected wounds was prepared. The dressing was composed of a collagen membrane and collagen sponge; both biomaterials possess good tissue biocompatibility. An active antibacterial layer of limited hydrophobicity was placed between the membrane and the sponge and into the upper part of the sponge. The dressing contained gentamycin or amikacin at concentrations of 0.3 μg/cm2 (loading level of the drug utilized during preparation of the dressing). Either the antibiotic or its concentration easily can be changed in the dressing by the manufacturer. The dressing was stable for several months. The antibiotic was released slowly from the dressing in in vitro experiments for 3 days. Antibacterial activity of the dressing was tested using a mouse wound model experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both dressings, containing either amikacin or gentamycin, reduced the number of living bacterial cells in the infected tissue almost to zero during the course of observation. The new dressing may be effective in the treatment of infected wounds in patients. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Ferko A1, Krajina A, Bohumil Jon, Lesko M, Voboril Z 
TL;DR: In this article, a patient with asymptomatic juxtarenal aortic aneurysm associated with a horseshoe kidney was successfully treated by stent graft placement.
Abstract: Horseshoe kidney complicates aortic aneurysm surgery in 1 of 200 cases. A patient with asymptomatic juxtarenal aortic aneurysm associated with a horseshoe kidney was successfully treated by stent graft placement. The kidney was supplied by 4 renal arteries. The proximal uncovered part of the stent graft was anchored across the origin of 1 renal artery. Another renal artery, arising from the aneurysmal sac, was occluded by the covered part of the stent graft. A kidney infarction developed postoperatively, which did not affect renal function or blood pressure. The patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition. Follow-up computed tomography and angiography confirmed a satisfactory result of the endovascular treatment.Arch Surg. 1997;132:316-317

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three-tone sequences were used with continuously voiced syllables throughout the utterance and Acoustic analysis revealed that perseverative effects were assimilatory in nature; anticipatory effects, however, were dissimilatory innature.
Abstract: It is well known that tones assimilate in much the same way as consonants and vowels do In tonal assimilation, the height and shape of a given tone is altered by adjacent tones Earlier studies on tonal assimilation in Thai have used two-tone sequences with an intervening obstruent between the two tones of interest In the present study, three-tone sequences were used with continuously voiced syllables throughout the utterance Assimilatory effects were expected to be greater between F₀ contours of two successive syllables that are continuous in voicing across the syllable boundary Stimuli consisted of 125 possible three-tone sequences of the five Thai tones, superimposed on monosyllabic words in a carrier sentence All syllables were stressed in order to eliminate potentially confounding interactions between stress and tonal assimilation Acoustic analysis revealed that perseverative effects were assimilatory in nature; anticipatory effects, however, were dissimilatory in nature Perseverative effects appear to be independent of tonal categories, and restricted to contiguous tones Perseverative effects extend through more than half the duration of the following tone Both the height and shape of the tones are affected Anticipatory effects, on the other hand, are limited to the high and rising tones, and extend through less than half the duration of the preceding tone

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shang-sheng Wu1
TL;DR: In this article, the transient thermal stresses in an annular fin with its base subjected to a heat flux of a decayed exponential function of time were investigated, and the solution of the governing equation, which is a partial differential equation, was obtained.
Abstract: Transient thermal stresses are an important consideration in production processes involving large temperature changes. Recently, thermal stresses have also become significant in design problems related to microelectronic devices through their effects on material properties and system parameters. To calculate the thermal stresses, three kinds of methods are available. The first is the analytical method, in which the elastic theory is used to find the exact solution. The second approach consists of some kind of approximate technique, such as a perturbation procedure. The third method is the use of a numerical process, such as a finite-difference or a finite-element method. This article investigates the transient thermal stresses in an annular fin with its base subjected to a heat flux of a decayed exponential function of time. In order to obtain the solution of the governing equation, which is a partial differential equation, the following procedures of analysis are used. 1. Normalize the governing partial ...

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that amlodipine induces antinociception and increases ant inociceptive action of morphine and ketorolac, possibly through a decrease in cellular calcium availability.
Abstract: 1. The antinociceptive effects of amlodipine, administered subcutaneously (s.c.), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and intrathecally (i.t.) were examined with the acetic acid writhing and tail-flick tests in mice. Amlodipine was also tested in combination with morphine and ketorolac. Isobolographic analyses were used to define the nature of functional interactions between amlodipine and morphine or ketorolac. 2. The s.c. (0.1, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), i.c.v. (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/mice) and i.t. (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/mice) administration of amlodipine exhibited a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the writhing test but had no effect on the tail-flick latency. Isobolographic analyses revealed an additive interaction between amlodipine and morphine or ketorolac in the writhing test. 3. These results suggest that amlodipine induces antinociception and increases antinociceptive action of morphine and ketorolac, possibly through a decrease in cellular calcium availability.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that post-group member confidence in the decision was higher than that of parallel individuals, and highest among those from task-oriented groups; the latter also were more willing than ex-members of “interpersonally oriented” groups to discriminate among fellow members in retrospectively evaluating the relative contributions of each other.

Journal ArticleDOI
M. Ya. Mazalov1
TL;DR: In this paper, a Jordan domain with a smooth nowhere analytic boundary and a function that is bianalytic in this domain, belongs to the class Lip1 in its closure, vanishes on the boundary, but is not identically zero are constructed.
Abstract: A Jordan domain with a smooth nowhere analytic boundary and a function that is bianalytic in this domain, belongs to the class Lip1 in its closure, vanishes on the boundary, but is not identically zero are constructed.

Book ChapterDOI
18 Dec 1997
TL;DR: A new algorithm for solving the site-dependent vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) is presented and applied to a set of 12 test problems taken from the literature and computational results show that the new algorithm easily outperforms the previous methods.
Abstract: In the site-dependent vehicle routing problem (SDVRP), a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles is used to service a set of customers, but there exist compatibility dependencies between customer sites and vehicle types. Some customers with extremely large demands may require large vehicles, whereas some customers located in congested areas may require small or medium-size vehicles. Other customers might be serviced by any type of vehicle. The goal is to carefully select an allowable vehicle type for each customer. Then, for each vehicle type, a classical vehicle routing problem (VRP) is solved over all customers selecting that vehicle type so that the total distance traveled by the entire fleet is minimized and all VRP constraints as well as the site-dependent constraints are satisfied. In this paper, a new algorithm for solving the SDVRP is presented and applied to a set of 12 test problems taken from the literature. The computational results show that the new algorithm easily outperforms the previous methods.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 1997
TL;DR: In this article, four methods have been considered to make the optimum selection of cable preloading in order to minimize the deformations and stresses due to dead load of the bridge. But the best method would be determined by comparing the calculated bending and vertical displacements of bridge deck.
Abstract: Generally, geometric nonlinearities of cable-stayed bridges depend on the behaviors of cables, pylons, the bridge deck and their interactions. These are geometry change, cable sag, and the interactions of axial forces, the bending moment and their deformations in the pylons and bridge deck. Therefore, a large cable-stayed bridges system having a large number of cables can be analyzed under different load conditions. In investigating nonlinear behaviors of cable- stayed bridges, the nonlinear behavior of cables needs to be considered because it may cause the nonlinear behavior of whole bridge system. The nonlinear behavior of a cable gained from its sag. With an increasing axial load, the elongation of the cable is increased but the total cable sag is decreased. Cable-stayed bridge uses cables instead of the internal piers to support the bridge deck. Usually, cable- stayed bridge decks are straight with a little camber compared to the total length of the bridge. Keeping the bridge deck in the position where is the designer desired is not only for bridge aesthetics but also for people on the bridge in terms of psychological effect of improving confidence in structure and engineering considerations. To achieve the serviceability and engineering requirements, preloading of the cable is necessary. In this paper, one such a bridge with geometry similarly to an existing cable- stayed bridge. Quincy Bayview Bridge, located in Illinois, USA, has been considered. Quincy Bayview Bridge has 58 cables in the two planes. Four methods have been considered in this paper to make the optimum selection of cable preloading. The objective is to select appropriate method to determine cable prestrains in order to minimize the deformations and stresses due to dead load of the bridge. Thus, it is not a trivial problem since a change in the prestress of a cable influence the deformation every where in the structure. The best method would be determined by comparing the calculated bending and vertical displacements of the bridge deck.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements and calculations have been made for D 2 O moderated 252 Cf spherical assembly of diameter 30 cm which has been adopted as a calibration standard for the testing of personal neutron dosimeters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, rate constants for substitution at the pentacyanoferrate(II) ions [Fe(CN)5L]3−, where L=3,5-dimethylpyridine or 3-cyanopyridine, in binary aqueous mixed solvents containing up to 60vol% 1,2-ethanediol, 1, 2-butanediol and methanol or ethanol were reported.
Abstract: Rate constants are reported for substitution at the pentacyanoferrate(II) ions [Fe(CN)5L]3−, where L=3,5-dimethylpyridine or 3-cyanopyridine, in binary aqueous mixed solvents containing up to 60vol% 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-butanediol, methanol or ethanol Trends for diol-containing mixtures are compared with those for monohydroxylic alcohols, and the reactivity pattern for these complexes is compared with those established earlier for base hydrolysis of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) and for the aquation of cis-dichloro-bis- (1,2-ethanediamine)cobalt(III) The solvatochromic behaviour of several pentacyanoferrate(II) ions has been established in binary aqueous mixtures containing 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,2-pentanediol A correlation between reactivity and solvatochromism is presented

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a new weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm that introduces an extra frequency response including implicitly the weight function, which reduces the computational complexity from O(N3) to O(n2).
Abstract: The weighted least-squares (WLS) technique has been widely used for the design of digital FIR filters. In the conventional WLS, the filter coefficients are obtained by performing a matrix inverse operation, which needs computation of O(N3). The authors present a new WLS algorithin that introduces an extra frequency response including implicitly the weight function. In the new algorithm, the filter coefficients can be solved just by a matrix vector multiplication. It reduces the computational complexity from O(N3) to O(N2).

Proceedings ArticleDOI
13 Jun 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered a model arising in structural acoustic problems which is comprised of an acoustic chamber with flexible walls to which piezo-ceramic devices are attached, and presented new results on uniform stabilizability of the structural acoustic model with passive damping applied to the boundary of the acoustic chamber.
Abstract: We consider a model arising in structural acoustic problems which is comprised of an acoustic chamber with flexible walls to which piezo-ceramic devices are attached. The deices play the role of actuators and sensors for the model. The mathematical description of the model is governed by a coupled system of partial differential equations involving the wave equation coupled with a nonlinear dynamic shell equation. The main aim is to reduce a pressure/noise in the cabin by the appropriate activation of piezo-ceramic devices. The assumed periodic nature of the disturbance, leads naturally to the formulation of a periodic control problem. This, in turn, is strongly linked to the problem of stabilizability of the original model. Thus, the goal of this paper is to present new results on (i) uniform stabilizability of the structural acoustic model with passive damping applied to the boundary of the acoustic chamber, and (ii) an optimal control problem with 'smart' controls activated by piezo-ceramic patches creating suitable bending moments in the structure. The control algorithm is constructed in a feedback from via a solution of a suitable Riccati type equation. One of our results shows the boundedness of the feedback gains in spite of the strong unboundedness of the control operators. This is due to the 'regularizing' effects of shell dynamics which are partially propagated into the 'hyperbolic' component of the structure.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, rate constants for substitution at vanadium(IV) in bis-cyclopentadienylvanadium dichloride by a range of anionic and uncharged nucleophiles in acetonitrile solution were derived.
Abstract: Rate constants are reported for substitution at vanadium(IV) in bis-cyclopentadienylvanadium dichloride by a range of anionic and uncharged nucleophiles in acetonitrile solution. Rate constants have been determined for replacement of the first and of the second chloride. The reactivity of V(cp)2Cl2 is compared with that of Ti(cp)2Cl2. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 835–838, 1997

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of calcium, strontium, barium and scandium between aqueous and organic phases was studied using 0.1 M HNO 3 or 0. 1 M HCl as the organic phase and solutions of selected derivatives of organophosphoric reagents.
Abstract: The distribution of calcium, strontium, barium and scandium between aqueous and organic phases was studied using 0.1 M HNO 3 or 0.01 to 0.1 M HCl as the aqueous phase and solutions of selected derivatives of organophosphoric reagents containing the conventional =P(O)NHP(O)= bifunctional group or the analogous trifunctional or tetrafunctional group in various organic solvents as the organic phase. The effect of substitution of one ester group by an OH or NH 2 group was examined. While for the alkaline earth metals the distribution ratio increases if the bifunctional group is replaced by a higher-functional group, the reverse is true for scandium. The extraction efficiency is improved by the presence of OH or NH 2 substituent groups. The composition of the extracted species was inferred by logarithmic analysis and the corresponding extraction constants were calculated.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
03 Apr 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of smart pixels is introduced to integrate both electronic processing and individual optical devices on a common device to take advantage of the complexity of electronic processing circuits and the speed of optical devices.
Abstract: Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the application of wavelet transforms to signal processing applications. As an example, to obtain the source density function for a wideband radar or sonar signal from the measurement of scattered signals it is desirable to first perform the wavelet transform of the received signal before processing it. The use of the wavelet transform allows the selection of basis functions which are matched to the transmitted signal. Fundamentally, the wavelet transform of a signal is the correlation of the signal with a basis function derived from a mother wavelet and its scaled versions called daughter wavelets. Thus any real-time correlator can be used for the implementation of the wavelet transform. Since a one-dimensional input signal produces a two-dimensional wavelet transform, optical correlators provide a natural advantage over conventional electronic implementations. The VanderLugt correlator, the joint transform correlator and its derivative, the quasi-Fourier transform joint transform correlator can all be used to implement the wavelet transform, provided a spatial light modulator is used to convert the electrical input signal into an appropriate optical signal. The concept of the smart pixel is to integrate both electronic processing and individual optical devices on a common device to take advantage of the complexity of electronic processing circuits and the speed of optical devices. Arrays of these smart pixels would then bring with them the advantage of parallelism that optics could provide. Smart pixels can function as spatial light modulators providing additional electronic processing features. They are naturally well-suited to realizing wavelet transforms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study evaluates the contamination of lead and cadmium in Parley tissues grown in the Riyadh Area and shows that the industrial site of Riyadh is an effective contributor of the measured lead in the study.
Abstract: Riyadh area is located in the center of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There is a huge increase in vehicle numbers and industrial plants in Riyadh city and surrounding areas as a result of the progressive growth of the city and the rapid increase in its population. By the end of 1994 there were 672,000 vehicles on road, while the population of Riyadh was 2.4 million. It is now projected to exceed 6 million by the year 2006. It is thus necessary to record and evaluate the impact of population growth and increased vehicles traffic on the environment of the area. One of the most common pollutant metal is lead because the lead content in gasoline is high as compared to international level. It was 0.84 g/l and gradually reduced to 0.42 g/l which is still high comparing with international level. Further, at present all the gasoline vehicles in Saudi Arabia are of 2000 cm{sup 3} engine capacity and larger. Up until now, few reports have been published on lead and cadmium pollution in Riyadh city. Early 1980s, El-Shobokshy showed that the lead concentration in the atmosphere is strongly related to the atmospheric stability, and the concentration may be asmore » high as 8 {mu}g/m{sup 3} during the peak traffic hours. In another work, El-Shobokshy carried out a preliminary analysis of inhalable lead particulates in the city. He concluded that the average concentration of lead during the working day is 4.37{mu}g/m{sup 3} to 5.83{mu}g/m{sup 3}, which is about twice the international standards, it decreases during the weekends (Thursday and Friday) due to reduction in traffic loads and it reaches the minimum on Friday when most of industrial activities are stopped. He showed that the industrial site of Riyadh is an effective contributor of the measured lead in the study. This study evaluates the contamination of lead and cadmium in Parley tissues grown in the Riyadh Area. 8 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.« less

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied D-stable flows on orientable 2-manifolds of finite genus in connection with the topology of the underlying phase spaces and proved that a connected orientable manifold supporting a non-minimalD-stable flow must be homeomorphic to an open subset of the 2-sphere or 2-torus.
Abstract: We study D-stable flows on orientable 2-manifolds of nite genus in connection with the topology of the underlying phase spaces. The description of the phase portrait is used to prove that a connected orientable 2-manifold of nite genus supporting a non-minimalD-stable flow must be homeomorphic to an open subset of the 2-sphere or the 2-torus. In the case of the presence of singularities we necessarily have an open subset of the 2-sphere.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A class of manufacturing systems is presented in which the machine interference problem plays a major rule and a detailed analysis of trasition probabilities and their steady-state behavior is provided.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of Ag, Zn, Cd, Sc, Eu, Hg, and Hf between mineral acids (HNO 3, HCl) and benzene solutions of selected sulfur derivatives of organophosphoric reagents containing the (RO 3 )PS group (X = O, S) was examined.
Abstract: The distribution of Ag, Zn, Cd, Sc, Eu, Hg, and Hf between mineral acids (HNO 3 , HCl) and benzene solutions of selected sulfur derivatives of organophosphoric reagents containing the P(X)NHP(X) or (RO 3 )PS group (X = O, S) was examined. The effect of the organic solvent was also investigated for Hg and some of the reagents. The composition of the complexes extracted was identified, and the corresponding extraction constants were calculated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: On decrit une methode d'analyse en phase liquide a haute pression (HPLC) for le RDX and le HMX avec une nouvelle phase stationnaire, le copoly (vinylthiazole-vinylimidazole) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: On decrit une methode d'analyse en phase liquide a haute pression (HPLC) pour le RDX et le HMX avec une nouvelle phase stationnaire, le copoly(vinylthiazole-vinylimidazole). Les temps d'elution pour le RDX et le HMX avec cette phase stationnaire en utilisant du methanol/ eau (proportion 60/40 a 90/10) en tant que phase mobile donnent HMX > RDX, ce qui est tres different d'une phase RP-18 de type commercial. La selectivite chromatographique (valeurs α) entre RDX et HMX est de l'ordre de 2,40 a 2,55. Cet avantage peut etre utilise, lors de la synthese de HMX p. ex., pour detecter la presence de petites impuretes d'env. 1 ppm de RDX dans le HMX.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the thermochemical interaction of TBP with nitric acid in single-phase organic systems at the concentrations of HNO3 1.4 to 5.6M, in temperature range of 110-140 °C.
Abstract: Thermochemical interaction of TBP with nitric acid in single-phase organic systems has been studied at the concentrations of HNO3 1.4 to 5.6M, in temperature range of 110–140 °C. The termochemical oxidation of TBP includes a number of consecutive and concurrent reactions, such as acid hydrolysis, the oxidation of the TBP hydrolysis products, and TBP destructive oxidation. Some of these reactions can proceed with heat explosion. The limiting temperature (120–130 °C) and acid concentration (2.5 mol/l) at which the oxidation reactions are able to transform to heat explosion have been estimated. The rate constants and activation energies were determined for the reactions presenting a potential hazard.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
22 Sep 1997
TL;DR: This paper discusses a new method based on performing a subband transform of a target image and then performing partial correlations with different subband resolutions, which makes it possible to recognize the image without correlating against the complete wavelet transform, thereby realizing considerable savings in computational time.
Abstract: This paper discusses a new method for performing wavelet-based pattern recognition and feature extraction. Known as 'progressive pattern recognition,' this approach is based on performing a subband transform of a target image and then performing partial correlations with different subband resolutions; it is possible to recognize the image without correlating against the complete wavelet transform, thereby realizing considerable savings in computational time. Computer simulations of palm print recognition are presented, and extensions to both scale and rotation invariant systems and optical implementations are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Camel lens ζ‐crystallin/NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase activity was inhibited by chloranilic acid with NADPH as an electron donor and 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone (PQ) in a time‐independent but concentration dependent manner.
Abstract: Camel lens zeta-crystallin/NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase activity was inhibited by chloranilic acid (2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone) with NADPH as an electron donor and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) as an electron acceptor in a time-independent but concentration dependent manner. The IC50 of chloranilic acid was 1 microM. The inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to both NADPH and PQ as deduced by Lineweaver-Burk plots. The estimated inhibition constant (Ki) was 0.8 microM for both NADPH and PQ. Examination of other benzoquinones suggested that the presence of -OH and -Cl on benzoquinone was essential for the inhibition.