Showing papers by "Military Academy published in 2003"
TL;DR: The data support the view that selective T‐ type calcium channel blockers may have significant potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain states and suggest that T‐type calcium channels may play a role in the expression of the neuropathic state.
Abstract: Experimental nerve injury results in exaggerated responses to tactile and thermal stimuli that resemble some aspects of human neuropathic pain. Neuronal hyperexcitability and neurotransmitter release have been suggested to promote such increased responses to sensory stimuli. Enhanced activity of Ca(2+) current is associated with increased neuronal activity and blockade of N- and P-types, but not L-type, calcium channels have been found to block experimental neuropathic pain. While T-type currents are believed to promote neuronal excitability and transmitter release, it is unclear whether these channels may also contribute to the neuropathic state. Rats were prepared with L(5)/L(6) spinal nerve ligation, and tactile and thermal hypersensitivities were established. Mibefradil or ethosuximide was administered either intraperitoneally, intrathecally (i.th.), or locally into the plantar aspect of the injured hindpaw. Systemic mibefradil or ethosuximide produced a dose-dependent blockade of both tactile and thermal hypersensitivities in nerve-injured rats; responses of sham-operated rats were unchanged. Local injection of mibefradil also blocked both end points. Ethosuximide, however, was inactive after local administration, perhaps reflecting its low potency when compared with mibefradil. Neither mibefradil nor ethosuximide given i.th. produced any blockade of neuropathic behaviors. The results presented here suggest that T-type calcium channels may play a role in the expression of the neuropathic state. The data support the view that selective T-type calcium channel blockers may have significant potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain states.
233 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present several experimental examples which show that the presence of an enhanced hydrostatic pressure is one of the main features of severe plastic deformation (SPD).
Abstract: The contribution presents several experimental examples which show that the presence of an enhanced hydrostatic pressure—as compared to conventional large deformation modes—is one of the main features of severe plastic deformation (SPD). At the example of systematic high pressure torsion experiments with Cu at room temperature, strength measurements after deformation showed that the onset strains of deformation stages III, IV, and V are not affected by the pressure applied; however, the related onset flow stresses increase by at least 10 % of the values of low pressure torsion, per GPa of pressure increase. During deformation, increases of flow stresses by at least 40 % of the values of low pressure torsion, per GPa of pressure increase, have been found. From comparisons with tests on Ni, the increases appear to grow with the materials melting temperature. For a theoretical explanation of flow stress increases the pressure induced changes of i) the elastic moduli, and ii) the formation energy of lattice defects. While contribution i) is almost negligible, contribution ii) accounts for an increase of flow stress during deformation by about 15 % per GPa of pressure increase. The difference left to experiment has to be attributed to a third contribution, i.e., the pressure specific evolution of the structure. For this contribution, a modification of the model of Zehetbauer and Les[1–3] is introduced which is based on the pressure caused decrease of lattice diffusion. The latter is thought to restrict the diffusion controlled annihilation of dislocations, thus leading to a higher density of vacancies, dislocations and/or grain boundaries causing the higher stress level observed.
169 citations
TL;DR: The more pronounced improvement in indicators of insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone, as compared with metformin monotherapy in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are OAM-naive, may be of interest for further clinical evaluation.
Abstract: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output. In the first head-to-head, double-blind clinical trial comparing these two oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs), we studied the effect of 32-wk monotherapy on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in 205 patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes who were naive to OAM therapy. Subjects were randomized to either 30 mg pioglitazone or 850 mg metformin daily with titrations upward to 45 mg (77% of pioglitazone patients) and 2550 mg (73% of metformin patients), as indicated, to achieve fasting plasma glucose levels of less than 7.0 mmol/liter (126 mg/dl). Pioglitazone was comparable to metformin in improving glycemic control as measured by hemoglobin A1C and fasting plasma glucose. At endpoint, pioglitazone was significantly more effective than metformin in improving indicators of insulin sensitivity, as determined by reduction of fasting serum insulin (P = 0.003) and by analysis of homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S; P = 0.002). Both OAM therapies were well tolerated. Therefore, pioglitazone and metformin are equally efficacious in regard to glycemic control, but they exert significantly different effects on insulin sensitivity due to differing mechanisms of action. The more pronounced improvement in indicators of insulin sensitivity by pioglitazone, as compared with metformin monotherapy in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are OAM-naive, may be of interest for further clinical evaluation.
164 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that TGF-β1, may be a promising prognostic marker for breast cancer patients with advanced disease, and confirmatory large-scale studies are needed, particularly given the overlap of values between the different subgroups analysed.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes were studied within the sp 3 tight-binding model and the gradient approximation, and they strongly depend on the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field, the nanotube geometry (radius and chiral angle), and the Zeeman splitting.
Abstract: Magnetoelectronic and optical properties of carbon nanotubes are, respectively, studied within the sp 3 tight-binding model and the gradient approximation. They strongly depend on the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field, the nanotube geometry (radius and chiral angle), and the Zeeman splitting. The magnetic field would lead to the change of energy gap, the destruction of state degeneracy, and the coupling of different angular momenta. Hence there are magnetic-field-dependent absorption frequencies and more absorption peaks. The types of carbon nanotubes predominate in the band structure and thus the range of absorption frequencies and the number of absorption peaks. The Zeeman splitting makes the semiconductor-metal transition occur at lower magnetic flux. It metalizes armchair carbon nanotubes in the presence of the perpendicular magnetic field. However, it does not affect the optical excitations except for metallic carbon nanotubes.
89 citations
TL;DR: ALAD 1-1 individuals might be an increased risk compared to ALAD2 carriers to disturbance in heme biosynthetic pathway in high lead exposure.
Abstract: Background The relationship between delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase polymorphism(ALAD)andbiomarkersofexposurewasinvestigatedinTurkishleadworkersin this study. Methods Seventy two male lead battery manufacturing workers were selected for the study. Blood lead (BPb) and urinary lead (UPb) concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Erythrocyte ALAD activity and urinary 5-aminolevulinic acid (UALA) were measured spectrophotometrically. The polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to determine the genotype of the ALAD gene. Results In total, 51 workers (70.8%) had the ALAD 1-1 genotype, whereas 21 workers (29.2%) had the ALAD 1-2 genotype. No significant relationships were found between the two genotypes and BPb, UPb, and ALAD activity. ALAD1 homozygotes showed significantly higher levels of UALA in comparison with those ALAD2 carriers. Conclusions ALAD 1-1 individuals might be an increased risk compared to ALAD2 carriers to disturbance in heme biosynthetic pathway in high lead exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:165–171, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
50 citations
TL;DR: An efficient algorithm to compute the lower confidence bounds of C pk presents the minimum true capability of the process, which is essential to product reliability assurance and is applied to the capability control of multiple PDS processes.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the physics and electrics of the thin-films with the sputtering conditions of RF power, ambient pressure and mass flow ratios oxygen/argon (O 2 /Ar) under constant substrate temperature were discussed.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar monopole antenna capable of multi-frequency operation at about 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz is presented, which can cover the GSM (890,960 MHz), DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), and WLAN (2400-2484 MHz).
Abstract: A novel planar monopole antenna capable of multi-frequency operation at about 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz is presented. The monopole antenna occupies a small area of 6.5 × 50 mm2, and is easy to construct with low cost by printing on an FR4 substrate. The monopole antenna can be mounted perpendicularly to the system circuit board of a communication device so that a low profile to the system ground plane will result. In addition, the obtained impedance bandwidths of the proposed antenna at about 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz can cover the GSM (890–960 MHz), DCS (1710–1880 MHz), PCS (1850–1990 MHz), and WLAN (2400–2484 MHz) bands. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 350–352, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10761
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated renal function in patients with β-thalassemia minor and found that patients with anemia had increased urinary zinc excretion (U zinc ) and fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na ) and uric acid (FE UA ) compared with both controls and patients without anemia.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were reactively deposited onto Al layers on negatively biased glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at a target-to-substrate distance of 17 cm.
TL;DR: In this article, the low-frequency single-particle and collective excitations of single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied in the presence of a magnetic field, and the differences among these plasmons are relatively obvious when the magnetic field is oriented closer to the nanotube axis.
Abstract: The low-frequency single-particle and collective excitations of single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied in the presence of a magnetic field. They strongly depend on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field, transferred momentum, temperature, nanotube geometry, and Zeeman splitting. A narrow-gap nonarmchair carbon nanotube exhibits two interband magnetoplasmons, while a metallic nonarmchair carbon nanotube exhibits one interband magnetoplasmon and one interband and intraband magnetoplasmon or two interband magnetoplasmons and one intraband magnetoplasmon. The differences among these plasmons are relatively obvious when the magnetic field is oriented closer to the nanotube axis. The transferred momentum determines the plasmon frequency and the existence of plasmons. The temperature can induce an intraband magnetoplasmon or change an interband magnetoplasmon into an intraband and interband magnetoplasmon.
TL;DR: A sensor-based stage Petri net (SBSPN) is proposed to represent a programmable logic controller (PLC) stage logic diagram (LD) for discrete-event control design and is believed that this technique is significant for industry practice.
Abstract: Petri nets have been extensively applied for specification, design, verification, performance evaluation, and simulation of discrete event control systems (DECS). The usual way to verify the dynamic behaviour of DECS design is to employ a process-based model, which proves to be impractical in application because the process-based model does not usually fully correspond to the control programming behaviour. This paper proposes a sensor-based stage Petri net (SBSPN) to represent a programmable logic controller (PLC) stage logic diagram (LD) for discrete-event control design. The new technique is able to simplify the modelling process of the complex PLC program without considering the interlocking problem within the ladder diagram. An illustrated example is used to explore the new methodology. The proposed method contains the power and flexibility of the Petri net analysis prior to the PLC implementation. It is believed that this technique is significant for industry practice.
TL;DR: In this article, the absorption spectra of the AB-and AA-stacked nanographite ribbons have several prominent peaks, which strongly depend on the edge structure, the ribbon width, the stacking sequence, and the polarization direction.
Abstract: The absorption spectra of the AB- and AA-stacked nanographite ribbons have several prominent peaks. They strongly depend on the edge structure, the ribbon width, the stacking sequence, and the polarization direction. The armchair ribbons quite differ from the zigzag ribbons. The frequency and the number of the absorption peaks are affected by the ribbon width. The AB-stacked systems have lower threshold absorption frequency, more absorption peaks, and weaker spectral intensity, as compared with the AA-stacked systems. The absorption spectra are highly anisotropic. The optical excitations of the parallel polarization (E∥ ∥ z) are absent in the AA-stacked systems. Comparison with graphite is discussed.
15 Feb 2003-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used polycrystalline copper to realize the dislocation morphology evolution at reduced strain amplitude, and they found that the S-N curve at low strain amplitude from high to low reveals softening.
Abstract: The dislocation structures evolution on the polycrystalline copper at constant strain amplitude during low cycle fatigue is well understood. However, the dislocation structures developments at variable strains, which change from high to low strain amplitude, are seldom reported. In order to realize the dislocation morphology evolution at reduced strain amplitude, the polycrystalline copper is used in this study. The results show that. (1) The S–N curve at reduced strain amplitude from high to low reveals softening, and it is lower than S–N curve which is fatigue in constant strain amplitude at low strain amplitude. (2) The dislocation structures of walls, labyrinth walls, cells or misorientation cells transfer into scattering walls, loop patches or cells. (3) The dislocation morphology development at decreased strain amplitude is determined by the magnitude of reduction in strain amplitude.
TL;DR: It is recommended that coronary angiography should be performed on all patients who present with left atrial myxomas and concomitant coronary artery disease who were all treated surgically, because of the concomitance of these diseases.
Abstract: Purpose: Simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting with a resection of left atrial myxoma has been rarely reported. The ages and the symptoms of patients who have left atrial myxomas and coronary artery disease are similar. In this report, we present our cases of left atrial myxoma with concomitant coronary artery disease who were all treated surgically.
Methods: Between September 1998 and January 2001, 11 patients were surgically treated after being diagnosed to have left atrial myxoma. Routine coronary angiography was performed on all patients preoperatively. In four patients concomitant coronary artery disease was identified. At surgery we performed coronary artery bypass grafting after a resection of left atrial myxoma in three patients.
Results: All patients were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without any difficulty. The postoperative course was uneventful. The follow-up period was 17 ± 10 months (range 3–32 months). All patients were symptom-free and no recurrence of myxoma was detected.
Conclusion: Based on our experience, cardiovascular surgeons should be aware of the concomitance of these diseases. It is therefore recommended that coronary angiography should be performed on all patients who present with left atrial myxomas.
01 Dec 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-layer single-feed dual-band microstrip antenna with narrow slots and chip capacitors is proposed and demonstrated for a global positioning satellite (GPS) application.
Abstract: A novel technique for obtaining a single-layer single-feed dual-band microstrip antenna loaded with narrow slots and chip capacitors is proposed and demonstrated. By embedding a pair of slots of proper lengths close to the radiating edges, the rectangular patch has been shown to realise dual-band broadside radiation. The range of the frequency ratio (FR) can be extended to 1.25 by using chip capacitor loading across the narrow slots to produce further capacitive loads. Simple semi-empirical formulas for the two operating frequencies have also been obtained. Dual circular polarisation (CP) radiation for a global positioning satellite (GPS) application using four slots and four chip capacitors on a square patch is also demonstrated. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented.
TL;DR: It is pointed out that the properties of the waveguide with the Neumann inner condition and the Dirichlet outer one mimic the duct with theNeumann requirements on the two sides, since for both these cases the propagation threshold in the curved section is greater than in the straight channel.
Abstract: We present a theoretical study of a planar waveguide with a uniformly curved section. Opposite sides of the channel satisfy different boundary conditions. It is shown that if the Dirichlet condition is applied to the inner side of the strip and the Neumann one to the outer wall, then properties of such a system in many respects resemble those with the Dirichlet requirements on both surfaces. Namely, in both cases a propagation threshold for the curved section is smaller than its counterpart for the straight channel. As a consequence, a localized mode exists with its energy below the propagation threshold of the straight waveguide. Analysis of such states is presented as a function of the bend parameters. For the transport in the fundamental mode an interaction of a quasibound level split off from the higher-lying threshold, with its degenerate continuum counterpart, causes a dip in the transmission. Such a resonance is characterized by a location of its zero minimum E(min) and the half width Gamma. Changing the bend angle and radius, one varies E(min) and Gamma. In particular, for some critical parameters of the bend it is possible to turn the half width to zero, i.e., to eliminate the dip in the transmission. This corresponds to the absence of the interaction between the split-off level and the continuum, and, consequently, to the formation of the true bound state in the continuum. Vortex structure of the currents flowing in the waveguide near the resonance is also shown to strongly resemble the analogous results for the Dirichlet case. It is pointed out that the properties of the waveguide with the Neumann inner condition and the Dirichlet outer one mimic the duct with the Neumann requirements on the two sides, since for both these cases the propagation threshold in the curved section is greater than in the straight channel.
TL;DR: An algorithm to compute the lower confidence bounds on C PU and C PL using the UMVUEs of CPU and CPL using the existing statistical theory fills the gap between the theoretical development and the in-plant applications.
TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary numerical study of the effect of mixed convection on hydrodynamic removal of contaminants contained in a cavity is carried out via a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy equation for transient flows.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical study of a waveguide with a uniformly curved section and an embedded quantum dot is presented within the envelope function approximation, and the exact form of the scattering matrix of the system is derived, and a conductance of the waveguide is calculated.
Abstract: A theoretical study of a waveguide with a uniformly curved section and an embedded quantum dot is presented within the envelope function approximation. For the quantum dot being extremely localized in the direction of the electron propagation, exact form of the scattering matrix of the system is derived, and a conductance of the waveguide is calculated. It is shown that if, for the straight wire with dot, in the fundamental mode conductance is a monotonically increasing function of the Fermi energy, then, after bending the waveguide, one has Fano resonances on the conductance-Fermi energy dependence. The resonances appear as a result of mixing by the bend of the longitudinal and transverse electron motion in the straight parts of the waveguide and concomitant intersubband interaction. For the small bend angle (large bend radius) the width of the resonance grows narrower with decreasing the angle (increasing the radius), until in the limit of the zero angle (infinite radius) one recovers true bound state in the continuum and the corresponding monotonic conductance of the straight channel. A dependence of the resonance width on the parameters of the bend and the dot is investigated; in particular, it is shown that, as a result of coherent resonant phenomena in the superposition of the bend and the dot, true bound states in the continuum can be formed also for the nonzero bend angle and the finite bend radius. Miscellaneous cases of bending the waveguide which, if uncurved, already exhibits the Fano resonance, are also investigated; for example, it is shown that in this situation, as a result of the bend, resonances can collapse too, again producing true bound states in the continuum. The case of inversion of the Fano resonances, i.e., a change of their minimum and maximum mutual location, is also analyzed. Mathematical and physical interpretation of the obtained results is given, and characteristic features of the critical parameters at which the Fano resonances collapse, are discussed. It is demonstrated that currents flowing in the waveguide, near the Fano resonances drastically change their behavior from laminar to vortical structure, and an evolution of the vortices is described. Parallels are drawn to the other types of the guiding structures, such as electromagnetic waveguides and acoustic ducts.
TL;DR: In this paper, a folded metal-plate monopole antenna with three wide impedance bandwidths at about 0.9, 2.0, and 5.0 GHz is presented.
Abstract: A novel monopole antenna, constructed easily by folding a simple metal plate, is presented. The folded metal-plate monopole antenna shows a compact size of 10 × 10 × 70 mm3 and has three wide impedance bandwidths at about 0.9, 2.0, and 5.0 GHz, thus covering the operating bandwidths of most of the present-day mobile communication systems (AMPS, GSM, DCS, PCS, and UMTS) and the WLAN systems in the 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz bands. With the antenna performance obtained, the proposed antenna is suitable for application in a PDA phone for both mobile communications and WLAN applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 135–138, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11149
TL;DR: In this article, a diversity-loop antenna for WLAN operation in the 5.2-and 5.8-GHz bands is presented, which consists of two bent metal-strip rectangular loop elements (each having a perimeter of about one wavelength of the center operating frequency).
Abstract: A diversity-loop antenna mounted vertically on a wireless PCMCIA card for WLAN operation in the 5.2- and 5.8-GHz bands is presented. The diversity-loop antenna comprises two bent metal-strip rectangular loop elements (each having a perimeter of about one wavelength of the center operating frequency) symmetrically mounted with respect to a rectangular ground plane protruding from the system ground plane of the PCMCIA card. In addition obtaining to a wide bandwidth covering the 5.2- and 5.8-GHz bands, the diversity antenna shows good isolation of less than −27 dB for the two operating ports. In addition, the measured radiation patterns of the two bent-loop elements in general cover complementary space regions, thus making this a promising antenna for providing spatial diversity in WLAN operation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 488–490, 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-band monopole antenna suitable for wireless local-area network (WLAN) applications in the 2.4-and 5.2-GHz bands is presented.
Abstract: A printed dual-band monopole antenna suitable for wireless local-area network (WLAN) applications in the 2.4- and 5.2-GHz bands is presented. The monopole antenna including the ground plane is printed on the same (front) surface of a narrow FR4 substrate (with no metallic portion in the back side of the substrate), which makes it easy to fabricate. In addition, the antenna also showed good radiation characteristics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 452–454, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10947
TL;DR: A perusal of the Norbert Elias Archive in Marbach am Neckar in Germany--shows that the 'Naval Profession' project is larger than the intended three part series of articles for the BJS.
Abstract: In 1950 Norbert Elias published the first of three studies on ‘The Genesis of the Naval Profession’ in the British Journal of Sociology. At the time Elias was not the established scholar that he was to become in later days. In the 1950s his work on the ‘Naval Profession’ was not well received by the audience, even though all the major themes of the ‘civilizing process’ were interwoven in the article. The other two studies were never published in English journals (only one was published in a Dutch journal but received no international attention). A perusal of the Norbert Elias Archive in Marbach am Neckar in Germany - shows that the ‘Naval Profession’ project is larger than the intended three part series of articles for the BJS. From an outline to the project found in the archive it can be concluded that Elias intended to write a book with six to seven chapters. The key to the studies is a sketchy theory of institutions, which states that conflict promotes institutional development. Through the conflict between two occupational groups, sailors and soldiers, the naval officer becomes institutionalized as a new profession. During the period this process takes place England acquires maritime supremacy, secures the passages to the colonies and becomes an empire.
TL;DR: In this article, an inverted-L slot antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation in the 2.4 GHz band is presented, which makes it very suitable to be placed at the corners of the display panel of a notebook computer.
Abstract: An inverted-L slot antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation in the 2.4-GHz band (2400–2484 MHz) is presented. The inverted-L slot antenna is obtained by transforming a linear slot into an inverted-L shaped, which makes it very suitable to be placed at the corners of the display panel of a notebook computer. A prototype has been constructed and tested, and good antenna gain and dual-polarization radiation characteristics for WLAN operations are observed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 315–316, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10905
TL;DR: It is suggested that impairment of nm23-H1 expression is an early event into the progression of colorectal metastasis that precedes E-cadherin transcriptional silencing in the majority of SCRCs examined and may play an important role in suppressing the early steps of metastasis in sporadic cases of colOREctal carcinomas.
Abstract: This study evaluated the added significance of nm23-H1 to that of E-cadherin in determining metastatic proclivity in primary sporadic colorectal carcinomas (SCRCs). A clinical cohort of 52 SCRCs was examined for the significance of nm23-H1 and E-cadherin mRNA levels and E-cadherin protein expression levels into the progression of colorectal tumor invasion, determined by their relevance compared with conventional biological markers. A more than twofold decreased expression of nm23-H1 mRNA was reported in 28/52 (54%) of the carcinomas and was positively associated with the presence of nodal metastases and Astler-Coller stages B1 and B2 in 29% and 35% of the SCRCs, respectively. Reduced expression of E-cadherin mRNA was reported in 38.5% of the carcinomas and was similarly associated with stages Astler-Coller B1 and B2 in 27% of the SCRCs. Decreased E-cadherin immunohistochemical expression (grades II and III) was observed in 67% of the samples. E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression were significantly related to each other. The nm23-H1 (+)/E-cadherin (+) coexpression profile was observed in 31% and was significantly related to the absence of lymph node metastases in 31% and stages Astler-Coller B1 and B2 in 29% of the carcinomas examined. Furthermore, the nm23-H1 (−)/E-cadherin (+) coexpression profile was coupled to decreased E-cadherin immunohistochemical protein detection (grade II) in 21% of the cases examined. These findings suggest that impairment of nm23-H1 expression is an early event into the progression of colorectal metastasis that precedes E-cadherin transcriptional silencing in the majority of SCRCs examined. Nm23-H1 may therefore play an important role in suppressing the early steps of metastasis in sporadic cases of colorectal carcinomas.
TL;DR: In this paper, a corner-truncated inverted-L patch antenna for achieving circular polarization (CP) operation over a wide bandwidth is presented, where the antenna has a thick air-layer substrate and can be easily excited using a probe feed with a short probe pin.
Abstract: An innovative design of a corner-truncated inverted-L patch antenna for achieving circular polarization (CP) operation over a wide bandwidth is presented. The antenna has a thick air-layer substrate; however, it can be easily excited using a probe feed with a short probe pin. CP operation is obtained by selecting an optimal size of the truncated corners, and good impedance matching over a wide bandwidth is obtained by using a beveling technique on the vertical portion of the inverted-L patch. For a prototype constructed for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation in the 2.4-GHz band (2.4–2.484 GHz), the obtained CP bandwidth (3-dB axial ratio) reaches about 7%, and the measured antenna gain is about 8.0 dBi across the CP bandwidth. Details of the antenna design and the experimental results are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 134–136, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10995
TL;DR: In this article, the time-dependent hydrodynamic removal of a contaminated fluid from a rectangular cavity on the floor of a duct is analyzed numerically, focusing on the convective transport of contaminated fluid out from the cavity and the effect of duct flow velocity profile on the cleaning process.
Abstract: The time-dependent hydrodynamic removal of a contaminated fluid from a rectangular cavity on the floor of a duct is analysed numerically. Laminar duct flows are considered for Reynolds numbers of 50 and 1600 where the characteristic length is the duct height. Two cases are considered where: (1) the fluid density in the cavity is the same as that for the duct fluid and (2) the cavity fluid has a higher density than the duct fluid but the two fluids are miscible. The flow is solved by a numerical solution of the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations. Attention is focused on the convective transport of contaminated fluid out from the cavity and the effect of duct flow velocity profile on the cleaning process. Passive markers are used in the numerical simulation for the purpose of identifying the contaminated cavity fluid. The results show that the flow patterns in the cavity are influenced by the type of duct flow. From a cleaning perspective, the results suggest that it is easier for the duct flow to penetrate a cavity and to remove contaminated cavity fluid when the duct flow is of the Poiseuille type and the aspect ratio is large. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.