Military Academy

About: Military Academy is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Fuzzy logic. The organization has 2478 authors who have published 3003 publications receiving 33188 citations.

Performance of biodiesel/higher alcohols blends in a diesel engine

Abstract: Summary Alcohols extensively used in internal combustion engines are important renewable and sustainable energy resources from environmental and economical perspectives. Besides, bio production of alcohols decreases consumption of fossil-based fuels. Although there are many studies with regards to the use of lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol in internal combustion engines, there are a limited number of investigations with higher alcohols. Higher alcohols such as propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol are part of the next generation of biofuels, given they provide better fuel properties than lower alcohols. Biodiesel–higher alcohol blends can be used in diesel engines without any engine modification but need to be tested under various engine conditions with long periods in order to evaluate their impacts on engine performance and environmental pollutants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol in waste oil methyl ester (B100) on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine running at different loads (0, 3, 6, and 9 kW) with a fixed engine speed (1800 rpm). Test fuel blends were prepared by adding propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol (10 vol.%) into waste oil methyl ester to achieve blends of B90Pr10, B90nB10, and B90Pn10, respectively. According to engine performance and exhaust emissions results, the addition of propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol to B100 had the effect of increasing brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperatures. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased for B90Pr10 and B90nB10, while B90Pn10 showed a slight increase in BTE as compared with B100. When compared with B100, B90Pr10, B90nB10, and B90Pn10 decreased carbon monoxide emissions at lower loads while it increased slightly at 9 kW load. The decrement in oxides of nitrogen emission was observed at whole loads for B90Pr10, B90nB10, and B90Pn10 compared with B100. When considering all loads, B90Pn10 presented the best mean hydrocarbon emission with a reduction of 45.41%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A dual-band planar inverted-F patch antenna with a branch-line slit

Abstract: By embedding a branch-line slit in the radiating patch of a planar inverted-F patch antenna, novel 900 and 1800 MHz dual-band operation is obtained. The embedded branch-line slit has two branch slits (one long folded slit and one short bent slit) protruding from the main slit which has an open end at the patch boundary. The main slit and the long folded branch slit together strongly meander the excited patch surface currents starting from the feed to the portion of the patch encircled by the folded branch slit, which leads to a significant reduction in the required dimensions for the proposed antenna. In addition, the two operating frequencies have wavelengths corresponding to about 4.0 and 2.0 times the length of the above-mentioned meandered patch surface current path. The short bent branch slit, on the other hand, mainly serves as a tuning slit for achieving good impedance matching of the two operating frequencies. The proposed antenna and experimental results are described in detail in this paper. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 310–312, 2002.

Character strengths and virtues of developing military leaders: An international comparison.

Abstract: Positive character strengths, virtues, and values are touted in military doctrine as critical for effective leadership, yet little evidence exists describing such traits in military samples. This s...