Showing papers by "Mines ParisTech published in 1969"

Restitution automatique des perméabilités d'une nappe le problème inverse et la déconvolution

Abstract: The data interpretation problem frequently arises in the following terms : A physical system of unknown characteristics has the effect of transforming an input phenonmenon s into an output quantity S. For example, where constant rates of flow are pumped from a number of wells, the piezometric level of the tapped aquifer is H (x, y, z) when equilibrium is attained. Similarly, the initial concentration of a tracer penetrating into a porous tube is c (t) and, due to diffusion (for example), the concentration of the liquid emerging from the tube is C (t). The following questions then arise : In the first case what must the transmissibility distribution T be to satisfy div T grad H = Q And in the second case, what "operator" p (t) expresses the response to an instantaneous injection of a unit mass of tracer U, so that C (t) = S t 0 ( p) (x) c (t-x) dx Both problems have the same structure in that data on the operator are required, i.e. on the physical system, which is represented either by a description of what it consists of (T') or by its response to an elementary demand (p). The method described starts out from the observation that current iterative calculation methods (especially Fourier series) tend to be unstable, typically due to the physically absurd fact that the local mean of the values of several points is very much smaller than the local variation amplitude. The proposed new method involves an iteration procedure in which the values of the unknown quantity are modified in decreasing steps. In addition, any punctual modification can only result from an overall modification to the whole of the supporting domain for the unknown quantity. The proposed method has been applied to deconvolution, automatic restoration of permeability (the reverse problem) and the solution of elliptical equations of the type encountered in hydrodynamics (direct problem).

Influence de la grosseur du grain et de la teneur en oxygéne sur la cinétique d'oxydation du zirconium

Abstract: Resume L'influence de deux facteurs importants, a savoir la grosseur du grain et la teneur en oxygene dissous sur la cinetique d'oxydation du zirconium en phase α, est etudiee et discutee. Les echantillons de zirconium a gros grains (diametre moyen 5 mm)ont prepares sous vide dynamique par cyclage thermique autour du point de transformation α.⇄β. Aux basses temperatures t ( C ), la vitesse d'oxydation des echantillons a gros grains est nettement moins grande que celle des echantillons a petits grains, ce qui serait en faveur d'un mecanisme preponderant de diffusion intergranulaire aux basses temperatures. Les alliages zirconium-oxygene ont ete obtenus par oxydation d'echantillons de zirconium pur, suivie d'un recuit sous vide secondaire a 1050 °C. L'homogeneisation et la teneur en oxygene de ces alliages ont ete rigoureusement controlees et determinees. Les cinetiques d'oxydation montrent que l'oxygene dissous entraine une augmentation marquee de la vitesse d'oxydation d'autant plus grande que la teneur en oxygene est elevee. Ces resultats sont completes par des observations morphologiques et structurales en fonction de la temperature d'oxydation.