Showing papers by "Mines ParisTech published in 2017"

Toward inline multiplex biodetection of metals, bacteria, and toxins in water networks: the COMBITOX project.

Abstract: This special issue of Environmental Science and Pollution Research highlights selected papers whose results have been obtained in the course of the COMBITOX project. COMBITIOX is an interdisciplinary research project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) aiming at conceiving an inline multiparametric device for the surveillance of water networks using biosensors. This device is not intended to fully replace chemical methods, but when compared to analytical chromatographic methodologies, biological sensors can offer rapid and on-site monitoring of even trace levels of targeted compounds (Sun et al. 2015) and can quickly raise the alarm in the event of an accidental or intentional pollution. Numerous developments have been published to improve the sensitivity, specificity, and time response of various biosensors in laboratory conditions (Xiong et al. 2012) (der Meer et al. 2010), but their actual transfer into technological devices for the surveillance of water networks remains at a conceptual level. Thus, the challenge here is to go a step beyond and validate biosensors under real-life field conditions by incorporating them in a single inline detector. During the course of COMBITOX, we could define the interface between the biosensors and a common light detector as well as the physical conditioning of the bioreagents and usage protocol. Our resulting prototype allow the detection of bioavailable toxic compounds as well as microorganisms, impacting human health through the drinking water network or interfering with the biological process of modern wastewater treatment plants. We also plan to propose this system to meet the emerging threats such as bioterrorism. COMBITOX focuses on three families of Bobjects^ to detect: metals (cadmium, mercury, arsenic, nickel, etc.), environmental and/or food toxins, and pathogenic microorganisms. Whole-cell biosensors based on reporter gene under the control of an inducible promoter are used to detect various metals (Hynninen and Virta 2010), the antibody/antigen interaction for toxins (Makaraviciute and Ramanaviciene 2013), and the specific infection of bacteria by bacteriophages for pathogenic microorganisms (Smartt et al. 2012) (Vinay et al. 2015). In all cases, the signal measured is photochemical (fluorescence, bioluminescence, or chemo-luminescence): such a method to transduce the biological recognition is very sensitive and a single photodetector can be used for all biosensors included in the device. The challenge here rather lies in the design and the optimization of the different biological compounds for their use in the field while maintaining a high sensibility and robustness. As a consequence, the different articles presented in this special issue focus on original strategies for the optimization and the adaptation of the three types of biosensors for their use in a semi-autonomous inline water analyzer. In the case of whole-cell biosensors, improvement of the dose-responses Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

The kinematic bicycle model: A consistent model for planning feasible trajectories for autonomous vehicles?

Abstract: Most autonomous driving architectures separate planning and control phases in different layers, even though both problems are intrinsically related Due to limitations on the available computational power, their levels of abstraction and modeling differ; in particular, vehicle dynamics are often highly simplified at the planning phase, which may lead to inconsistency between the two layers In this paper, we study the kinematic bicycle model, which is often used for trajectory planning, and compare its results to a 9 degrees of freedom model Modeling errors and limitations of the kinematic bicycle model are highlighted Lastly, this paper proposes a simple and efficient consistency criterion in order to validate the use of this model for planning purposes

Toward an integrated sustainable-resilient supply chain: A pharmaceutical case study

Abstract: In this paper, a novel multi-objective integrated sustainable-resilient mixed integer linear programming model for designing a pharmaceutical supply chain network under uncertainty is presented. To cope with the uncertainty aspect of the model, a new fuzzy possibilistic-stochastic programming approach is developed. Additionally, due to NP-hard nature of the problem, we propose a novel Pareto-based lower bound method as well as a new meta-heuristic algorithm. Several numerical examples, as well as a case study targeting Truvada© supply chain for the LGBTQ community, as they account for majority of the market for such product, in France is proposed.

PRC2 is dispensable for HOTAIR‐mediated transcriptional repression

Abstract: Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play diverse roles in physiological and pathological processes. Several lncRNAs have been suggested to modulate gene expression by guiding chromatin‐modifying complexes to specific sites in the genome. However, besides the example of Xist, clear‐cut evidence demonstrating this novel mode of regulation remains sparse. Here, we focus on HOTAIR , a lncRNA that is overexpressed in several tumor types and previously proposed to play a key role in gene silencing through direct recruitment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to defined genomic loci. Using genetic tools and a novel RNA‐tethering system, we investigated the interplay between HOTAIR and PRC2 in gene silencing. Surprisingly, we observed that forced overexpression of HOTAIR in breast cancer cells leads to subtle transcriptomic changes that appear to be independent of PRC2. Mechanistically, we found that artificial tethering of HOTAIR to chromatin causes transcriptional repression, but that this effect does not require PRC2. Instead, PRC2 recruitment appears to be a consequence of gene silencing. We propose that PRC2 binding to RNA might serve functions other than chromatin targeting.

Towards Improved Understanding of the Applicability of Uncertainty Forecasts in the Electric Power Industry

Abstract: Around the world wind energy is starting to become a major energy provider in electricity markets, as well as participating in ancillary services markets to help maintain grid stability. The reliability of system operations and smooth integration of wind energy into electricity markets has been strongly supported by years of improvement in weather and wind power forecasting systems. Deterministic forecasts are still predominant in utility practice although truly optimal decisions and risk hedging are only possible with the adoption of uncertainty forecasts. One of the main barriers for the industrial adoption of uncertainty forecasts is the lack of understanding of its information content (e.g., its physical and statistical modeling) and standardization of uncertainty forecast products, which frequently leads to mistrust towards uncertainty forecasts and their applicability in practice. This paper aims at improving this understanding by establishing a common terminology and reviewing the methods to determine, estimate, and communicate the uncertainty in weather and wind power forecasts. This conceptual analysis of the state of the art highlights that: (i) end-users should start to look at the forecast’s properties in order to map different uncertainty representations to specific wind energy-related user requirements; (ii) a multidisciplinary team is required to foster the integration of stochastic methods in the industry sector. A set of recommendations for standardization and improved training of operators are provided along with examples of best practices

Transient transcription in the early embryo sets an epigenetic state that programs postnatal growth.

Abstract: The potential for early embryonic events to program epigenetic states that influence adult physiology remains an important question in health and development. Using the imprinted Zdbf2 locus as a paradigm for the early programming of phenotypes, we demonstrate here that chromatin changes that occur in the pluripotent embryo can be dispensable for embryogenesis but instead signal essential regulatory information in the adult. The Liz (long isoform of Zdbf2) transcript is transiently expressed in early embryos and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This transcription locally promotes de novo DNA methylation upstream of the Zdbf2 promoter, which antagonizes Polycomb-mediated repression of Zdbf2. Strikingly, mouse embryos deficient for Liz develop normally but fail to activate Zdbf2 in the postnatal brain and show indelible growth reduction, implying a crucial role for a Liz-dependent epigenetic switch. This work provides evidence that transcription during an early embryonic timeframe can program a stable epigenetic state with later physiological consequences.

Mapping Flash Flood Severity in the United States

Abstract: Flash floods, a subset of floods, are a particularly damaging natural hazard worldwide because of their multidisciplinary nature, difficulty in forecasting, and fast onset that limits emergency responses. In this study, a new variable called “flashiness” is introduced as a measure of flood severity. This work utilizes a representative and long archive of flooding events spanning 78 years to map flash flood severity, as quantified by the flashiness variable. Flood severity is then modeled as a function of a large number of geomorphological and climatological variables, which is then used to extend and regionalize the flashiness variable from gauged basins to a high-resolution grid covering the conterminous United States. Six flash flood “hotspots” are identified and additional analysis is presented on the seasonality of flash flooding. The findings from this study are then compared to other related datasets in the United States, including National Weather Service storm reports and a historical floo...

Models for ductile damage and fracture prediction in cold bulk metal forming processes: a review

Abstract: Ductile damage and fracture prediction in real size structures subjected to complex loading conditions has been of utmost interest in the scientific and engineering community in the past century. Numerical simulations with nonlinear finite element (FE) codes allow investigating various complicated problems for damage and fracture prediction in real scale models, which is an important topic in many industries, including metal forming industry. For all industrial cold forming processes, the ability of numerical modeling to predict ductile fracture is crucial. However, this ability is still limited because of the complex loading paths (multi-axial and non-proportional loadings) and important shear effects in several forming processes. The development robust damage and fracture prediction models is essential to obtain realistic results for both geometry precision and mechanical properties. The present article reviews the models in three approaches of ductile damage, namely: uncoupled phenomenological model (or fracture criteria), coupled phenomenological models, and micromechanics-based models, which have been developed to predict ductile fracture in metal forming processes. The objective is to supply to engineers and scientists an overview on a “top-down” procedure to be able to construct predictive tools for metal forming processes.

Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke

Abstract: Background Cerebrolysin is a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids derived from porcine brain that has potential neuroprotective properties. It is widely used in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in Russia, Eastern Europe, China, and other Asian and post-Soviet countries. This is an update of a review first published in 2010 and last updated in 2017. Objectives To assess the benefits and harms of Cerebrolysin for treating acute ischaemic stroke. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, with Science Citation Index, LILACS, OpenGrey, and a number of Russian databases in October 2019. We also searched reference lists, ongoing trials registers, and conference proceedings. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Cerebrolysin, started within 48 hours of stroke onset and continued for any length of time, with placebo or no treatment in people with acute ischaemic stroke. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently applied the inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and risk of bias, extracted data, and applied GRADE criteria to the evidence. Main results Seven RCTs (1601 participants) met the inclusion criteria of the review. In this update we re-evaluated risk of bias through identification, examination, and evaluation of study protocols and judged it to be low, unclear, or high across studies: unclear for all domains in one study, and unclear for selective outcome reporting across all studies; low for blinding of participants and personnel in four studies and unclear in the remaining three; low for blinding of outcome assessors in three studies and unclear in four studies. We judged risk of bias to be low in two studies and unclear in the remaining five studies for generation of allocation sequence; low in one study and unclear in six studies for allocation concealment; and low in one study, unclear in one study, and high in the remaining five studies for incomplete outcome data. The manufacturer of Cerebrolysin supported four multicentre studies, either totally, or by providing Cerebrolysin and placebo, randomisation codes, research grants, or statisticians. We judged three studies to be at high risk of other bias and the remaining four studies to be at unclear risk of other bias. All-cause death: we extracted data from six trials (1517 participants). Cerebrolysin probably results in little to no difference in all-cause death: risk ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 1.32 (6 trials, 1517 participants, moderate-quality evidence). None of the included trials reported on poor functional outcome defined as death or dependence at the end of the follow-up period or early death (within two weeks of stroke onset), or time to restoration of capacity for work and quality of life. Only one trial clearly reported on the cause of death: cerebral infarct (four in the Cerebrolysin and two in the placebo group), heart failure (two in the Cerebrolysin and one in the placebo group), pulmonary embolism (two in the placebo group), and pneumonia (one in the placebo group). Serious adverse events (SAEs): Cerebrolysin probably results in little to no difference in the total number of people with SAEs (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.65, 4 RCTs, 1435 participants, moderate-quality evidence). This comprised fatal SAEs (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.38) and an increase in the total number of people with non-fatal SAEs (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.55, P = 0.047, 4 trials, 1435 participants, moderate-quality evidence). In the subgroup of dosing schedule 30 mL for 10 days (cumulative dose 300 mL), the increase was more prominent: RR 2.86, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.66, P = 0.01 (2 trials, 1189 participants). Total number of people with adverse events: four trials reported on this outcome. Cerebrolysin may result in little to no difference in the total number of people with adverse events: RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.10, P = 0.90, 4 trials, 1435 participants, low-quality evidence. Non-death attrition: evidence from six trials involving 1517 participants suggests that Cerebrolysin results in little to no difference in non-death attrition, with 96 out of 764 Cerebrolysin-treated participants and 117 out of 753 placebo-treated participants being lost to follow-up for reasons other than death (very low-quality evidence). Authors' conclusions Moderate-quality evidence indicates that Cerebrolysin probably has little or no beneficial effect on preventing all-cause death in acute ischaemic stroke, or on the total number of people with serious adverse events. Moderate-quality evidence also indicates a potential increase in non-fatal serious adverse events with Cerebrolysin use.

Temperature-Accelerated Strength Development in Stabilized Marine Soils as Road Construction Materials

Abstract: Few studies have been reported about the effect of high curing temperature on the engineering properties of lime/cement-treated marine soils as alternative materials in road construction. L...

Translation-Invariant Multiscale Energy-Based PCA for Monitoring Batch Processes in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Abstract: The overwhelming majority of processes taking place in semiconductor manufacturing operate in a batch mode by imposing time-varying conditions to the products in a cyclic and repetitive fashion. These conditions make process monitoring a very challenging task, especially in massive production plants. Among the state-of-the-art approaches proposed to deal with this problem, the so-called multiway methods incorporate the batch dynamic features in a normal operation model at the expense of estimating a large number of parameters. This makes these approaches prone to overfitting and instability. Moreover, batch trajectories are required to be well aligned in order to provide the expected performance. To overcome these issues and other limitations of the conventional methodologies for process monitoring in semiconductor manufacturing, we propose an approach, translation-invariant multiscale energy-based principal component analysis, that requires a much lower number of estimated parameters. It is free of process trajectory alignment requirements and thus easier to implement and maintain, while still rendering useful information for fault detection and root cause analysis. The proposed approach is based on implementing a translation-invariant wavelet decomposition along the time series profile of each variable in one batch. The normal operational signatures in the time-frequency domain are extracted, modeled, and then used for process monitoring, allowing prompt detection of process abnormalities. The proposed procedure was tested with real industrial data and it proved to effectively detect the existing faults as well as to provide reliable indications of their underlying root causes.