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Institution

Mines ParisTech

EducationParis, France
About: Mines ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Microstructure. The organization has 6564 authors who have published 11676 publications receiving 359898 citations. The organization is also known as: École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris & École des mines de Paris.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New insight is provided into the mechanisms behind BCG’s success in the bladder and it is suggested that parenteral BCG exposure may boost the success rate for bladder cancer treatment, and monitoring patients’ response to purified protein derivative may provide a simple strategy that could improve therapeutic response.
Abstract: Therapeutic intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is effective at triggering inflammation and eliciting successful tumor immunity in patients with non–muscle invasive bladder cancer, with 50 to 70% clinical response. Therapeutic success relies on repeated instillations of live BCG administered as adjuvant therapy shortly after tumor resection; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Using an experimental model, we demonstrate that after a single instillation, BCG coul dd isseminate to bladder draining lymph nodes and prime interferon-g–producing T cells. Nonetheless, repeated instillations with live BCG were necessary for a robust T cell infiltration into the bladder. Parenteral exposure to BCG before instillation overcame this requirement; after the first intravesical instillation, BCG triggered a more robust acute inflammatory process and accelerated T cell entry into the bladder, as compared to the standard protocol. Moreover, parenteral exposure to BCG before intravesical treatment of an orthotopic tumor markedly improved response to therapy. Indeed, patients with sustained preexisting immunity to BCG showed a significant improvement in recurrence-free survival. Together, these data suggest that monitoring patients’ response to purified protein derivative, and, in their absence, boosting BCG responses by parenteral exposure before intravesical treatment initiation, may be a safe and effective means of improving intravesical BCG-induced clinical responses.

214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an explicit open-loop control, able to approximately steer the one-dimensional heatequation with control on the boundary from any state to any other state, is given.
Abstract: SUMMARYThe paper gives an explicit open-loop control, able to approximately steer the one-dimensional heatequationwith control onthe boundaryfromanystate to any otherstate. The controlisobtained thankstoaparametrizationofthesolutionsoftheheatequationbyaseriesinvolvingin"nitelymanyderivativesofthesystem &#at output’. Copyright ( 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS : heat equation; boundary control; motion planning; #atness; Gevrey functions; approximatecontrollability 1. INTRODUCTIONMotion planning, i.e. the construction of an open-loop control connecting an initial state toa "nal state, is a fundamental problem of control theory both from a practical and theoreticalpointofview.Forsystemsgovernedby ordinary di!erentialequationsthenotionof- atness [1,2]providesaconstructivesolutiontothisproblem.AsnoticedinReference[2],theideaunderlyingequivalence and #atness*the existence of a one-to-one correspondence between trajectories ofsystems*can be adapted to partial di!erential equations [3}5] with boundary control.In this paper, which develops ideas introduced in [2, 6], we study in this spirit the heat equationwithonespacedimension and controlontheboundary.Wegive anexplicitparametrizationofthetrajectoriesasapower series inthespacevariablewithcoe $cients involvingtimederivatives ofthe&#at’ output. This series is convergent when the #atoutput is restricted to be a Gevrey function (i.e.asmoothfunctionwitha¬ too divergent’ Taylor expansion). This parameterization

214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) on porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 specimens was studied and a columnar-dendritic micro-structure was observed on all the SLM specimens.
Abstract: The effect of SLM parameters on porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties is studied. To this purpose, the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is applied to manufacture Inconel 718 specimens. The material, the manufacturing process, the Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP), heat treatment, observation procedures and characterisation of mechanical properties are presented. A columnar-dendritic microstructure was observed on all the SLM specimens and a Volumetric Energy Density (VED) effect on the latter was also noted. The rate of porosity varies in relation to the VED and is considerably reduced after HIP. The heat treatment erases the dendritic microstructure, significantly enhances microhardness and confers on the alloy tensile mechanical properties comparable to forged Inconel 718.

214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This model provides a generic high-level view of the interplays between NFκB pro-survival pathway, RIP1-dependent necrosis, and the apoptosis pathway in response to death receptor-mediated signals and expands the understanding of how cell fate decision is made.
Abstract: Cytokines such as TNF and FASL can trigger death or survival depending on cell lines and cellular conditions. The mechanistic details of how a cell chooses among these cell fates are still unclear. The understanding of these processes is important since they are altered in many diseases, including cancer and AIDS. Using a discrete modelling formalism, we present a mathematical model of cell fate decision recapitulating and integrating the most consistent facts extracted from the literature. This model provides a generic high-level view of the interplays between NFkappaB pro-survival pathway, RIP1-dependent necrosis, and the apoptosis pathway in response to death receptor-mediated signals. Wild type simulations demonstrate robust segregation of cellular responses to receptor engagement. Model simulations recapitulate documented phenotypes of protein knockdowns and enable the prediction of the effects of novel knockdowns. In silico experiments simulate the outcomes following ligand removal at different stages, and suggest experimental approaches to further validate and specialise the model for particular cell types. We also propose a reduced conceptual model implementing the logic of the decision process. This analysis gives specific predictions regarding cross-talks between the three pathways, as well as the transient role of RIP1 protein in necrosis, and confirms the phenotypes of novel perturbations. Our wild type and mutant simulations provide novel insights to restore apoptosis in defective cells. The model analysis expands our understanding of how cell fate decision is made. Moreover, our current model can be used to assess contradictory or controversial data from the literature. Ultimately, it constitutes a valuable reasoning tool to delineate novel experiments.

214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work describes a method for automatic detection of absolute segmental copy numbers and genotype status in complex cancer genome profiles measured with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays based on pattern recognition of segmented and smoothed copy number and allelic imbalance profiles.
Abstract: We describe a method for automatic detection of absolute segmental copy numbers and genotype status in complex cancer genome profiles measured with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. The method is based on pattern recognition of segmented and smoothed copy number and allelic imbalance profiles. Assignments were verified by DNA indexes of primary tumors and karyotypes of cell lines. The method performs well even for poor-quality data, low tumor content, and highly rearranged tumor genomes.

212 citations


Authors

Showing all 6591 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Francis Bach11048454944
Olivier Delattre10349039258
Richard M. Murray9771169016
Bruno Latour9636494864
George G. Malliaras9438228533
George S. Wilson8871633034
Zhong-Ping Jiang8159724279
F. Liu8042823869
Kazu Suenaga7532926287
Carlo Adamo7544436092
Edith Heard7519623899
Enrico Zio73112723809
John J. Jonas7037921544
Bernard Asselain6940923648
Eric Guibal6929416397
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202315
202264
2021274
2020260
2019250
2018249