Mines ParisTech

About: Mines ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Microstructure. The organization has 6564 authors who have published 11676 publications receiving 359898 citations. The organization is also known as: École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris & École des mines de Paris.

What drives the international transfer of climate change mitigation technologies?: empirical evidence from patent data

Abstract: Technology transfer plays a key role in global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we characterize the factors that promote or hinder the international diffusion of climate-friendly technologies using detailed patent data from 96 countries for the period 1995-2007. The data provide strong evidence that lax Intellectual Property regimes have a strong and negative impact on the international diffusion of patented knowledge. Restrictions on international trade and foreign direct investment also hinder the diffusion of climate-friendly technologies. Surprisingly, local technological capabilities tend to discourage transfers. While broad indicators of technology capabilities are expected to facilitate transfers, this latter result stems from our technology-specific definition of local capabilities, which makes it possible to capture a substitution effect between local and foreign inventions.

Biodegradability enhancement of textile dyes and textile wastewater by VUV photolysis

Abstract: Photo-degradation and biodegradability have been studied for three different families of non-biodegradable textile dyes (Intracron reactive dyes, Direct dyes and Nylanthrene acid dyes) and a textile wastewater, using VUV photolysis. Ninety percent of color removal of dye solutions and wastewater is achieved within 7 min of irradiation. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was found to increase during discoloration process while chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased. The biodegradability index (BOD5/COD) increases up to 0.40 for most of the dye solutions when total discoloration is obtained. It implies that VUV photolysis tends to enhance the biodegradability of dye containing solutions. Thus, this technique could be used as a pre-treatment step for conventional biological wastewater treatment.

Phase stepping: a new self-calibrating algorithm

Abstract: A new (N + 1)-bucket algorithm is proposed for phase-stepping systems. It eliminates most of the errors caused by the phase-shifter miscalibration.

Beta-catenin status in paediatric medulloblastomas: correlation of immunohistochemical expression with mutational status, genetic profiles, and clinical characteristics.

Abstract: Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant paediatric brain tumour. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway occurs in 10-15% of medulloblastomas and has been recently described as a marker for favourable patient outcome. We report a series of 72 paediatric medulloblastomas evaluated for β-catenin protein expression, CTNNB1 mutations, and comparative genomic hybridization. Gene expression profiles were also available in a subset of 40 cases. Immunostaining of β-catenin showed extensive nuclear staining (>50% of the tumour cells) in six cases and focal nuclear staining (<10% of cells) in three cases. The other cases either exhibited a signal strictly limited to the cytoplasm (58 cases) or were negative (five cases). CTNNB1 mutations were detected in all β-catenin extensively nucleopositive cases. The expression profiles of these cases documented strong activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Remarkably, five out of these six tumours showed a complete loss of chromosome 6. In contrast, cases with focal nuclear β-catenin staining, as well as tumours with negative or cytoplasmic staining, never demonstrated CTNNB1 mutation, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation or chromosome 6 loss. Patients with extensive nuclear staining were significantly older at diagnosis and were in continuous complete remission after a mean follow-up of 75.7 months (range 27.5–121.2 months) from diagnosis. All three patients with focal nuclear staining of β-catenin died within 36 months from diagnosis. Altogether, these data confirm and extend previous observations that CTNNB1-mutated tumours represent a distinct molecular subgroup of medulloblastomas with favourable outcome, indicating that therapy de-escalation should be considered. International consensus on the definition criteria of this distinct medulloblastoma subgroup should be achieved. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.