Mines ParisTech

About: Mines ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Microstructure. The organization has 6564 authors who have published 11676 publications receiving 359898 citations. The organization is also known as: École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris & École des mines de Paris.

Mobilization of Waterflood Residual Oil by Gas Injection for Water-Wet Conditions

Abstract: This paper reports that mechanisms by which waterflood residual oil is mobilized and recovered during tertiary gasflooding at quasistatic rates and strongly water-wet conditions were investigated with 2D glass micromodels. Two three-phase oil/water/gas systems were used in the displacement experiments. One system had a positive spreading coefficient, the other a negative coefficient. Results for the two systems were compared to determine the differences in displacement mechanisms and oil recovery efficiency. Displacement in both systems proceeds by a double-drainage mechanism where a gas/oil displacement is always associated with an oil/water displacement. The oil/water displacement leads to coalescence and reconnection of oil blobs. Oil recovery was significantly higher for the positive spreading system. The higher displacement efficiency resulted from flow through thin but continuous oil films that always separated the oil and water phases in the positive spreading system. The absence of oil films and the possibility of direct gas/water displacements reduced oil recovery for the negative spreading system.

A Comprehensive Model of the Electroslag Remelting Process: Description and Validation

Abstract: Electroslag remelting (ESR) is widely used for the production of high-value-added alloys such as special steels or nickel-based superalloys. Because of high trial costs and the complexity of the mechanisms involved, trial-and-error-based approaches are not well suited for fundamental studies or for optimization of the process. Consequently, a transient-state numerical model has been developed that accounts for electromagnetic phenomena and coupled heat and momentum transfers in an axisymmetrical geometry. The model simulates the continuous growth of the electroslag-remelted ingot through a mesh-splitting method. In addition, solidification of the metal is modeled by an enthalpy-based technique. A turbulence model is implemented to compute the motion of liquid phases (slag and metal), while the mushy zone is described as a porous medium the permeability of which varies with the liquid fraction, thus enabling accurate calculation of solid/liquid interaction. The coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved using a finite-volume technique. The computed results are compared to the experimental observation of an industrial remelted ingot; the melt pool depth and shape, in particular, are investigated, in order to validate the model. These results provide valuable information about the process performance and the influence of the operating parameters. In this way, we present an example of a model used as a support in analyzing the influence of the electrode fill ratio.

Coupled temperature, stress, phase transformation calculation

Abstract: The quenching of steels involves thermal, mechanical, and structural phenomena and their couplings. In this paper, a coupled thermal, phase transformation, internal stresses calculation model is presented. Especially, the stress-phase transformation interactions (transformation plasticity and kinetics modifications through internal stresses) are taken into account in this model, not only for martensitic transformation but also for diffusion dependent transformation. Using a specific case, the cooling of a cylinder made of eutectoid carbon steel, an analysis of how the stress phase transformation interactions affect the internal stresses, and plastic strain evolutions during cooling are performed. The calculated results show that internal stresses have an important effect on the kinetics of pearlitic transformation. These changes in transformation kinetics modify the levels of the internal stresses themselves and the residual stresses.