scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Ministry of Agriculture published in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the ethyl carbamate concentrations of four typical appelation controlee Spanish red wines (Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Valdepenas and Vinos de Madrid) were studied, and correlations sought with the alcoholic, volatile, acid and mineral concentrations.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that bovine meat may be a possible source of toxoplasmosis in the region of Pato Branco, Parana state, southern Brazil.
Abstract: In order to determine the role of bovine meat in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, 348 serum samples were collected from cattle and 64 serum samples from slaughterhouse workers at four plants in the region of Pato Branco, Parana state, southern Brazil. Cattle sera were examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), showing an IgG-seropositivity of 41.4%. The most frequently titer found was 64 (92.4%). Maximum titer found was 1024. There was no significant difference concerning sex, age and origin of positive sera. Human sera were tested by the IFAT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), showing 67.2% and 84.4% of IgG-seropositivity, respectively. No significant difference was observed between prevalences and age, sex, duration of employment at slaughterhouse, contact with cats and eating raw or undercooked meat. Results suggest that bovine meat may be a possible source of toxoplasmosis in the region.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2004-Lait
TL;DR: In this paper, the acid ninhydrin spectrophotometric method (ANSM) was compared with the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for caseinomacropeptide (CMP) determination.
Abstract: The acidic ninhydrin spectrophotometric method (ANSM) for quantitative determina- tion of free and bound sialic acid of milk glycoprotein has been proved to be fast and efficient for routine detection of fraudulent addition of rennet whey to fluid milk In this research the ANSM was compared with the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, internationally rec- ommended for caseinomacropeptide (CMP) determination, which besides its high accuracy is more sophisticated and requires trained personnel For several sample conditions (raw milk and milk with variable added amounts of rennet cheese whey), the methods showed an excellent linear correlation, with r = 0981 when milk was deproteinized with a 120 g·L-1 final concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) concentration The best correlations could be seen with final concentrations of 100 g·L -1 and 80 g·L -1 TCA; respectively, r = 0992 and 0993

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Study about establishment and persistence of fungal conidia in soil, using the colony forming unity (CFU) counts, indicated that the fungus persisted in the soil between two rice crop seasons, up to 216 days after application, when new rice crops were established.
Abstract: The rice stem bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stal, 1860 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is an important pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Brazil, mainly in flooded system of cultivation. The effect of two ways of application (conidia in aqueous suspension and on rice grain) of Metarhizium anisopliae strain 172 for the control of the rice stem bug, was evaluated in three experiments conducted in 1991, 1992 and 1994 in commercial irrigated rice. In 1991, the spraying of conidia suspension and manual distribution of rice grain covered with fungal material at dose of 7.2 x 10(13) conidia.ha-1, on soil and among rice stems, where the bugs were located, reduced significantly the insect natural population with control efficiencies of 52.6 and 61.8%, respectively. Studies about establishment and persistence of fungal conidia in soil, using the colony forming unity (CFU) counts, indicated that the fungus persisted in the soil between two rice crop seasons, up to 216 days after application, when new rice crops were established. The number of CFU was greater in the plots treated with rice grain covered with fungal material. The linear growth of CFU in the control plots showed that the fungus spread to the untreated areas of the rice field. Significant control efficiency was obtained in 1993 for grain and aqueous fungus treatment with 48.2% and 51.8%, respectively. In 1994, the conidial suspension at dose of 5x10(13) conidia.ha-1 resulted in control efficiency of 39.5%. The level of insect mycosis, however, was low in both 1993 and 1994, reaching a maximum of 20% mycosis in 1993. The low numbers of insect with mycosis compared with the level of mortality, may probably reduce the rate of fungal dissemination in rice fields and, consequently, be detrimental to the occurrence of epizootics.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The variability associated with testing lots of green coffee beans for ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated and mathematical expressions were developed to model the relationship between OTA concentration and the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances.
Abstract: The variability associated with testing lots of green coffee beans for ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated. Twenty-five lots of green coffee were tested for OTA contamination. The total variance associated with testing green coffee was estimated and partitioned into sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. All variances increased with an increase in OTA concentration. Using regression analysis, mathematical expressions were developed to model the relationship between OTA concentration and the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances. The expressions for these relationships were used to estimate the variance for any sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses for a specific OTA concentration. Testing a lot with 5 microg/kg OTA using a 1 kg sample, Romer RAS mill, 25 g subsamples, and liquid chromatography analysis, the total, sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances were 10.75 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 65.6%), 7.80 (CV = 55.8%), 2.84 (CV = 33.7%), and 0.11 (CV = 6.6%), respectively. The total variance for sampling, sample preparation, and analytical were 73, 26, and 1%, respectively.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluated the susceptibility of M. bovis isolates towards streptomycin, isoniazide, rifampicin, ethambutol, and ethionamide, the first line antibiotics for human Tb and found none were resistant to any of the antibiotics used.
Abstract: Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from cattle to humans has been reported and can cause tuberculosis (Tb) and a problem in certain risk populations. Therefore, knowledge of resistance of M. bovis towards antibiotics used for therapy of human Tb could help avoiding cure delay and treatment cost increase when dealing with drug resistant organisms. We therefore evaluated the susceptibility of M. bovis isolates towards streptomycin, isoniazide, rifampicin, ethambutol, and ethionamide, the first line antibiotics for human Tb. Therefore, 185 clinical samples from cattle with clinical signs of tuberculosis were processed and submitted to culturing and bacterial isolates to identification and drug susceptibility testing using the proportion method. Among 89 mycobacterial strains, 65 were identified as M. bovis and none were resistant to any of the antibiotics used. Confirmation of present results by future studies, enrolling a large number of isolates and designed to properly represent Brazilian regions, may favor the idea of using isoniazide preventive therapy as part of a Tb control strategy in special situations. Also, nucleic acids from bacterial isolates were submitted to rifoligotyping, a recently described reverse hybridization assay for detection of mutations causing resistance towards rifampicin. Concordance between the conventional and the molecular test was 100%, demonstrating the use of such methodology for rapid evaluation of drug susceptibility in M. bovis.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prevalence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi latu sensu was investigated in dogs from rural areas of seven towns of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and no positive correlation between the ticks parasitism and positive serology was found.
Abstract: The prevalence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi latu sensu was investigated in dogs from rural areas of seven towns of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All dogs were also examined for the presence of ticks. From the 199 dogs, 15.58% were seropositive, with titers that ranged from 400 (13.57%) to 1600 (0.5%). The positive cases were equally distributed among the seven studied towns. No differences (P > 0.05) were found among the age groups of over six months old. Ticks were found and collected from 71 (35.68%) dogs. From this total, 24.12% were infested with Amblyomma cajennense, 13.6% with Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 2.5% with Amblyomma aureolatum and 1.5% with Amblyomma ovale. Amblyomma cajennense was found in 38.7% and R. sanguineus in 22.6% of the dogs with B. burgdorferi antibodies, although no positive correlation between the ticks parasitism and positive serology was found.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methodology used to simulate O. oryzae larval root damage is applicable for researching genetic resistance to the insect, mainly to identify irrigated rice genotypes.
Abstract: Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima, 1936) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most damaging insect in flooded rice in the South Region of Brazil. Its damage to rice plants is caused primarily by larval pruning of the root system. Two field experiments were conducted to simulate the larval damage, testing an equipment whose main part is a U form metal blade, with 6cm of width and 8cm of length, to cut the roots. The roots of cultivars, with biological early cycle and susceptibles to O. oryzae (BR-Irga 414 and Bluebelle) and with medium cycle and resistants (BR-Irga 410 and Dawn), were submitted to (1) artificial cutting by the simulator equipment, (2) natural cutting by larvae and (3) without artificial or natural cutting, protected by insecticide. The simulation was done during the rice plants vegetative phase at 31 days after permanent flood, when the larval population peak occurs. For evaluation were determined data related to weight, volume and length of roots (soon after simulation and plants booting phase), larval population on natural damaged plants and grain yield. It was observed that soon after simulation, in all cultivars, the root damage rates induced by the simulator equipment were similar to those caused by natural larval cutting. At the booting phase, also the root system recovery rates of the plants submitted to natural or artificial damage were similar. The medium cycle cultivars showed significantly higher root recovery and lower yield reduction, after both root damage types, corroborating with their higher resistance degree to O. oryzae. It was concluded that the methodology used to simulate O. oryzae larval root damage is applicable for researching genetic resistance to the insect, mainly to identify irrigated rice genotypes.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Twelve commercial vaccines against clostridiosis commercialized in Brazil which have in their composition Clostridium sordellii were evaluated for efficacy, and one vaccine, codified as T10, after being retested was considered efficient.
Abstract: Twelve commercial vaccines against clostridiosis commercialized in Brazil which have in their composition Clostridium sordellii were evaluated for efficacy. A standard monovalent bacterin was used as a reference test. Two of the tested vaccines (16.6%), codified as T6 and T8, gave the same results as the standard bacterin, protecting all the challenged animals. One vaccine (8.3%), codified as T10, after being retested was considered efficient. The remaining vaccines (75%), codified as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T7, T9, T11 and T12, were considered inefficient.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the pearl millet IAPAR-IA98301 can be included in starting pig diets until 60%, and did not influence on daily feed intake, average daily gain, feed:gain ratio and cost in diet per kilogram of pig produced during the initial phase.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) utilization on feeding of initial pigs (15-30kg of body weight). A performance trial was conducted by using 48 crossbred pigs (a half barrows and a half females) with initial weight of 14.93 + 2.01kg with the use of IAPAR-IA98301 species of pearl millet (DM 90.61%; CP 11.64%; Ca 0.05%; P 0.29% and 3,182 kcal DE kg-1). A randomized blocks designwas used, with four treatments (0; 20; 40 and 60% of pearl millet inclusion), with six repetitions and two animals per experimental unit. The pearl millet inclusion on starting pigs diets did not influence on daily feed intake, average daily gain, feed:gain ratio and cost in diet per kilogram of pig produced during the initial phase. The results, suggest that the pearl millet IAPAR-IA98301 can be included in starting pig diets until 60%.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated and validated chromatographic methodologies for the determination of caffeine, furfural, 5-HMF, saccharin, sodium benzoate glucose, fructose, acid citric and acid ascorbic.
Abstract: In this work methodologies chromatographic have been evaluated and validated for the determination of caffeine, furfural, 5-HMF, saccharin, sodium benzoate glucose, fructose, acid citric and acid ascorbic in different food products of Ceara State, Brazil. The study has been evidenced that 66% of the cajuinas, present low quality because of the process of heating, and 12% of the soft drinks presented content of sodium benzoate above the limit tolerated by Brazilian legislation and 29% of the soft drinks illegal saccharin addition. The methodologies were validated in function of the precision, experimental recovery, linearity of the analytical curves, limit of detection and quantification for each compound studied. The precision (R.S.D%) of the determination of each compound varied of 2.85 to 8.35 % and recovery was between 95,1 to 105,5 %. The linearity of the analytical curves were satisfactory with coefficients of correlation greater than 0.990. The limit of detection and quantification of each compound were obtained in level of µg/L.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a trabalho avaliar a capacidade combinatoria de linhagens-elite of pimentao (Capsicum annuum L.) and estudar os tipos de acao genica envolvidos no controle de alguns dos caracteres de importância economica, is presented.
Abstract: Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a capacidade combinatoria de linhagens-elite de pimentao (Capsicum annuum L.) e estudar os tipos de acao genica envolvidos no controle de alguns dos caracteres de importância economica, na tentativa de se identificar linhagens com potencial de originar hibridos competitivos com os atualmente plantados em escala comercial. O ensaio foi constituido de 30 hibridos, dos quais: (a) 18 obtidos num esquema dialelico Norte Carolina II, a partir do cruzamento de dois grupos de genitores [grupo I - genitores femininos: L-005, PIM-013, PIM-014, Magda, PIX-021G_0818pl#01 e PIX-022E31pl#14; grupo II - genitores masculinos L-004, L-006 e MYR-29]; (b) cinco hibridos adicionais F1(Hercules x L-004), F1(Itapetininga x L-004), F1(L-3509 Frutos amarelos x L-004), F1(PIX-021F0818 x L-006) e F1(PIX-023E39 x L-006); (c) tres hibridos entre os testadores F1(L-006 x L-004), F1(MYR-29 x L-004) e F1(MYR-29 x L-006); (d) quatro hibridos comerciais (Magali R, Magali, Fortuna Super e Atenas). Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 4 repeticoes. Avaliaram-se os seguintes caracteres: producao total, peso medio de frutos da producao total, producao precoce, comprimento de frutos, estrias nos frutos, profundidade de insercao do pedunculo e altura de plantas. Houve predominio dos efeitos genicos aditivos para todas as caracteristicas avaliadas, com excecao da producao total de frutos, em que os efeitos genicos nao-aditivos foram tambem importantes. Considerando os efeitos genicos aditivos e nao-aditivos conjuntamente, as melhores combinacoes foram F1(PIM-013 x MYR-29) e F1(PIX-022E31pl#14 x MYR-29), tanto para producao quanto para caracteres do fruto.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on "Royal Gala" apples stored in refrigerated air and controlled atmosphere were evaluated. But the results were limited to apples harvested at two ripeness stages and treated with two concentrations 625 and 1250 nL.
Abstract: In the present work were evaluated the effects of 1-MCP on 'Royal Gala' apples stored in refrigerated air and controlled atmosphere. 'Royal Gala' apples were harvested at two ripeness stages and treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) using two concentrations 625 and 1250 nL.L-1 which were applied during 48 hours at temperature of 20 ± 2 oC. The control fruit was only kept in air. After the treatments the apples were stored in either controlled atmosphere 2,1 to 2,3 kPa CO2, 1,8 to 2,0 kPa O2 and 95 ± 0,5 % of relative humidity for 9 months at 0 ± 0,5 oC or in refrigerated air storage at 0,5 ± 0,5 oC and 95 ± 0,5 % of relative humidity, for 8 months. The 1-MCP applications on apples in both storages and ripening stages reduced dramatically the ethylene production. Pulp firmness losses and titratable acidity were also significanthy higher compared to control fruit.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a metodologia empregada foi a recomendada pelo setor aguardenteiro and as analises quimicas dos componentes secundarios foram realizadas by cromatografia gasosa e espectrofotometria.
Abstract: O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adicao de lecitina aos mostos de cana, laranja e uva sobre o rendimento e composicao das aguardentes. O delineamento empregado para a analise estatistica foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2x3, empregando-se dois fatores - lecitina e mosto - em dois niveis para lecitina: ausencia (indice um) e presenca (indice dois); e em tres niveis para mosto: cana, laranja e uva. A metodologia empregada foi a recomendada pelo setor aguardenteiro e as analises quimicas dos componentes secundarios foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa e espectrofotometria. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que quando se adiciona lecitina aos mostos de cana, laranja e uva, o vinho obtido apos a fermentacao tem maior concentracao de glicerol, e as aguardentes produzidas pela destilacao tem maior concentracao de isobutanol. Ja nos mostos em que foi adicionada a lecitina, o rendimento alcoolico total das aguardentes foi menor do que nos mostos que nao a recebeu. Os componentes secundarios acetaldeido, acetato de etila e acidez total aumentaram com o aumento da acidez nos vinhos. Por outro lado, o propanol, isobutanol e alcool isoamilico aumentaram com os aumentos dos pH e das concentracoes nos mostos, dos aminoacidos treonina, valina e leucina. A concentracao do furfural foi maior nas aguardentes provenientes dos mostos de cana e laranja.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All the fungicides and their doses used were efficient in controlling helmintosporiose leaf spot, except for their respective check-treatments (control treatments).
Abstract: Avaliou-se a eficacia de fungicidas para o controle da helmintosporiose (Bipolaris incurvata) do coqueiro, em condicoes de campo. O experimento foi conduzido em Ocaucu - SP, em plantas com 8 meses de idade. Foram realizadas tres pulverizacoes com intervalo quinzenal, utilizando-se de 600 litros de calda/ha, com os ingredientes ativos: prothioconazole (0,100 e 0,150 L/ha), tebuconazole (0,150 e 0,200 L/ha) e propiconazole (0,125 e 0,250 L/ha). A primeira pulverizacao foi realizada em plantas com sintomas foliares da doenca, de modo que todas as plantas avaliadas tinham as folhas velhas como fonte de inoculo. O controle proporcionado pelos ingredientes ativos, foi avaliado em folhas jovens que, sob condicoes climaticas favoraveis, foram suscetiveis ao ataque do patogeno. Constatou-se que todos os fungicidas e doses utilizados foram eficientes no controle da helmintosporiose (Bipolaris incurvata).

Patent
21 Feb 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible shaft element is threaded through a locking plate fitted to the movable part of the window/door to limit the amount of opening, and a widened end to the flexible element is used to close the gap.
Abstract: A safety catch for a door or window has a flexible shaft element (20) Secured to a mounting plate (4) and fitted to a fixed mounting. The flexible shaft is threaded through a locking plate (3) fitted to the movable part of the window/door to limit the amount of opening. The window/door opening is limited by a widened end to the flexible element.

Patent
07 Jun 2004
TL;DR: In this article, an arrangement for injection molding and packing teats, consisting of a housing (5) in which clean conditions can be achieved, an injection moulding machine (1), a transport unit in the housing, and a packing machine (4), is described.
Abstract: An arrangement for injection moulding and packing teats, comprises a housing (5) in which clean conditions can be achieved, an injection moulding machine (1) in the housing, a transport unit in the housing, and a packing machine (4). The injection moulding machine is a multi-component machine and is located on rails (6). The machine can be transported using a robot. The packing machine is a blister machine, and is supplied with a film material.

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Sep 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, a pele do espaco interdigital, em cinco-femeas bovinas da raca Girolando, apresentou inflamacao seguida de fistulacao.
Abstract: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as caracteristicas histopatologicas da pele do espaco interdigital, em cincofemeas bovinas da raca Girolando, apresentando inflamacao seguida de fistulacao. O experimento foi realizado no periodo denovembro de 1998 a dezembro de 1999, na Escola de Veterinaria da Universidade Federal de Goias (EV/UFG), utilizandobovinos procedentes de tres propriedades rurais do estado de Goias, criados extensivamente. Os animais foram clinicamenteexaminados nas propriedades de origem, para a identificacao do estagio da doenca e, em seguida, encaminhados para olocal do experimento. Ao detectar a presenca de fistula, as observacoes clinicas foram interrompidas e, aproximadamente 12horas apos realizou-se a biopsia na pele do espaco interdigital dos membros doentes e saudaveis. As tecnicas utilizadas nacoloracao dos fragmentos para a histopatologia foram: hematoxilina e eosina, vermelho congo, azul de toluidina modificado,Gomori, Gram e Acido Periodico de Schiff (PAS) modificado. A biopsia do espaco interdigital apresentou na epiderme presencade globulos de queratina, acantose e espongiose. Na derme foi observado infiltrado inflamatorio predominantementemononuclear com tendencia a formar granuloma e pouca quantidade de mastocitos, nao sendo visualizada a presenca defungos. Os achados analisados em conjunto mostram uma inflamacao localizada, que e histopatologicamente de caratercronico, apesar dos sinais clinicos da doenca serem agudos ou que e uma resposta inflamatoria diferenciada, possivelmentedesencadeada por um agente especifico.

Patent
30 Dec 2004
TL;DR: Verfahren zum Herstellen von Saugern, bei dem unter Reinraumbedingungen Sauger spritzgegossen und keimfrei verpackt werden.
Abstract: Verfahren zum Herstellen von Saugern, bei dem unter Reinraumbedingungen Sauger spritzgegossen und keimfrei verpackt werden.