Showing papers by "Ministry of Agriculture published in 2021"
••
TL;DR: The sub-region of West and Central Africa seems to be divided into countries which have accepted the challenge to eliminate rabies with governments committed to pushing forward rabies elimination, while other countries have achieved some progress, but elimination efforts remain stuck due to lacking government commitment and financial constraints.
31 citations
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors comprehensively reviewed and evaluated the effects of iron-based additive on dark fermentation (DF) and discussed potential mechanisms, including altering metabolic pathways, improving activities of microbes and enzymes, promoting electron delivery, and enriching hydrogen-producing bacteria.
21 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared pulps of two species of organic dragon fruits, Hylocereus undatus and Hylocreus polyrhizus, grown at the same edaphoclimatic conditions in terms of bioactive compounds and physicochemical aspects.
Abstract: This study aimed to characterize and compare pulps of two species of organic dragon fruits, Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus, grown at the same edaphoclimatic conditions in terms of bioactive compounds and physicochemical aspects. No significant differences were observed between purple and white pulps concerning moisture, ascorbic acid concentration, and DPPH-assay antioxidant activity. Purple pulp demonstrated higher values for pH, Folin-Ciocalteau reducing capacity, and FRAP-assay antioxidant activity, lower acidity, and expressive total betalain content, suggesting higher bioactive potential. The main phenolic compounds identified in purple pulp were rutin, hesperidin, ferulic, and sinapic acids, while the white one was rich in chlorogenic acid. The major organic acids identified in both pulps were malic, citric, formic, pipecolic, and ascorbic. Pipecolic acid was detected in both, although more predominant in purple pulp, in remarkable concentrations, being the first report of it in the Cactaceae family. The found results indicate potential bioactivity, contributing to confirm the status of superfruit of these exotic fruits.
18 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, data sets from different sources were combined using a data fusion approach to produce a spatial and temporal variation of contaminants presents in water from Lake Guaiba (29°55'-30°24' S; 51°01'-51°20' W).
13 citations
••
TL;DR: The authors in this paper evaluated the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of 20 strains of S. heidelberg (SH) isolated from broilers produced in southern Brazil and found that the similarity and presence of genetic determinants linked to virulence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and in silico-predicted metabolic interactions revealed this serovar as a threat to public health.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of 20 strains of S. Heidelberg (SH) isolated from broilers produced in southern Brazil. The similarity and presence of genetic determinants linked to virulence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and in silico-predicted metabolic interactions revealed this serovar as a threat to public health. The presence of the ompC, invA, sodC, avrA, lpfA, and agfA genes was detected in 100% of the strains and the luxS gene in 70% of them. None of the strains carries the bla SHV, mcr-1, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes. All strains showed a multidrug-resistant profile to at least three non-β-lactam drugs, which include colistin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Resistance to penicillin, ceftriaxone (90%), meropenem (25%), and cefoxitin (25%) were associated with the presence of bla CTX-M and bla CMY-2 genes. Biofilm formation reached a mature stage at 25 and 37°C, especially with chicken juice (CJ) addition. The sodium hypochlorite 1% was the least efficient in controlling the sessile cells. Genomic analysis of two strains identified more than 100 virulence genes and the presence of resistance to 24 classes of antibiotics correlated to phenotypic tests. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction shows two metabolic pathways correlation with biofilm formation. Virulence, resistance, and biofilm determinants must be constant monitoring in SH, due to the possibility of occurring infections extremely difficult to cure and due risk of the maintenance of the bacterium in production environments.
12 citations
••
12 citations
••
TL;DR: A survey of the literature produced on various models of cacao-AFS was carried out, with an emphasis on farming system design, productivity, profitability, stability, employment and sustainability as mentioned in this paper.
11 citations
••
TL;DR: The authors investigated the effect of different fermentation times of dough made with whole wheat flour (WWF) added with yerba mate (YM), and the effect on rheological behavior, release of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity.
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of different fermentation times of dough made with whole wheat flour (WWF) added with yerba mate (YM), and the effect on rheological behavior, release of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Three treatments were evaluated: YM1 (2.5%; w/w), YM2 (4.5%; w/w), and the control sample (0%). The dough fermentative behavior showed an alteration in CO2 production, and dough volume was reduced in the presence of YM. The addition of YM, together with the fermentation process, increased the free, bound, and total phenolic content, as well as the antioxidant activity of the dough. The addition of 4.5% of YM showed higher content for free phenolic compounds on the dough after the fermentation. 26 phenolic compounds were identified in the dough samples. Rutin was the main compound in doughs with YM, comprising 79% and 61% of total phenolic content of YM2 and YM1, respectively. The phenolic profile demonstrated that fermentation times of 30 and 60 min released greater amounts of compounds in the three studied doughs, mostly caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, isoquercetin, and rutin. These results suggest that the dough fermentation process may be a determining factor for the release of phenolic compounds.
11 citations
••
TL;DR: Three genes were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated in the susceptible and resistant material, respectively, after inoculation, which may indicate their crucial roles in resistance to clubroot disease.
10 citations
••
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel pressurized liquid extraction based on hard cap espresso machine followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked bacon.
8 citations
••
TL;DR: The use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals can lead to increased bacterial resistance, and important information to address this problem can be provided by monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens.
Abstract: The use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals can lead to increased bacterial resistance. Important information to address this problem can be provided by monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. As part of preliminary activities for the implementation of AMR surveillance in Brazil, a nationwide survey on AMR in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat was conducted. The survey evaluated 146 Salmonella isolates from poultry meat in 2014, and 163 isolates obtained in 2017. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 13 antimicrobials were determined by broth microdilution, and isolates were assigned to serotypes by automated ribotyping. High resistance rates were found in 2014 and 2017, in particular to nalidixic acid (84/146, 57.5% and 141/163, 86.5%, respectively), ampicillin (82/146, 56.2% and 125/163, 76.7%), cefotaxime (76/146, 52.1% and 124/163, 76.1%), ceftazidime (73/146, 50.0% and 124/163, 76.1%), ciprofloxacin (83/146, 56.9% and 145/163, 89.0%) and tetracycline (88/146, 60.3% and 135/163, 82.8%). There was a significant increase in resistance to these antibiotics in the second survey period. Salmonella ser. Heidelberg and Salmonella ser. Minnesota were the main serotypes expressing resistance to these antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was found in 50.7% (74/146) of the isolates from 2014, and in 77.3% (126/163) of isolates from 2017 (P < 0.05). None of the isolates was resistant to azithromycin or meropenem. These findings indicate high and increasing rates of resistance among Salmonella from poultry meat in Brazil, mainly associated with Salmonella ser. Heidelberg and Salmonella ser. Minnesota, stressing the importance of continuous monitoring of AMR in the poultry chain.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the primary inoculum of the pathogen recorded in March was detected in overwintered mummified fruits, ground mummies, and necrotic twigs and was a function of the average temperature of the previous three months.
Abstract: Cherry brown rot caused by Monilinialaxa was observed and estimated in organic cherry orchard located in the Jerte Valley between 2013 and 2018 (Caceres, Spain). Climatic variables were collected from this orchard and also from a nearby weather station. The primary inoculum of the pathogen recorded in March was detected in overwintered mummified fruits, ground mummies, and necrotic twigs and was a function of the average temperature of the previous three months (December, January, and February). The first symptoms of brown rot could be observed on flowers until fruit set in April. The months of March and April were identified as the critical period for cherry brown-rot development. A significant positive correlation was identified between brown rot observed at harvest and the mean number of consecutive days in each fortnight of March and April when the percent relative humidity was above 80%. Brown-rot incidence observed over the 6 years ranged from 0 to 38%. More than 11 days with relative humidity >80% in each fortnight of critical period would mean 100% of cherry brown rot at harvest. A forecasting model could be used to predict brown rot infection in Jerte Valley cherries.
••
TL;DR: The decision tree analysis identified residual infections and interactions with wildlife as the most frequent causes of breakdowns, followed by purchasing infected cattle, which were not supported by VOs' opinions.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess the most likely causes of Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdowns in Spanish cattle herds and to identify the main risk factors at farm-level. METHODS: Causes of bTB breakdowns were assessed through a qualitative risk-assessment based on decision-trees by analysing surveillance data from 3819 bTB breakdowns detected during 2014-2016. Results were compared to veterinary officers' (VO) opinions. Risk factors were identified through a case-control study with data from 196 bTB cases and 160 controls collected during 2014-2018. RESULTS: The decision tree analysis identified residual infections and interactions with wildlife as the most frequent causes of breakdowns (36% each), followed by purchasing infected cattle (14%). These results were not supported by VOs' opinions. According to the regression models, the risk of bTB increased by sharing pastures (odds ratios [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-4.4) and by increasing inwards cattle movements. The presence of wildlife reservoirs represented a significant risk for extensively-managed farms if other cattle farms are situated within a one-kilometre radius (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.1-5.1). DISCUSSION: To prevent bTB breakdowns, efforts should be devoted to decrease the likelihood of residual infections and improve farm biosecurity. The adoption of biosecurity measures might be influenced by farmers' perceptions, which should be carefully evaluated to ensure the effectiveness of such strategies.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the results of an irrigation experiment with the main objective of evaluating time-lapse inversion of electromagnetic induction (EMI) data and hydrological modelling in field assessment of soil salinity dynamics.
Abstract: . Irrigated agriculture is threatened by soil salinity in numerous arid and semi-arid areas of the
world, chiefly caused by the use of highly salinity irrigation water, compounded by excessive
evapotranspiration. Given this threat, efficient field assessment methods are needed to monitor
the dynamics of soil salinity in salt-affected irrigated lands and evaluate the performance of
management strategies. In this study, we report on the results of an irrigation experiment with
the main objective of evaluating time-lapse inversion of electromagnetic induction (EMI) data and
hydrological modelling in field assessment of soil salinity dynamics. Four experimental plots were
established and irrigated 12 times during a 2-month period, with water at four different
salinity levels (1, 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1 ) using a drip irrigation system. Time-lapse
apparent electrical conductivity ( σa ) data were collected four times during the
experiment period using the CMD Mini-Explorer. Prior to inversion of time-lapse
σa data, a numerical experiment was performed by 2D simulations of the water
and solute infiltration and redistribution process in synthetic transects, generated by using the
statistical distribution of the hydraulic properties in the study area. These simulations gave
known spatio-temporal distribution of water contents and solute concentrations and thus of bulk
electrical conductivity ( σb ), which in turn were used to obtain known
structures of apparent electrical conductivity, σa . These synthetic
distributions were used for a preliminary understanding of how the physical context may influence
the EMI-based σa readings carried out in the monitored transects as well as being used to
optimize the smoothing parameter to be used in the inversion of σa
readings. With this prior information at hand, we inverted the time-lapse field
σa data and interpreted the results in terms of concentration distributions
over time. The proposed approach, using preliminary hydrological simulations to understand the
potential role of the variability of the physical system to be monitored by EMI, may actually
allow for a better choice of the inversion parameters and interpretation of EMI readings, thus
increasing the potentiality of using the electromagnetic induction technique for rapid and
non-invasive investigation of spatio-temporal variability in soil salinity over large areas.
••
TL;DR: The physicochemical characteristics, including mineral and phenolic composition, and the scavenging, reducing, and antimicrobial proprieties of bracatinga honeydew honey (bhh) from five different geographical locations, were investigated in this paper.
Abstract: Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Bentham) honeydew honey is a Brazilian dark honey in increasing international appreciation. In this sense, the knowledge of its composition and potential biological properties becomes indispensable. In the present study, the physicochemical characteristics, including mineral and phenolic composition, and the scavenging, reducing, and antimicrobial proprieties of bracatinga honeydew honey (bhh) from five different geographical locations, were investigated. Bhh proved to be a potential functional food due to its high content of minerals (up to 6395 mg kg−1) and phenolic compounds (up to 2393 µg 100 g−1) and high scavenging and reducing activities. High antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 10 to 60%, were also found. Additionally, through principal component analysis, partial discrimination of bhh was observed according to the geographical location, which favored the separation of samples from Lages, and mainly due to the presence of nectar in this honey, which was proposed for the samples from Bom Retiro.
••
TL;DR: The validated method is reliable and easy to apply for mycotoxin and pesticide determination in complex matrices in beer-related matrices and meets the legislation requirements.
Abstract: A multiclass analytical method to determine pesticides and mycotoxins in beer-related matrices based on the dilute and shoot approach was optimized and validated according to the European guidelines SANTE/12682/2019 and EC/401/2006. Extraction used acidified acetonitrile at 1% (v/v) acetic acid, followed by horizontal shaking homogenization, centrifugation, freeze-out step for cleanup, another centrifugation, and injection into a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Linearity, detection and quantification limits, accuracy, and measurement uncertainty were evaluated, and 201, 184, and 176 analytes were validated for malt, beer, and brewers' spent grain, respectively. The limits of quantification ranged between 1 and 200 μg kg-1 and between 5 and 1000 μg kg-1 for beer and malt, respectively, and expanded uncertainties ranged between 9.7 and 50%, meeting the legislation requirements. A total of 40 samples have been analyzed thus far, and 36 of them exhibited the presence of some of the analyzed substances. The validated method is reliable and easy to apply for mycotoxin and pesticide determination in complex matrices.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify Cabo Verde's CWR from the Poaceae family and provide a checklist of priority CWR taxa, highlighting those of particular conservation concern and the areas which should be the focus of the most intensive conservation efforts in these islands.
Abstract: Africa is home to important centers of origin and diversity of crop wild relatives (CWR), including many species adapted to adverse agroecological conditions, namely drought and poor soils. Plant genetic resources from Cabo Verde Islands have been poorly explored for their potential to supplement the genetic pool of cultivated species. In this paper we identify Cabo Verde's CWR from the Poaceae family and provide a checklist of priority CWR taxa, highlighting those of particular conservation concern and the areas which should be the focus of the most intensive conservation efforts in these islands. Our results revealed that Cabo Verde archipelago is an important center of CWR diversity of West African crop millets, namely fonio (e.g., white fonio, Digitaria exilis, and black fonio, Digitaria iburua) and other African millets [e.g., pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus = Pennisetum glaucum), teff millet (Eragrostis tef), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), barnyard millet (Echinochloa colona), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica)], which represent a diverse group of cereal crops, and important components in agriculture and food security of this country. Also, hotspot areas of diversity for in situ conservation were identified in Cabo Verde, as well as several populations occurring under extreme habitats conditions that are well adapted to drylands and poor soils. The evaluation of their potential for new ecologically important adaptive characteristics associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses is discussed. The survey of international Germplasm Banks revealed that very few accessions from Cabo Verde are conserved, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity of plant genetic resources in this archipelago. Particularly, the diversity of millets and the associated indigenous knowledge are critical for the food security and cultural identity of many poor farmers in Cabo Verde.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the impacts of biogas production implemented by family farmers organized in a cooperative agroenergy condominium were assessed through field observations and queries to the farmers, and impact indices were calculated for a set of seven characterization aspects (technological efficiency, environmental quality, productive process, employment, income, health, and management, and administration), integrated in 23 criteria and 123 indicators.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of biogas production implemented by family farmers organized in a cooperative agroenergy condominium. Evidences of changes in socioenvironmental performance were obtained through field observations and queries to the farmers. Observed ‘change coefficients’ were inserted into multicriteria indicators, weighted by their spatial scale of occurrence in the rural establishments, and impact indices were calculated for a set of seven characterization aspects (technological efficiency, environmental quality, productive process, employment, income, health, and management, and administration), integrated in 23 criteria and 123 indicators. The resulting impact indices of the implementation of the cooperative agroenergy condominium pointed out to positive performances in most of the criteria, with occasional transitory negative indices in specific indicators, related to farmers' particular contexts. Statistically significant positive results were obtained for seven of the ten Ecological impact criteria, as follows (i) use of agricultural inputs and resources; (ii) energy consumption; (iii) self-generation, utilization, reuse, and autonomy in the agricultural area; (iv) energy security; (v) emissions to the atmosphere; (vi) soil quality, and (vii) water quality. In the Socioenvironmental impacts dimension, statistically significant positive results were found for the following criteria: (i) productivity; (ii) productive integration in the concept of biorefinery/Ecopark; (iii) training; (iv) qualification and availability of work; (v) income generation; (vi) waste disposal, and (vii) institutional relationship. The agroenergy condominium contributed to reducing environmental impacts, promoting productive efficiency and improving income generation in the cooperating family farms.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the changes in physicochemical characteristics and content of carbohydrates, amino acids, aliphatic organic acids, minerals, and phenolic compounds in bracatinga honeydew honey (BHH) during its storage at room temperature over twenty-four months.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of sourdough fermentation in bread making, focussing mainly on reducing FODMAPs, were evaluated and the results showed a significant reduction of fructans, greater acidity, volume, and better performance during storage when compared to fermentation using only baker's yeast.
Abstract: This study focussed on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) screening for sourdough type II elaboration and evaluating the effects of sourdough fermentation in bread making, focussing mainly on reducing FODMAPs. After a technological performance screening, six strains (Levilactobacillus brevis, Weissella minor, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc citreum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Companilactobacillus farciminis) were selected for sourdough preparation. Total titratable acidity, pH, specific volume, and enumeration of microorganisms were carried out on sourdoughs, doughs, and breads. Breads were subjected to texture profile and colour analysis, moulds and yeast enumeration, and total fructans (main group of FODMAPs) quantification. Breads produced with sourdough showed a significant reduction of fructans, greater acidity, volume, and better performance during storage when compared to fermentation using only baker's yeast. Including specific cultures as starters in sourdough reduced fructans content by >92%, thereby producing a low FODMAP bread suitable for Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients with improved nutritional and technological properties.
••
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of Campylobacteriosis in chicken carcasses from slaughterhouses located in the states of Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in the South of Brazil was estimated.
Abstract: Campylobacteriosis has become common cause of diarrhea in humans and is associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Reactive Arthritis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome is caused mainly by contaminated food and water intake in which the majority occurs from manipulation, preparation and consumption of poultry meat. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses from slaughterhouses located in the states of Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in the South of Brazil. The samples were analyzed for Campylobacter enumeration using the ISO method 10272-2 and the species C. jejuni and C. coli, important for public health, were identified through Maldi-TOF mass spectrometry. From July 2017 to July 2018, 816 samples were analyzed, indicating the prevalence of 35.84%, with higher occurrence of C. jejuni (78.47%). No difference in prevalence was observed in relation to the size of the slaughterhouses. However, significant differences were noted among the three states in the southern region of the country, with the lowest prevalence being observed in Parana. The results reinforce the need to advance in the implementation of strategies to control this pathogen in the country, in order to safeguard consumer's health and contribute for the maintenance of Brazil's position in the international poultry meat market.
••
TL;DR: It is suggested that TSH1188 cacao pods have structural and biochemical mechanisms which may hinder/delay the infection of M. perniciosa.
••
TL;DR: The first case of WNV infection in a horse from Ceara state and the complete genome sequence of an isolate from Espirito Santo state were reported in 2019 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected, in 2018, in horses with neurological disease. AIM: We report the first case of WNV infection in a horse from Ceara state and the complete genome sequence of an isolate from Espirito Santo state. Both infections occurred in 2019. METHODS: WNV was isolated from the tissues of a horse with neurological signs in Espirito Santo and sequenced by MiSeq. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to lineage 1a, clustering with the NY99 strain, a strain that has not circulated in the USA since 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that WNV has been silently circulating in Brazil for many years.
••
TL;DR: There is a large room for improving yield along the production chain of aquaculture and some recommendations of standardizing and improving meta-analysis in Aquaculture were proposed.
••
TL;DR: Results show that the adaptation of M. perniciosa towards Scavina´s sources is organ-specific, i.e., to flower cushions, and the effect of this on quantitative pathogen traits was also observed.
••
10 Aug 2021TL;DR: A horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceara, northeast Brazil as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In June 2019, a horse with neurological disorder was diagnosed with West Nile virus (WNV) in Boa Viagem, a municipality in the state of Ceara, northeast Brazil. A multi-institutional task force coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was deployed to the area for case investigation. A total of 513 biological samples from 78 humans, 157 domestic animals and 278 free-ranging wild birds, as well as 853 adult mosquitoes of 22 species were tested for WNV by highly specific serological and/or molecular tests. No active circulation of WNV was detected in vertebrates or mosquitoes by molecular methods. Previous exposure to WNV was confirmed by seroconversion in domestic birds and by the detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in 44% (11/25) of equids, 20.9% (14/67) of domestic birds, 4.7% (13/278) of free-ranging wild birds, 2.6% (2/78) of humans, and 1.5% (1/65) of small ruminants. Results indicate that not only equines but also humans and different species of domestic animals and wild birds were locally exposed to WNV. The detection of neutralizing antibodies for WNV in free-ranging individuals of abundant passerine species suggests that birds commonly found in the region may have been involved as amplifying hosts in local transmission cycles of WNV.
••
15 Jul 2021-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: In this paper, the determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) by LC-MS/MS in honeys, pollen, and Senecio brasiliensis (Asteraceae) samples, all from Santa Catarina state, Brazil, was presented.
Abstract: This article presents the determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) by LC-MS/MS in honeys, pollen, and Senecio brasiliensis (Asteraceae) samples, all from Santa Catarina state, Brazil. I...
••
TL;DR: This study monitored the development of clinical symptoms in animals naturally infected with B. mallei across different equine breeds and also isolated and characterized the disease-causing bacteria.
Abstract: Glanders is an infectious and often lethal zoonotic disease of equines caused by the bacterium, Burkholderia mallei. This condition is characterized by respiratory, lymphatic, and cutaneous lesions. In this study, we monitored the development of clinical symptoms in animals naturally infected with B. mallei across different equine breeds and also isolated and characterized the disease-causing bacteria. We studied two official glanders outbreaks in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. During the outbreaks, we performed clinical and immunological follow-up of the animals, as well as euthanasia and anatomopathological examination. We also collected diagnostic materials for isolative, phenotypic, molecular, and biological testing. We did not observe any clinical patterns of glanders among animals infected with the same strain of B. mallei. Based on our results, we suggest that early diagnosis of infection should be made through highly sensitive and specific immunoassays. In asymptomatic but positive test cases, we confirmed the importance of conducting pathological, microbiological, and molecular examinations.
••
09 Feb 2021-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: Sugarcane yeast and brewer's yeast from ethanol production are widely used as ingredients of animal feed formulations in Brazil to avoid the contamination of the must in ethanol production refiner as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Sugarcane yeast and brewer’s yeast from ethanol production are widely used as ingredients of animal feed formulations in Brazil To avoid the contamination of the must in ethanol production refiner
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the association between milk lactose content and other milk constituents (protein and fat), somatic cell count (SCC), and total bacteria count (TBC) was valuated using a database of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from dairy farms in southern Brazil.