Ministry of Agriculture

About: Ministry of Agriculture is a government organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Chemistry & Salmonella. The organization has 1153 authors who have published 1189 publications receiving 14442 citations.

Milk quality parameters associated with the occurrence of veterinary drug residues in bulk tank milk

Abstract: Veterinary drug residues in bulk tank milk are important to all sectors of the dairy chain because they are one of the major factors which determine the safety of the final product. This study attempted to identify milk quality parameters that are associated with the occurrence of veterinary drug residues using multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 132 raw milk samples were collected from 45 dairy farms in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil and analyzed for 42 analytes, including pyrethroids, macrocyclic lactones and antibacterials, using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem mode and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Out of the 132 milk samples, 40 samples tested positive for at least one analyte (above the detection limit). The milk parameters associated with the antimicrobial residues by confirmatory tests were lactose and nonfat concentrations, as revealed by PCA. This analysis showed that fat and total solid concentrations, as well as the somatic cell and total bacteria counts were associated with macrocyclic lactone residues in bulk tank milk. A PCA assessing pyrethroid residues in bulk tank milk revealed that the lactose and nonfat solid concentrations and titratable acidity were inversely associated with these residues. Thus, the data analysis indicated that the veterinary drug residues were associated with certain milk quality parameters that can be used to target farms at higher risk of veterinary drug residue contamination for testing programs in combination with incentives, education and training programs to improve mammary health, milk hygiene and safety.

Níveis decrescentes de proteína em dietas suplementadas com complexo enzimático para coelhos em crescimento. 1. Desempenho produtivo

Abstract: The effects of decreasing levels of crude protein (CP) and enzymatic supplementation on production performance of growing rabbits were studied. In a completely randomized design 54 weaned New Zealand White rabbits were divided in four groups of 11 rabbits each and one group of 10 rabbits. The treatment groups fed on diets with 17, 16, 15 or 14% of CP supplemented with 0.05% of enzymatic complex (VEGPROO ) with cellulase and protease activities. The control group received a diet with 17% of CP without the enzymatic complex. The animals fed 14 and 15% CP diets showed better growth performance with a significant effect of the protein level (P<0.05) of the diet on final body weight, final metabolic body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, daily CP intake, and feed conversion. The reduction of CP level of the diet up to 14%, supplemented with enzymatic complex, and corrected to essential aminoacids levels, did not show negative effects on the evaluated traits.

Comportamento ingestivo de ovelhas submetidas ou não à restrição nutricional durante a gestação

Abstract: EnglishThis research was carried out in order to evaluate effects of pregnancy, fetus number and nutritional restriction on ingestive behavior of ewes. Were used 24 ewes of the breed Santa Ines evaluated at 90, 110 and 130 pregnancy days distributed among treatments according to fetus number. They received free or restricted diet, the last one with reduction of 15% of protein and energy requirements. Ewes were individually observed each five minutes for three days, being two periods of 24 h intercalated with 24 h of resting. During the observations was determinated the time spent in feeding, rumination, idle and chewing. Feed management did not influence time spent in feeding. In both pregnancy categories, at 90 days of pregnancy the animals spent less time in rumination and feeding. Ewes on nutritional restriction ruminate longer time and at 90 days of pregnancy spent less time ruminating. Ewes with twin fetus spent less time chewing than with single pregnancy. Pregnancy progress increased time spent to feeding, rumination ant chewing. Nutritional restriction increased idle time in ewes with one fetus. Ewes with single and twin pregnancy showed variable ingestive behavior at the studied phases. portuguesFoi avaliada a influencia da gestacao, do numero de fetos e da restricao nutricional no comportamento ingestivo de 24 ovelhas Santa Ines avaliadas aos 90, 110 e 130 dias de gestacao, divididas entre os tratamentos em funcao do numero de fetos. Essas receberam dietas a vontade ou restritas, sendo essa com reducao de 15% nos requisitos de proteina e energia. As ovelhas foram observadas individualmente, a cada 5 minutos, por 3 dias, sendo dois periodos de 24 h intercalado com 24 h de descanso. Durante as observacoes foram determinando os tempos gas- tos com ingestao, ruminacao, ocio e mastigacao. O manejo nutricional nao influenciou o tempo gasto com a ingestao. Em ambas as categorias de prenhez, aos 90 dias de gestacao, as ovelhas despenderam menos tempo para ingestao do ali- mento. Animais recebendo dieta restrita ruminaram mais tempo e aos 90 dias de gestacao despenderam menos tempo ruminando. Ovelhas gestantes de dois fetos gastaram menos tempo mastigando do que as de gestacao simples. O avanco da gestacao aumentou o tempo despendido com ingestao, ruminacao e mastigacao. A restricao nutricional aumentou o tempo em ocio de ovelhas com um feto. Animais gestantes de um e dois fetos apresentaram comportamento ingestivo variavel nas fases da gestacao estudadas.

Catalytic detection of cyanide through the benzoin condensation

Abstract: The well known benzoin condensation can be realized already with traces of cyanide. Based on this fact, and using the sensitive color reaction of benzoin with o-dinitrobenzene, a test for cyanide in alkaline solution was developed. When carried out as a spot reaction, an identification limit of 0.01μg cyanide is obtained.

Suction and chewing article for babies or small children

Abstract: The invention relates to a suction or chewing article for babies or small children comprising at least one mouthpiece made of a substantially elastomer material containing at least one elastomer component. According to said invention, the elastomer material contains at least one type of liquid crystal pigment (LC-pigment).