Ministry of Agriculture

About: Ministry of Agriculture is a government organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Chemistry & Salmonella. The organization has 1153 authors who have published 1189 publications receiving 14442 citations.

Diagnóstico de paratuberculose por biópsia retal em búfalos

Abstract: Foram realizadas biopsias retais de 140 bufalos, machos e femeas, das racas Murrah e mesticos de Murrah com Mediterrâneo, com idade acima de tres anos, em uma propriedade no municipio de Sao Mateus, Maranhao, Brasil. Adicionalmente foram realizadas necropsias de 11 bufalos, para realizar um estudo comparativo entre os achados das biopsias retais e de tecidos de ileo e linfonodo mesenterico. A propriedade apresentava historico de animais com emagrecimento progressivo e diarreia nao responsiva a antimicrobianos. Os bufalos apresentavam sinais clinicos caracterizados por diarreia, estado nutricional regular a ruim, desidratacao e edema submandibular. Nas biopsias retais seis bufalos apresentaram lesoes sugestivas da paratuberculose na Hematoxilina-Eosina (HE), sendo estas caracterizadas por inflamacao granulomatosa multifocal moderada na lâmina propria com macrofagos epitelioides. Em quatro animais foram observadas adicionalmente celulas gigantes do tipo Langhans. Em 15 bufalos foi observado infiltrado linfocitario multifocal leve na lâmina propria. Pela coloracao de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), 4,3% (6/140) apresentaram bacilos alcool-acido resistentes (BAAR) e na PCR em tempo real (qPCR), 5,71% (7/140) tiveram amplificacao do material genetico. Foram necropsiados 11 bufalos, a necropsia foram observados aumento de linfonodos mesentericos com areas esbranquicadas na superficie de corte; intestino delgado e grosso com dobras transversais evidentes, mucosa espessada e irregular, de aspecto reticulado, placas de Peyer evidentes e conteudo liquido e marrom. Ainda se viam areas espessadas em torno da valvula ileocecal e vasos linfaticos evidentes. As lesoes histologicas localizadas no intestino delgado e linfonodos mesentericos de quatro bufalos foram compativeis com lesoes ja descritas na literatura, e apresentaram BAAR e amplificacao de material genetico na qPCR. A concordância entre a biopsia retal e a analise dos tecidos de ileo e linfonodo mesenterico, segundo o teste Kappa (K=0,792), foi alta. A biopsia retal realizada demonstrou ser promissora e pode ser empregada, juntamente com outras tecnicas, para auxiliar no diagnostico ante mortem em bufalos de rebanhos com suspeita de paratuberculose; pela mesma foi possivel detectar animais positivos atraves da coloracao de ZN e qPCR. Os resultados obtidos podem ser utilizados no controle da enfermidade para selecionar e eliminar animais positivos do rebanho, diminuindo gradualmente, a disseminacao do agente no ambiente, e a consequente contaminacao de outros animais.

Associação entre teor de nitrogênio em cultivares de arroz e ataque de Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract: The rice water weevil Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most important pests in irrigated rice culture due to the damage caused by the larvae in the roots. The association between the nitrogen content and the O. oryzae damage was evaluated on BR IRGA 410, BRS Firmeza, Dawn and BRS Atalanta cultivars differentiated by the phenological development cycle and the insect resistance degree. The experiments were conducted under field conditions, with and without chance of host plant choice, at Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS. The following parameters were evaluated: number of damaged leaves, number and weight of larvae. The nitrogen content in the leaves and roots were evaluated at three different rice growth stages. The adult feeding of O. oryzae were stimulated by the content of nitrogen in the foliage of the plant. The cultivar Dawn was the only one to revover the nitrogen content, due to the presence of the smallest number of larvae and the largest development cycle in compare to other cultivars. The root damage caused by O. oryzae larvae decreased the nitrogen content, and consequently reduced the rice yield.

Património edáfico da cultura do pessegueiro na região da Beira Interior

Abstract: Peach orchards in the region of Beira Interior, Portugal, account for 23% of the total Portuguese area of peach trees and 16% of the region fruit crops. The aim of this study is the characterization of the soil of peach orchards by utilizing the data of soils analysis supplied by the farmers’organization of integrated protection and integrated production (AAPIM, APPIZEZERE and Cooperativa dos Fruticultores da Cova da Beira). The total of 117 soil analysis available corresponds to 463 ha of peach production which represent 1/3 of the total area of peach production in the region (1500 ha). The main results show that soil have a coarse texture, are acid, with low organic mater but high content of phosphorus and potassium.

Molecular Phylogeny of Suid Herpesvirus 1

Abstract: Pseudorabies is a disease that significantly impacts the swine industry. This disease is caused by Suid Herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), which is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Herpesviridae family and the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily and exhibits a slow rate of genetic evolution. The aim of this study was to use both full and partial sequences of SuHV-1 genes available in GenBank to examine the evolution and divergence of viruses isolated in different parts of the world. Partial and complete sequences of SuHV-1 genes were obtained either from GenBank (i.e., us6, us7, us8, us9, ul14, ul49.5, and ul44) or from genetic sequencing of Brazilian SuHV-1 samples. The results of this study corroborate previous phylogenetic studies of SuHV-1 that demonstrated different evolutionary profiles of isolates from different parts of the globe, with a rapid genetic dispersion of Chinese isolates. All of the phylogenetic trees generated in this study demonstrated a large genetic distance between SuHV-1 isolates from the Western and Eastern regions of the world.