Ministry of Agriculture

About: Ministry of Agriculture is a government organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Chemistry & Salmonella. The organization has 1153 authors who have published 1189 publications receiving 14442 citations.

The epidemiology of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cattle faeces on pasture-fed farms

Abstract: Introduction. Antibiotic use, particularly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in dairy farming, has been associated with an increased incidence of AmpC-hyperproducing Escherichia coli.Gap statement. There is limited information on the incidence of AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli from seasonal pasture-fed dairy farms.Aim. We undertook a New Zealand wide cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of AmpC-producing E. coli carried by dairy cattle.Methodology. Paddock faeces were sampled from twenty-six dairy farms and were processed for the selective growth of both extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing E. coli. Whole genome sequence analysis was carried out on 35 AmpC-producing E. coli.Results. No ESBL- or plasmid mediated AmpC-producing E. coli were detected, but seven farms were positive for chromosomal mediated AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli. These seven farms were associated with a higher usage of injectable amoxicillin antibiotics. Whole genome sequence analysis of the AmpC-producing E. coli demonstrated that the same strain (<3 SNPs difference) of E. coli ST5729 was shared between cows on a single farm. Similarly, the same strain (≤15 SNPs difference) of E. coli ST8977 was shared across two farms (separated by approximately 425 km).Conclusion. These results infer that both cow-to-cow and farm-to-farm transmission of AmpC-producing E. coli has occurred.

Comportamento ingestivo de ovinos alimentados com cana-de-açúcar ensilada com óxido de cálcio ou ureia

Abstract: We evaluated the ingestive behavior of sheep fed sugar cane ensiled with urea or calcium oxide. We used 20 Santa Ines castrated lambs, distributed into a completely randomized design, housed in individual boxes. We used four treatments with calcium oxide (0.0, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4%) and urea (1.5%), both on natural materials. No difference was observed for intake in kg of DM and NDF/day. It was found that the feed in minutes/day and minute/kg of DM and NDF feeding and rumination were similar. There was a linear effect for chewing in hours/day and for resting in minutes/day, among doses of calcium oxide. The efficiency of feeding and rumination (g DM and NDF/hour) presented no significant effect. There was no difference in feeding, rumination and resting, number of periods/day, and feeding and rumination, for a period of time spent (minutes). However, there was increased linear effect for resting. The average intake/feeding period in kg DM and NDF did not show difference. Sugar cane silage with calcium oxide or urea provided to sheep does not affect the periods of feeding and rumination of the animals, as well as it decreases rumination and chewing and increases resting. KEYWORDS: eating; feeding efficiency; intake; rumination.