Ministry of Agriculture

About: Ministry of Agriculture is a government organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Chemistry & Salmonella. The organization has 1153 authors who have published 1189 publications receiving 14442 citations.

Social Network Analysis Applied to Knowledge Creation and Transfer in the Portuguese Agricultural R&D Field: an exploratory study*

Abstract: There is growing interest in the nature and scale of scientific collaboration regarding the processes involved with knowledge creation and sharing. One of the possible approaches to developing metrics for this area of research is based on the idea that co-authorship creates a social network of researchers. We present an exploratory study using a social network approach to examine the structure and pattern of knowledge creation and sharing within a Portuguese research community, working in the agricultural field, over the last seven years. The members of this community are with the Instituto Nacional da Investigacao Agraria (INIA) which recently became part of a newly created RD crops protection; eco-physiology, genetic resources and breeding; production technology; post-harvest technology; and agricultural economics, sociology and development. The study seeks to understand the evolutionary process and to analyse the network structure, showing how knowledge creation and transfer takes place within this unit. The identification of such networked co-authorship relationships may suggest ways to more effectively utilize knowledge capital and other resources. It is also expected that this approach could be used to analyse the remaining six INIA units.

Oilfield water treatment by electrocoagulation-reverse osmosis for agricultural use: effects on germination and early growth characteristics of sunflower

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effects of oilfield water (OW), treated by a hybrid process of electrocoagulation and reverse osmosis (EC–RO), on seed germination and early growth characteristics of sunflower (Heliantus annus L.). In the EC step, tests were conducted with 28.6 A m−2 current density and 4 min. reaction time. In the RO step, the system was operated with 1 L min−1 constant flow and 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa and 3 MPa feed pressures. In all feed pressures, RO polymeric membranes achieved very high removals of chemical oxygen demand (up to 89%) and oils and greases (100%) from EC-treated effluent. In best feed pressure (2.5 MPa), turbidity, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, salinity, toxic ions and sodium adsorption ratio values attained internationally recognized standards for irrigation water. Using EC–RO (feed pressure:2.5 MPa) treated OW, germinated sunflower seeds percentage (86 ± 6%), speed of germination (30 ± 2) and biomass production (49 ± 5 mg) were statistically similar t...

Os circuitos pecuários e a febre aftosa no Brasil: uma análise histórico-institucional / Livestock circuits and fmd in Brazil: a historical-institutional analysis

Abstract: A febre aftosa representa ainda hoje importante ameaca economica para os paises produtores e exportadores de leite, couro, carnes e seus derivados das criacoes de bovinos, suinos, ovinos, caprinos e bubalinos. Considerando o Brasil detentor do maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo e de importantes criatorios de outros biungulados, a trajetoria de seu controle, contudo, somente veio a demonstrar importantes avancos a partir da decada de 1990. Tal sucesso, representado hoje por mais de 77% de seu territorio incluido na zona livre da doenca, restando apenas tres estados para que todo o pais seja considerado livre, e resultado de avancos institucionais decorrentes de empenho publico e movimentos publico-privados. As motivacoes de tal empenho repercutiram em notaveis acoes de complementaridade institucional entre atores diretamente envolvidos com as consequencias da doenca: pecuaristas, exportadores e representacoes governamentais responsaveis pelo controle sanitario no pais e no continente latino-americano. Neste estudo, faz-se uma revisao historica da evolucao institucional em torno do combate a doenca no Brasil e dos avancos a partir dele. Destacam-se, nesse contexto, as acoes nao promissoras do governo federal antes da decada de 1970 e os progressos decorrentes das acoes ocorridas sob a coordenacao do Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento – MAPA, com a participacao ampla dos diferentes segmentos do setor agropecuario, a partir de 1990. ABSTRACT The Food and Mouth Disease is still important economic threat to the producing countries and exporters of milk, leather, meat and other products from cattle creations, pigs, sheep, goats and buffaloes. Considering Brazil has the largest global cattle herd and important breeders of other cloven-hoofed animals, the trajectory of their control, however, only came to demonstrate significant progress from the 1990s. Such success, represented today by more than 77% of its territory considered free zone of the disease is the result of institutional advances arising from public engagement and public-private movements. The motivations of this commitment reverberated in notable institutional complementarity of actions between actors directly involved with the consequences of the disease: farmers, exporters and government representatives responsible for health control in the country and in the Latin American continent. This study brought a historical review of institutional development around the fight against the disease in Brazil and advances from it. In this context, very few progress was observed of the federal government actions before the 1970s and progress resulting from meetings held under the coordination of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply - MAPA, with the broad participation of different segments of the agricultural and livestock sector, from 1990.

The effect of breed, sex, and drug concentration on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in cattle

Abstract: Ivermectin (IVM) is one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs worldwide and has become the drug of choice for anthelmintic and tick treatment in beef cattle production. It is known that pharmacokinetic parameters are fundamental to the rational use of a drug and food safety and these parameters are influenced by different factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of IVM in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbreed cattle (B. indicus × B. taurus) kept under same field conditions and the possible impacts of sex and IVM formulation (1% and 3.15%). It was observed that IVM concentration was significantly affected by breed. The plasma concentrations of IVM, AUC, Cmax , and t1/2β were significantly higher in B. indicus compared to B. taurus. Crossbreed animals showed an intermediate profile between European and Indian cattle. No alteration in pharmacokinetics parameters was detected when comparing different gender. Concerning the pharmacokinetic data of IVM formulation, it was verified that Tmax , AUC, and t1/2β were higher in 3.15% IVM animals than those from 1% IVM formulation. The results clearly indicated that the IVM plasma concentrations in B. indicus were higher than that in B. taurus.