Ministry of Agriculture

About: Ministry of Agriculture is a government organization based out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Biology & Chemistry. The organization has 1153 authors who have published 1189 publications receiving 14442 citations.

Lysine requirement of starting barrows from two genetic groups fed on low crude protein diets

Abstract: A trial was carried out to determine the lysine requirement for starting barrows fed on ideal protein concept-based diets. Thirty-two pigs from a commercial crossbred genetic group (CCGG, BW=15.9 ± 1.4 kg) and 32 pigs from a dam line one (DLGG, BW= 14.8 ± 1.0 kg) were used. Pigs were allotted to 4 treatments with diets containing increasing levels of total lysine (0.80, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.40%). Methionine+cystine, threonine and tryptophan were adjusted according to ideal protein profile. Data from performance, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and carcass composition were analyzed. CCGG showed higher daily feed intake, daily weight gain, PUN and protein:fat ratio in carcass, while DLGG showed higher fat carcass content and nitrogen retention. Fat content and protein:fat ratio in carcass for CCCGG and PUN and crude protein carcass content for DLGG showed quadratic response to increasing total lysine levels. Derivations of the quadratic equations indicated the total lysine requirement for CCGG starting barrows is 1.15% and for DLGG starting barrows is 1.09%. Key words: Carcass composition, crystalline amino acids, nitrogen excretion, nutrition, lean meat

Determination and confirmation of chloramphenicol in honey, fish and prawns by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with minimum sample preparation: validation according to 2002/657/EC Directive

Abstract: A reliable, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) confirmation method has been developed for chloramphenicol (CAP) determination in honey, fish and prawns. For honey, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, an aliquot was evaporated to dryness and re-dissolved in mobile phase. For fish and prawns, tissues were extracted with acetonitrile and chloroform. The organic layer was evaporated to dryness and the residue was re-constituted with water: acetonitrile (90:10). LC separation was achieved on a C18 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water. Analysis was carried out on a triple–quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray interface operated in negative ionisation mode, with deuterated chloramphenicol-d5 (d5-CAP) as internal standard. Method validation was performed according to the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Four identification point...

Potential feedstock for renewable aviation fuel in Brazil

Abstract: The aviation industry worldwide is committed to reduce CO 2 emissions. The present goal is towards Carbon Neutral Growth (CNG) by 2020 and 50% reduction in net CO 2 emissions over 2005 levels by 2050. There are not easy alternatives to liquid fuels for airplanes; therefore, biofuels are necessarily part of the solution. However, the specifications for jet biofuel rule out ethanol and biodiesel, the most common biofuels in the market. There are several routes for the production of aviation biofuel allowing the use of a wide range of biomasses. The conversion and refining technology pathways will be determinant for the choice of feedstock. At present, most jet biofuel tested in airplanes are derived from oils, but not taking into account conversion technologies, the best options to start an aviation biofuel industry in Brazil are sugarcane, eucalyptus, and soybean, of the sugar, cellulose, and oil crop groups. The main reasons are the established production chains, high yields, competitive prices, and possibility of greenhouse gases abatement. Other crops may be feasible options depending on specific regional conditions, further agronomic improvements, and cost reduction. Taking as reference the energy content of ethanol, around 30 Mha of land would be necessary to supply sugarcane to meet 50% of the present global consumption of jet fuel. This is less than the 64 Mha of land suitable for sugarcane in Brazil, mostly replacing pasture and without using environmentally sensitive areas. This area may be less as biomass yields increase and the energy of other plant parts is more efficiently used. The opportunity costs of final products derived from the biomass feedstock may place the price of the energy of jet biofuel above that of the fossil jet fuel. Appropriate public policies and tax treatment may be necessary to stimulate an emerging aviation biofuel industry.

High-throughput multiclass screening method for antibiotic residue analysis in meat using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a novel minimum sample preparation procedure

Abstract: A multiresidue and multiclass method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of antibacterials was developed and validated for screening purposes. This method can be applied to commonly used drugs in veterinary medicine such as tetracyclines, quinolones and sulfonamides. Sample preparation consists in cell disruption with sand (previously purified and washed with EDTA 100 mM) followed by protein precipitation with acidified acetonitrile. Validation was conducted in accordance to European Union requirements (2002/657/EC) for qualitative methods covering detection capability (CCβ), selectivity, specificity and stability. The method enabled the detection of 21 different drugs and had a false-compliant rate of <5% (β error) at between 25% and 50% of the maximum residue levels established by legal authorities. The methodology was successfully applied to incurred poultry samples.