Showing papers by "Mississippi State University published in 1983"
TL;DR: The Self-efficacy Scale was developed by as discussed by the authors to assess generalized expectations of selfefficacy in order to assess the influence of self-efficacies on behavior and behavioral change.
Abstract: Self-efficacy theory asserts that self-efficacy expectancies exert powerful influences on behavior and behavioral change. The Self-efficacy Scale was developed to assess generalized expectations of...
408 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of action spectra in calculating biologically effective ultraviolet radiation fluence is reviewed, and a new method is presented for optimum estimation of an action spectrum from data obtained in such experiments.
Abstract: The use of action spectra in calculating biologically effective ultraviolet radiation fluence is reviewed. In predicting biological damage due to ozone depletion, the most reliable action spectra are those derived from experiments utilizing polychromatic irradiation filtered by sharp cut-off UV filters. A new method is presented for optimum estimation of an action spectrum from data obtained in such experiments. Details of the mathematical procedures are discussed, and examples of their use on data from both plant and animal objects are given.
161 citations
01 Dec 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for numerically solving the three dimensional unsteady Euler equations using flux vector splitting is developed, where the equations are cast in curvilinear coordinates and a finite volume discretization is used.
Abstract: A method for numerically solving the three dimensional unsteady Euler equations using flux vector splitting is developed. The equations are cast in curvilinear coordinates and a finite volume discretization is used. An explicit upwind second-order predictor-corrector scheme is used to solve the discretized equations. The scheme is stable for a CFL number of two and local time stepping is used to accelerate convergence for steady-state problems. Characteristic variable boundary conditions are developed and used in the far field and at surfaces. No additional dissipation terms are included in the scheme. Numerical results are compared with results from an existing three dimensional Euler code and experimental data.
158 citations
TL;DR: The controversial question of the intracellular location of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in higher plants was examined under a new experimental approach by applying the more rigorous and specific methods of immunocytochemistry to protoplasts isolated from young pea leaves.
Abstract: The controversial question of the intracellular location of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in higher plants was examined under a new experimental approach by applying the more rigorous and specific methods of immunocytochemistry to protoplasts isolated fromPisum sativum L. leaves. Manganese superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from 15 kg of leaves ofPisum sativum L. Rabbits were immunized with the mangano enzyme and the antibody specific for pea manganese superoxide dismutase was purified and found not to contain antigenic sites in common with (i) human manganese superoxide dismutase, (ii) iron superoxide dismutase from eitherEscherichia coli or higher plants, or (iii) plant or animal cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase.Pisum sativum L. manganese superoxide dismutase only appears to have antigenic determinants similar to other manganese superoxide dismutases from higher land plants. The antibody to pea Mn-superoxide dismutase was used to locate the enzyme in protoplasts isolated from young pea leaves by indirect immunofluorescence, and by electron microscopy using the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Results from immunofluorescence showed that chloroplasts were devoid of specific fluorescence which appeared scattered over the cytosolic spaces among chloroplasts, and demonstrate the absence of manganese superoxide dismutase inside chloroplasts. The metalloenzyme was found to be localized only in peroxisomes, whereas mitochondria, the traditionally accepted site for this enzyme in many eukaryotic organisms, did not show any specific staining. The possible subcellular roles of manganese superoxide dismutase inPisum sativum L. leaves are discussed in the light of its peroxisomal location.
108 citations
TL;DR: Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum zinc, bone zinc and bone calcium data indicated that the minimum zinc requirement of fingerling channel catfish was 20 mg Zn/kg dry diet.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted in order to establish the essentiality of zinc for fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and to determine their dietary zinc requirement. Purified egg white diets with and without supplemental zinc were fed to channel catfish fingerlings for 12 weeks in the essentiality experiment. Catfish fed the basal diet containing 1.0 - 1.5 mg Zn/kg diet developed deficiency signs such as anorexia and suppressed growth. After week 8 of this experiment, two groups of fish fed the basal diet were converted to the zinc-supplemented diet, which contained 28 mg Zn/kg diet. Deficiency signs in these fish were alleviated after consumption of the zinc-supplemented diet. In the requirement experiment, graded levels of a zinc premix were added to egg white diets and fed to fingerling channel catfish for 14 weeks. Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum zinc, bone zinc and bone calcium data indicated that the minimum zinc requirement of fingerling channel catfish was 20 mg Zn/kg dry diet.
107 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that the ascribed nature of social class among young adolescents makes it a weak determinant of their self-esteem, but that with increasing age socioeconomic position becomes more meaningful and thus more consequential for selfesteem.
Abstract: Self-esteem is postulated to be a function of social class in accordance with four theoretical principles-reflected appraisals, self-perception, social comparison, and psychological centrality. It is argued that the ascribed nature of social class among young adolescents makes it a weak determinant of their self-esteem, but that with increasing age socioeconomic position becomes more meaningful and thus more consequential for self-esteem. Data are presented which reveal a stronger association between social class and self-esteem among eighth graders than among fifth graders. One salient characteristic, academic skills, is found to be a strong predictor of early adolescent self-attitudes. Last, levels of self-esteem increase consistently from the fifth to the eighth grade, indicating a developmental trend toward greater self-acceptance.
100 citations
TL;DR: The relationships among ventilatory threshold T(vent), running economy and distance running performance in a group of trained experienced male runners with comparable maximum oxygen uptake and submaximal steady state oxygen uptake were assessed.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships among ventilatory threshold T(vent), running economy and distance running performance in a group (N=9) of trained experienced male runners with comparable maximum oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2 max). Maximal oxygen uptake and submaximal steady state oxygen uptake were measured using open circuit spirometry during treadmill exercise. Ventilatory threshold was determined during graded treadmill exercise using non-invasive techniques, while distance running performance was assessed by the best finish time in two 10-kilometer (km) road races. The subjects averaged 33.8 minutes on the 10km runs, 68.6 ml · kg -1 · min -1 for [Vdot]O2 max, and 48.1 ml · kg -1 · min -1 for steady state [Vdot]O2 running at 243 meters · min -1. The T(vent) (first deviation from linearity of [Vdot]E, [Vdot]CO 2 ) occurred at an oxygen consumption of 41.9 ml · kg -1 · min -1. The relationship between running economy and performance was r = .51 (p>0.15) and the relationship b...
90 citations
TL;DR: A method for preparing multiple sucrose gradients by quickly freezing layers of sucrose has been developed, applicable for both small- and large-volume centrifuge tubes.
85 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the chickens' ability to produce a GvH response was not compromised and that T-cell subpopulations may have differential sensitivities to nutritional deficiencies.
81 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that an oil carrier will protect rhizobia from rapid death at usually lethal high temperatures.
Abstract: The effects of inoculant carrier, temperature, and storage period on the survival of Rhizobium strains were determined by plate count and most-probable-number analyses. Preliminary experiments showed that survival of rhizobia was affected by each of these factors and their interactions. Results of further studies indicated that six strains of rhizobia survived better at high temperatures when lyophilized and suspended in an oil carrier as compared to finely ground peat. The oil base inocula contained ca. 105 viable rhizobia per g after 56 days of incubation at 60°C, whereas peat base inocula contained ≤10 rhizobia per g. These results suggest that an oil carrier will protect rhizobia from rapid death at usually lethal high temperatures.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptualization of a moderated design-performance relationship and a set of literature-derived hypotheses to serve as guides for empirical research are presented, with a focus on group structural properties.
Abstract: Prior research has failed to confirm a direct relationship between organizational design and group performance. The reason, as revealed by this literature review, may be that organization-level characteristics first affect group structural properties, which, in turn, have a direct impact on performance. In support of this view, this paper offers both a conceptualization of a moderated design-performance relationship and a set of literature-derived hypotheses to serve as guides for empirical research.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to evaluate the use of chloride and bicarbonate for prevention of nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in channel catfish.
Abstract: A study was completed to further evaluate the use of chloride and bicarbonate for prevention of nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia in channel catfish. The goal of the study was to propose a technique that could be used under field conditions of the channel catfish industry. The study was designed to determine if lower concentrations of chloride or bicarbonate were effective in reducing mortalities. A 3:1 ratio of Cl-:NO2 - by weight was found to prevent percent methemoglobin from reaching lethal levels during 48-h laboratory trials. Mortality rates increased with concurrently increasing nitrite and oxygen stress. When calculated on a percent of chloride by weight, NaCl and CaCl2 were found to be equivalent as protective compounds. Bicarbonate from NaHCO3 was less effective for preventing methemoglobinemia than chloride. A preventive management procedure was proposed to include establishing a Cl-:NO2 - ratio of 3:1 in the production pond and maintaining dissolved oxygen at 5 mg/L or above.
TL;DR: What may be the first calicivirus isolate from any primate species, including man, was recovered from a herpesvirus-like lip lesion on a pygmy chimpanzee and then, 6 months later, from the throat of the same animal.
Abstract: What may be the first calicivirus isolate from any primate species, including man, was recovered from a herpesvirus-like lip lesion on a pygmy chimpanzee and then, 6 months later, from the throat of the same animal. The infected individual and its cage mates had circulating antibodies that were type-specific for this calicivirus. The agent was antigenically different from 30 other calicivirus serotypes and is tentatively designated primate calicivirus Pan paniscus type 1 (PCV-Pan 1).
TL;DR: In this paper, rice panicles were harvested at 2-day intervals from 4-20 days post anthesis (DPA) and labeled with [35S]sulfate, the largest amount of incorporation occurred at 8 DPA and decreased after 10 DPA.
TL;DR: It is concluded that ultraviolet radiation is an effective promoter of non‐melanoma skin tumors and the probability of a skin tumor becoming observable in an individual of some given age is well described by the log‐normal distribution.
Abstract: — Recent data on the incidence of basal and squamous cell skin cancer among Caucasians in eight regions of the United States have been analyzed. Principal conclusions are that (1) ultraviolet radiation is an effective promoter of non-melanoma skin tumors; (2) the probability of a skin tumor becoming observable in an individual of some given age is well described by the log-normal distribution: (3) the fluence-response relation for both basal and squamous cell tumors is linear with a positive intercept, although the parameter values are clearly different for the two types; (4) a 1% ozone layer depletion would lead to an eventual 1.7% increase in basal cell carcinoma, and a 2.3% increase in squamous cell carcinoma.
TL;DR: Cyanidin-3-β-glucoside was shown to be an important factor of resistance in cottonGossypium hirsutum L. leaves to the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, which provides a potential basis for achieving insect resistance in non-glanded cotton and other crops infested by Helioths.
Abstract: Cyanidin-3-β-glucoside was shown to be an important factor of resistance in cottonGossypium hirsutum L. leaves to the tobacco budwormHeliothis virescens (Fab.). This provides a potential basis for achieving insect resistance in non-glanded cotton and other crops infested byHeliothis.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The use of numerically-generated body-conforming coordinate systems has become well-established in computational fluid dynamics, allowing general codes to be written which can treat boundaries of arbitrary shape as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The use of numerically-generated body-conforming coordinate systems has become well-established in computational fluid dynamics, allowing general codes to be written which can treat boundaries of arbitrary shape. There is now a rapidly increasing interest in the dynamic coupling of the grid with the physical solution so that the grid lines continually move to achieve concentration in regions of strong variation of the physical solution and alignment with shocks, flame fronts, etc. Such adaptive coordinate systems have been developed using a variety of techniques for sensing and reacting to the developing regions of concentration and/or alignment. This paper reviews the techniques and applications of these dynamically adaptive systems and other systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented analytical solutions of these equations under the assumption of constant effective rainfall of indefinite duration, for the case when the duration of the effective rainfall is finite.
TL;DR: In this article, eight stereotypic sounds of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) are distinguished: bleat, distress call, nursing whine, 4) grunt, 5) alert-snort, 6) footstomp, 7) snort-wheeze, and 8) aggressive snort.
Abstract: Eight stereotypic sounds of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) are distinguished: 1) bleat, 2) distress call, 3) nursing whine, 4) grunt, 5) alert-snort, 6) footstomp, 7) snort-wheeze, and 8) aggressive snort. Only the grunt was associated with both dominant-subordinate and cohesive behavior. The grunt, alert-snort, footstomp, snort-wheeze, and aggressive snort originated from yearling and older deer. The nursing whine was heard only from fawns, and the bleat was emitted only by fawns and juveniles. The distress call was made by both sexes of juveniles and adults. Twelve voice parameters, expressing unique phonetic qualities of distress calls from 10 neonatal fawns, allowed significant discrimination of individual fawns, sibling pairs, and between sex and weight.
TL;DR: Since the requirement may vary depending on fish size, age, water temperature, water ionic strength, fish density, oxygen availability, etc., it is recommended that a value of 30 mg calcium d-pantothenate per kilogram of diet be used in formulating catfish feeds.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to reevaluate the dietary pantothenic acid requirement for fingerling channel catfish. Purified diets supplemented with calcium d-pantothenate were used in both experiments. The results indicate that the previously reported requirement value was underestimated. The minimum dietary calcium d-pantothenate level that produced maximum growth, feed efficiency and prevented the characteristic deficiency sign of gill lesions was 15 mg/kg of diet. The gill lesions were detected in 2 weeks in fish fed deficient diets. A reduction in the gill lesions was evident within 2 weeks after fish fed the deficient diet were converted to a diet containing 40 mg calcium d-pantothenate per kilogram of diet. In one experiment there appeared to be a high correlation between disease susceptibility and dietary calcium d-pantothenate level. Based on these observations and since the requirement may vary depending on fish size, age, water temperature, water ionic strength, fish density, oxygen availability, etc., we recommend a value of 30 mg calcium d-pantothenate per kilogram of diet be used in formulating catfish feeds.
TL;DR: Two cyanide-sensitive and organic solvent-inactivated superoxide dismutase isoenzymes were purified from pea leaves, Pisum sativum, cv Thomas Laxto.
TL;DR: There was a significant relationship between the presence of anti-RNP antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as opposed to their presence in patientswith non-SLE rheumatic disorders, and there is some suggestion of a racial distribution of antibody types.
Abstract: IgG was purified from 91 serum samples obtained from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases and examined for the presence of antinuclear antibodies reactive with small ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Antibody specificity was determined by autoradiographic detection of 32P labeled RNA which had been separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This RNA was extracted from immune complexes formed by adding purified IgG to a homogenate of 32P labeled HeLa cells. Anti-RNP antibodies were detected in 70% of these samples. Specific antibodies detected were anti-(U1)-RNP (35%), anti-Sm (30%), anti-Ro (24%), and anti-La (10%). Other antibodies (9%) were reactive with structures containing 5S and 5.8S RNA or 4S RNA. There was a significant relationship between the presence of anti-RNP antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (78%) as opposed to their presence in patients with non-SLE rheumatic disorders (45%). However, taken individually, anti-Ro was the only antibody whose presence in SLE patients (30%) was significantly greater than its presence in non-SLE patients (5%). Vasculitis was the only clinical manifestation found to correlate with the presence of a particular antibody, anti-(U1)RNP. There is some suggestion of a racial distribution of antibody types.
TL;DR: The use of wavelength shifters is shown to be inappropriate when the sample pH varies, as this can change the fluorescent properties of the shifters and thereby the observed count rate.
TL;DR: Hemoglobin levels had the strongest relationship with cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, and zinc levels were inconsistent with the hypothesis on copper:zinc imbalance and reports from animal studies.
TL;DR: It is indicated that percent methemoglobin can be predicted more accurately by nitrite-to-chloride ratios than by Nitrite concentrations alone.
Abstract: Mean values for percent methemoglobin were obtained for 13 groups of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from commercial production ponds in west-central Mississippi. Mean percent methemoglobin was correlated with ambient nitrite concentrations (r2 = 0.51; P > 0.05). The correlation was improved when mean percent methemoglobin was regressed on the molar ratio of nitrite: chloride concentrations (r2 = 0.96; P > 0.01). These data indicate that percent methemoglobin can be predicted more accurately by nitrite-to-chloride ratios than by nitrite concentrations alone.
TL;DR: Feeding behavior and histological-histochemical studies of newly hatched tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae feeding on cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. revealed that first-stage larvae avoided consuming glands which contains gossypol, a dimeric sesquiterpenoid aldehyde.
Abstract: Feeding behavior and histological-histochemical studies of newly hatched tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae feeding on cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. revealed that first-stage larvae avoided consuming glands which contains gossypol, a dimeric sesquiterpenoid aldehyde. Between 48 and 72 h of age, larvae molt and then nonselectively consume the glands. Histological studies show that gossypol glands are surrounded by an envelope; histochemical procedures indicate that the envelope contains anthocyanins which differ from gossypol. We suggest that the allelochemics present in these glands act as feeding deterrents or as antifeedant compounds to first-stage larvae.
TL;DR: Diet did not affect longevity of moths or viability of eggs, whereas increased temperatures from 20 to 30°C decreased longevity ofMoths and egg hatchability, and the pupal period was influenced by larval diet.
Abstract: Tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), growth rates showed a significant interaction between diet and temperature. Larvae and pupae that were reared on artificial diet were heavier than those reared on soybean and cotton, with corresponding weights being less at 20°C than at 25 and 30°C. Larvae fed soybean or cotton required seven instars to complete larval development; seven instars were required on artificial diet only at 20°C. Larval survival was 24% (20°C), 34% (25°C), and 17% (30°C) higher on soybean than on cotton. The prepupal and pupal periods were longest at 20°C and shortest at 30°C, but only the pupal period was influenced by larval diet (development shorter on soybean than on cotton at 20 and 30°C). Pupal weight for insects fed soybean increased as temperature increased, but this relationship was reversed for insects fed cotton. Preoviposition period was not significantly influenced by either diet or temperature. More eggs were laid by females at 20°C than at 25 and 30°C, with larger numbers of eggs laid by females reared on cotton than on soybean or artificial diet. Diet did not affect longevity of moths or viability of eggs, whereas increased temperatures from 20 to 30°C decreased longevity of moths and egg hatchability
TL;DR: In this article, the Eulcr equation solver allowing for rotational inviscid flow is coupled with an inverse integral boundary-bycr method to allow for attached or separated boundary layers, thus avoiding problcm in dealing with strong shocks.
Abstract: HILE potential flow solutiom h v e proved a r t r d y w f u l for predicting transonic two-a d three-dimensional flows with shocks of modcrate strcngdi, (c.g., see Refs. 1-3) typical of cruising flight of transport and some class of fighter aircraft, the approximation of ignoring en-tropy changes and vorticity produdon cannot be cxpcctcd to give acceptable accuracy when the flight ipccd is increvcd into the upper transonic range. Howevcr, more important than the change in pressure rise across a shock as pointed out by Lock4 are the effects on lifting flows due to the a u u m p dons inherent to the Kutta condition in potential flow theory. One part of this paper will study this effect in detail. Methods available for simulating transonic viscous flow foils are either Navier-Stokes methods, e.g., Ref. 5, or inviscid methods coupled with boundary-layer solutions. Whereas th Navier-Stokes equations properly describe in-tnacling flows, these equations are currently ratricted from routine use becaw of computer requiremcnu and lack in physical undtrsllading. Inviscid flow boundary-hya coupling methods on t k other hand require l a r computer raourca, but have been developed only for irrotational invircid flows and usually attached boundary layers, see Refs. 4, 6, a d 7. In the present paper the Eulcr equation solver allowing for rotational inviscid flow is coupled with an inverse integral boundary-bycr method to allow for attached or separated boundary layers, thus avoiding problcm in dealing with strong shocks as reported by Lock.4 T h e third part of the paper deals with threedimensional wing and wing-body flow. At present, only potential flow solvers based on either the small disturbance or full-potential solution are in UK. Reference 8 preKnu an inlcresling revim comparing different methods with expcrimcntal data. However. all methods exhibit the nad for an added vortex sheet as discontinuity surface. Since the introduced jump in-cdSg~ntlocl. potential are confined to be constant along y = const l i n o ralhcr than Weamlines, those methods arc physically in-conea near t k wing tip or for small upcct ratio wings. T h r ~ problems can k ovctwmc by solving the full Eulcr equation, in cocwrvation form since they can capture discontinuit~cs without explicitly introducing vortcx rhccu. Bved on previous expcricncn on airfoil, inlet. and wing compulalions the finite-volume approach as introduced by MacCormack9 has been chosen. Kccent efforts, howcvcr, to improve the …
TL;DR: Increased holding time reduced viscera weight and the weight of blood and feathers lost during slaughter and eviscerated carcass yields were significantly higher for the birds reared on the low energy diet than for those rearing on the higher energy diet.