Showing papers by "Mississippi State University published in 2016"
TL;DR: The role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling is discussed and the effect of A BA in respect to gene expression is dealt with.
Abstract: Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress conditions, which ultimately affect the yield. In stress conditions, plants develop various stress mechanism to face the magnitude of stress challenges, although that is not enough to protect them. Therefore, many strategies have been used to produce abiotic stress tolerance crop plants, among them, ABA (abscisic acid) phytohormone engineering could be one of the methods of choice. ABA is an isoprenoid phytohormone, which regulates various physiological processes ranging from stomatal opening to protein storage and provides adaptation to many stresses like drought, salt, and cold stresses. ABA is also called an important messenger that acts as the signaling mediator for regulating the adaptive response of plants to different environmental stress conditions. In this review, we will discuss the role of ABA in response to abiotic stress at the molecular level and ABA signaling. The review also deals with the effect of ABA in respect to gene expression.
805 citations
TL;DR: The discovery of the GW150914 with the Advanced LIGO detectors provides the first observational evidence for the existence of binary black-hole systems that inspiral and merge within the age of the Universe as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The discovery of the gravitational-wave source GW150914 with the Advanced LIGO detectors provides the first observational evidence for the existence of binary black-hole systems that inspiral and merge within the age of the Universe. Such black-hole mergers have been predicted in two main types of formation models, involving isolated binaries in galactic fields or dynamical interactions in young and old dense stellar environments. The measured masses robustly demonstrate that relatively "heavy" black holes (≳25M⊙) can form in nature. This discovery implies relatively weak massive-star winds and thus the formation of GW150914 in an environment with metallicity lower than ∼1/2 of the solar value. The rate of binary black-hole mergers inferred from the observation of GW150914 is consistent with the higher end of rate predictions (≳1Gpc−3yr−1) from both types of formation models. The low measured redshift (z∼0.1) of GW150914 and the low inferred metallicity of the stellar progenitor imply either binary black-hole formation in a low-mass galaxy in the local Universe and a prompt merger, or formation at high redshift with a time delay between formation and merger of several Gyr. This discovery motivates further studies of binary-black-hole formation astrophysics. It also has implications for future detections and studies by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, and gravitational-wave detectors in space.
742 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance, besides their engineering for conferring abiotics stress tolerance in transgenic crops, and describes the recent progress and future prospects.
Abstract: Abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, heat, cold, flooding, and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide. In recent times, preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands of ever-increasing human populations have gained unprecedented importance. However, the proportion of agricultural lands facing multiple abiotic stresses is expected only to rise under a changing global climate fueled by anthropogenic activities. Identifying the mechanisms developed and deployed by plants to counteract abiotic stresses and maintain their growth and survival under harsh conditions thus holds great significance. Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones, including the classical auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and gibberellins, and newer members including brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and strigolactones may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for producing abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants. In this review, we summarize and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance, besides their engineering for conferring abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops. We also describe recent successes in identifying the roles of phytohormones under stressful conditions. We conclude by describing the recent progress and future prospects including limitations and challenges of phytohormone engineering for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
624 citations
TL;DR: Following a major upgrade, the two advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) held their first observation run between September 2015 and January 2016, and observed a transient gravitational-wave signal determined to be the coalescence of two black holes.
Abstract: Following a major upgrade, the two advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) held their first observation run between September 2015 and January 2016. With a strain sensitivity of $10^{-23}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ at 100 Hz, the product of observable volume and measurement time exceeded that of all previous runs within the first 16 days of coincident observation. On September 14th, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed a transient gravitational-wave signal determined to be the coalescence of two black holes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016)], launching the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. The event, GW150914, was observed with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 24 in coincidence by the two detectors. Here we present the main features of the detectors that enabled this observation. At full sensitivity, the Advanced LIGO detectors are designed to deliver another factor of three improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio for binary black hole systems similar in masses to GW150914.
539 citations
TL;DR: Fe3O4 nanoparticles are promising potential adsorbents and exhibited remarkable reusability for metal ions removal in water and wastewater treatment.
527 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential for energy generation and comprehensive wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells is discussed, and an overview of current energy needs for wastewater treatment and potential energy recovery options are provided.
406 citations
TL;DR: The first half of 2015, when Psychological Science gave authors the opportunity to signal open data and materials if they qualified for badges that accompanied published articles, showed an increase of more than an order of magnitude from baseline as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Beginning January 2014, Psychological Science gave authors the opportunity to signal open data and materials if they qualified for badges that accompanied published articles. Before badges, less than 3% of Psychological Science articles reported open data. After badges, 23% reported open data, with an accelerating trend; 39% reported open data in the first half of 2015, an increase of more than an order of magnitude from baseline. There was no change over time in the low rates of data sharing among comparison journals. Moreover, reporting openness does not guarantee openness. When badges were earned, reportedly available data were more likely to be actually available, correct, usable, and complete than when badges were not earned. Open materials also increased to a weaker degree, and there was more variability among comparison journals. Badges are simple, effective signals to promote open practices and improve preservation of data and materials by using independent repositories.
361 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the desalination trends around the world is provided and the sustainability components of Desalination processes in comparison with other water supply alternatives are discussed to increase current understanding on the sensitive and futuristic issues of water supply and resource management options for drought facing regions.
349 citations
08 Feb 2016-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of fully-reversed strain-controlled fatigue tests is conducted on Ti-6Al-4V specimens fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS), a Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) additive manufacturing (AM) process, are investigated.
Abstract: In order for additive-manufactured parts to become more widely utilized and trusted in application, it is important to have their mechanical properties well-characterized and certified. The fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of Ti–6Al–4V specimens fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS), a Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) additive manufacturing (AM) process, are investigated in this study. A series of fully-reversed strain-controlled fatigue tests is conducted on Ti–6Al–4V specimens manufactured via LENS in their as-built and heat-treated conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the fracture surfaces of fatigue specimens to qualify the failure mechanism, crack initiation sites, and defects such as porosity. Due to the relatively high localized heating and cooling rates experienced during DLD, fabricated parts are observed to possess anisotropic microstructures, and thus, different mechanical properties than those of their traditionally-manufactured wrought counterparts. The fatigue lives of the investigated LENS specimens were found to be shorter than those of wrought specimens, and porosity was found to be the primary contributor to these shorter fatigue lives, with the exception of the heat-treated LENS samples. The presence of pores promotes more unpredictable fatigue behavior, as evidenced by data scatter. Pore shape, size, location, and number were found to impact the fatigue behavior of the as-built and annealed DLD parts. As porosity seems to be the main contributor to the fatigue behavior of DLD parts, it is important to optimize the manufacturing process and design parameters to minimize and control pore generation during the build.
254 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate “paradoxical” outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of “antioxidant” nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that “paradoxical” roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
250 citations
TL;DR: Agency and stewardship theories are prominent perspectives to examine myriad issues within family firms as discussed by the authors. Although considered opposing theories, both address the same phenomena: the individual-level phenomenon.
Abstract: Agency and stewardship theories are prominent perspectives to examine myriad issues within family firms. Although considered opposing theories, both address the same phenomena: the individual-level...
TL;DR: In this paper, a social exchange perspective was used to review family firm succession literature owing to its fit with the multiphase, multistakeholder nature of the process, and they searched the history of 34 journals.
Abstract: We use a social exchange perspective to review family firm succession literature owing to its fit with the multiphase, multistakeholder nature of the process. We searched the history of 34 journals...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of the socioemotional wealth importance scale (SEWi), an instrument allowing direct measurement of the importance of socio emotional wealth to family owners and managers of family firms.
TL;DR: Researchers found that pharmacological agents and certain antioxidants decreased the level of calcium deposition in AGEs-induced diabetes-mediated vascular calcification, allowing for pharmacological intervention to decrease the severity of this diabetic complication.
Abstract: AGE/RAGE signaling has been a well-studied cascade in many different disease states, particularly diabetes. Due to the complex nature of the receptor and multiple intersecting pathways, the AGE/RAGE signaling mechanism is still not well understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight key areas of AGE/RAGE mediated vascular calcification as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling heavily influences both cellular and systemic responses to increase bone matrix proteins through PKC, p38 MAPK, fetuin-A, TGF-β, NFκB, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in both hyperglycemic and calcification conditions. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to increase oxidative stress to promote diabetes-mediated vascular calcification through activation of Nox-1 and decreased expression of SOD-1. AGE/RAGE signaling in diabetes-mediated vascular calcification was also attributed to increased oxidative stress resulting in the phenotypic switch of VSMCs to osteoblast-like cells in AGEs-induced calcification. Researchers found that pharmacological agents and certain antioxidants decreased the level of calcium deposition in AGEs-induced diabetes-mediated vascular calcification. By understanding the role the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade plays diabetes-mediated vascular calcification will allow for pharmacological intervention to decrease the severity of this diabetic complication.
TL;DR: Compared to other interaction databases, the data collection approach ensures HPIDB 2.0 users access the most comprehensive HPI data from a wide range of pathogens and their hosts (594 pathogen and 70 hosts, as of February 2016).
Abstract: Identification and analysis of host–pathogen interactions (HPI) is essential to study infectious diseases. However, HPI data are sparse in existing molecular interaction databases, especially for agricultural host–pathogen systems. Therefore, resources that annotate, predict and display the HPI that underpin infectious diseases are critical for developing novel intervention strategies. HPIDB 2.0 (http://www.agbase.msstate.edu/hpi/main.html) is a resource for HPI data, and contains 45, 238 manually curated entries in the current release. Since the first description of the database in 2010, multiple enhancements to HPIDB data and interface services were made that are described here. Notably, HPIDB 2.0 now provides targeted biocuration of molecular interaction data. As a member of the International Molecular Exchange consortium, annotations provided by HPIDB 2.0 curators meet community standards to provide detailed contextual experimental information and facilitate data sharing. Moreover, HPIDB 2.0 provides access to rapidly available community annotations that capture minimum molecular interaction information to address immediate researcher needs for HPI network analysis. In addition to curation, HPIDB 2.0 integrates HPI from existing external sources and contains tools to infer additional HPI where annotated data are scarce. Compared to other interaction databases, our data collection approach ensures HPIDB 2.0 users access the most comprehensive HPI data from a wide range of pathogens and their hosts (594 pathogen and 70 host species, as of February 2016). Improvements also include enhanced search capacity, addition of Gene Ontology functional information, and implementation of network visualization. The changes made to HPIDB 2.0 content and interface ensure that users, especially agricultural researchers, are able to easily access and analyse high quality, comprehensive HPI data. All HPIDB 2.0 data are updated regularly, are publically available for direct download, and are disseminated to other molecular interaction resources.
Database URL: http://www.agbase.msstate.edu/hpi/main.html
TL;DR: Convergent increases in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity were pervasive among high-altitude taxa, but few such changes were attributable to parallel amino acid substitutions at key residues, indicating that predictable changes in biochemical phenotype do not have a predictable molecular basis.
Abstract: To investigate the predictability of genetic adaptation, we examined the molecular basis of convergence in hemoglobin function in comparisons involving 56 avian taxa that have contrasting altitudinal range limits. Convergent increases in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity were pervasive among high-altitude taxa, but few such changes were attributable to parallel amino acid substitutions at key residues. Thus, predictable changes in biochemical phenotype do not have a predictable molecular basis. Experiments involving resurrected ancestral proteins revealed that historical substitutions have context-dependent effects, indicating that possible adaptive solutions are contingent on prior history. Mutations that produce an adaptive change in one species may represent precluded possibilities in other species because of differences in genetic background.
University of Alaska Fairbanks1, Northern Arizona University2, University of Vermont3, University of Virginia4, University of Alberta5, United States Department of Agriculture6, United States Geological Survey7, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution8, University of Notre Dame9, University of Guelph10, VU University Amsterdam11, Mississippi State University12, University of North Texas13, Florida State University14, Université du Québec15, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences16, McGill University17, United States Department of Energy18, University of Cincinnati19, Xiamen University20, École Normale Supérieure21, McMaster University22, University of Toronto23, Lakehead University24, Aarhus University25, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science26, Natural Resources Canada27, University of Washington28, Umeå University29, Wilkes University30, University of Minnesota31, Michigan Technological University32, Max Planck Society33, University System of Maryland34, Queen's University35, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee36, University of Montana System37, University of Illinois at Chicago38, Stockholm University39, University of Colorado Boulder40, University of Saskatchewan41, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research42, Institut national de la recherche agronomique43, University of Michigan44, Finnish Environment Institute45, University of Eastern Finland46, Fisheries and Oceans Canada47, Northumbria University48, University of Texas at Austin49, University of Gothenburg50, Laval University51, Northwest A&F University52, Tomsk State University53, Marine Biological Laboratory54, Yale University55, Imperial College London56, Duke University57, University of Copenhagen58, University of Alabama59, Centre national de la recherche scientifique60, Uppsala University61, University of Alaska Anchorage62, Russian Academy of Sciences63
TL;DR: As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export as mentioned in this paper, and models predict that some portion of this release w...
Abstract: As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release w ...
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their determinants in youth with Down syndrome was reviewed. But, the effectiveness of interventions and the health consequences and the effectiveness for interventions were also examined.
Mississippi State University1, University of Kentucky2, Iowa State University3, South Dakota State University4, Michigan State University5, University of Arkansas6, Pennsylvania State University7, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater8, Ohio State University9, University of Florida10, University of Costa Rica11, University of Maryland, College Park12, Louisiana State University13, Texas A&M University14, Kansas State University15, University of Tennessee16, University of Georgia17, University of Delaware18, North Carolina State University19, University of Minnesota20, North Dakota State University21, Virginia Tech22, Clemson University23, DuPont Pioneer24, Auburn University25, University of Wisconsin-Madison26, Ontario Ministry of the Environment27, Purdue University28, University of Missouri29
TL;DR: Annual decreases in corn yield caused by diseases were estimated by surveying members of the Corn Disease Working Group in 22 corn-producing states in the United States and in Ontario, Canada from 2012 through 2015 by finding foliar diseases commonly caused the largest estimated yield loss.
Abstract: Annual decreases in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) yield caused by diseases were estimated by surveying university-affiliated plant pathologists in 28 soybean-producing states in the United State...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a model for the development of a hybrid electric vehicle for the General Motors Research and Development Center (GRDC) of the United States of America.
Abstract: aDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA bDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA dGeneral Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan 48090, USA
TL;DR: Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on scene classification of local and global spatial features.
University of Sydney1, University of Auckland2, Charité3, Slovak Academy of Sciences4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Florence6, University of Illinois at Chicago7, University of Hamburg8, National Institute of Occupational Health9, University of Tarapacá10, University at Albany, SUNY11, Boston University12, University of Cagliari13, Istituto Superiore di Sanità14, Environmental Defense Fund15, University of Cape Town16, Hebrew University of Jerusalem17, University of Toronto18, Drexel University19, East Carolina University20, University of Louisville21, Curtin University22, University of Queensland23, Virginia Tech24, University of Paris25, Netherlands Cancer Institute26, Peking University27, National Institutes of Health28, University of Florida29, Brunel University London30, German Cancer Research Center31, Utrecht University32, National University of La Plata33, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai34, Wayne State University35, University of Helsinki36, University of Iowa37, University of Eastern Piedmont38, Lancaster University39, National Health Service40, University of Turin41, City University of New York42, University of KwaZulu-Natal43, George Washington University44, Sapienza University of Rome45, Louisiana State University46, University of Arizona47, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua48, University of Basel49, Mississippi State University50, Florida International University51, Texas A&M University52, University of São Paulo53, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health54, Radboud University Nijmegen55, University of Alberta56, Johns Hopkins University57, University of California, Berkeley58, University of New South Wales59, University of California, San Francisco60, National Research Council61, Heidelberg University62, University of Washington63, Kuwait University64, Medical University of South Carolina65, Imperial College London66, University of Tromsø67, City of Hope National Medical Center68, Okayama University69, Hoseo University70, University of Padua71, Leibniz Association72, University of South Florida73
TL;DR: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme identifies chemicals, drugs, mixtures, occupational exposures, lifestyles and personal habits, and physical and biological agents that cause cancer in humans and has evaluated about 1000 agents since 1971.
Abstract: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme identifies chemicals, drugs, mixtures, occupational exposures, lifestyles and personal habits, and physical and biological agents that cause cancer in humans and has evaluated about 1000 agents since 1971. Monographs are written by ad hoc Working Groups (WGs) of international scientific experts over a period of about 12 months ending in an eight-day meeting. The WG evaluates all of the publicly available scientific information on each substance and, through a transparent and rigorous process,1 decides on the degree to which the scientific evidence supports that substance's potential to cause or not cause cancer in humans.
For Monograph 112,2 17 expert scientists evaluated the carcinogenic hazard for four insecticides and the herbicide glyphosate.3 The WG concluded that the data for glyphosate meet the criteria for classification as a probable human carcinogen .
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the primary agency of the European Union for risk assessments regarding food safety. In October 2015, EFSA reported4 on their evaluation of the Renewal Assessment Report5 (RAR) for glyphosate that was prepared by the Rapporteur Member State, the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). EFSA concluded that ‘glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans and the evidence does not support classification with regard to its carcinogenic potential’. Addendum 1 (the BfR Addendum) of the RAR5 discusses the scientific rationale for differing from the IARC WG conclusion.
Serious flaws in the scientific evaluation in the RAR incorrectly characterise the potential for a carcinogenic hazard from exposure to glyphosate. Since the RAR is the basis for the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) conclusion,4 it is critical that these shortcomings are corrected.
EFSA concluded ‘that there is very limited evidence for an association between glyphosate-based formulations …
TL;DR: A delineation of mediational effects derived from cross-sectional designs into the terms temporal and atemporal associations to emphasize time in conceptualizing process models in clinical psychology is proposed.
Abstract: Purpose
A popular way to attempt to discern causality in clinical psychology is through mediation analysis. However, mediation analysis is sometimes applied to research questions in clinical psychology when inferring causality is impossible. This practice may soon increase with new, readily available, and easy-to-use statistical advances. Thus, we here provide a heuristic to remind clinical psychological scientists of the assumptions of mediation analyses.
Approach
We describe recent statistical advances and unpack assumptions of causality in mediation, underscoring the importance of time in understanding mediational hypotheses and analyses in clinical psychology. Example analyses demonstrate that statistical mediation can occur despite theoretical mediation being improbable.
Conclusion
We propose a delineation of mediational effects derived from cross-sectional designs into the terms temporal and atemporal associations to emphasize time in conceptualizing process models in clinical psychology. The general implications for mediational hypotheses and the temporal frameworks from within which they may be drawn are discussed.
TL;DR: It is indicated that avoidance of positive information is a real effect exhibiting substantial evidential value among persons experiencing psychopathology, with individuals evidencing primary symptoms of depression clearly demonstrating this effect.
Abstract: Cognitive theories of depression and anxiety have traditionally emphasized the role of attentional biases in the processing of negative information. The dot-probe task has been widely used to study this phenomenon. Recent findings suggest that biased processing of positive information might also be an important aspect of developing psychopathological symptoms. However, despite some evidence suggesting persons with symptoms of depression and anxiety may avoid positive information, many dot-probe studies have produced null findings. The present review used conventional and novel meta-analytic methods to evaluate dot-probe attentional biases away from positive information and, for comparison, toward negative information, in depressed and anxious individuals. Results indicated that avoidance of positive information is a real effect exhibiting substantial evidential value among persons experiencing psychopathology, with individuals evidencing primary symptoms of depression clearly demonstrating this effect. Different theoretical explanations for these findings are evaluated, including those positing threat-processing structures, even-handedness, self-regulation, and reward devaluation, with the novel theory of reward devaluation emphasized and expanded. These novel findings and theory suggest that avoidance of prospective reward helps to explain the cause and sustainability of depressed states. Suggestions for future research and methodological advances are discussed.
TL;DR: This article examined the impact of corporate board reforms on firm value in 41 countries using a difference-in-differences design, and found that board reforms increase firm value, but not reforms involving separation of chairman and CEO positions, drive the valuation increases.
Abstract: We examine the impact of corporate board reforms on firm value in 41 countries Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that board reforms increase firm value Reforms involving board and audit committee independence, but not reforms involving separation of chairman and CEO positions, drive the valuation increases In addition, while comply-or-explain reforms result in a greater increase in firm value than rule-based reforms, the effects of reforms are similar across Civil-law and Common-law countries Further investigation suggests that the subsequent change in board independence plays an important role in explaining the effectiveness of the reforms
TL;DR: The results of a general linear mixed model indicate that dispositional factors (particularly two personality meta-traits, Stability and Plasticity) serve as moderators of the relationships between perceptions derived from situational factors and intentions to violate information security policy.
Abstract: Insiders represent a major threat to the security of an organization’s information resources. Previous research has explored the role of dispositional and situational factors in promoting compliant...
University of Western Ontario1, University of California, Berkeley2, University of Texas at Dallas3, Middle East Technical University4, University of Würzburg5, University of California, Santa Barbara6, Hope College7, Stony Brook University8, University of Salamanca9, Simon Fraser University10, Loyola University Maryland11, Mississippi State University12, University of Cantabria13, University of North Florida14, University of Victoria15, University of Economics, Prague16, Lesley University17, Fort Lewis College18, Singapore Management University19, University of Manitoba20, Charles University in Prague21
TL;DR: This Registered Replication Report (RRR) meta-analytically combines the results of 16 new direct replications of the original study, all of which followed a standardized, vetted, and preregistered protocol and showed little effect of the priming manipulation on the forgiveness outcome measures.
Abstract: Finkel, Rusbult, Kumashiro, and Hannon (2002, Study 1) demonstrated a causal link between subjective commitment to a relationship and how people responded to hypothetical betrayals of that relation...
TL;DR: This model utilizes a variant of emerging behavioral decision theory, called Image Theory, to develop a two-stage process of IS hiring where the first stage utilizes technical skills for filtration and the second stage utilizes soft skills for the choice in actual hiring.
Abstract: This paper calls attention to a paradox in the recruiting and hiring literature in IS and offers a possible reconciliation of the paradox based on recent advances in behavioral decision theory. The paradox is the contradictory demand for IT/IS technologies as advertised job skills in contrast to soft skills as actual or implicit hiring criteria. The specific purpose of this research is to introduce a model that may explain and reconcile the use and importance of both technical skills and soft skills in the hiring of IS personnel. This model utilizes a variant of emerging behavioral decision theory, called Image Theory to develop a two-stage process of IS hiring where the first stage utilizes technical skills for filtration and the second stage utilizes soft skills for the choice in actual hiring. This model of IS hiring decision making may serve as a starting point for future research on the demand for IS job skills.
TL;DR: The rationale and methodologies for an integrated and complementary set of field study strategies, including large international surveys, formative field studies of the structure of clinicians' conceptualization of mental disorders, and ecological implementation field Studies of clinical utility in the global settings in which the guidelines will ultimately be implemented are presented.
Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse has developed a systematic program of field studies to evaluate and improve the clinical utility of the proposed diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioral disorders in the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). The clinical utility of a diagnostic classification is critical to its function as the interface between health encounters and health information, and to making the ICD-11 be a more effective tool for helping the WHO's 194 member countries, including the United States, reduce the global disease burden of mental disorders. This article describes the WHO's efforts to develop a science of clinical utility in regard to one of the two major classification systems for mental disorders. We present the rationale and methodologies for an integrated and complementary set of field study strategies, including large international surveys, formative field studies of the structure of clinicians' conceptualization of mental disorders, case-controlled field studies using experimental methodologies to evaluate the impact of proposed changes to the diagnostic guidelines on clinicians' diagnostic decision making, and ecological implementation field studies of clinical utility in the global settings in which the guidelines will ultimately be implemented. The results of these studies have already been used in making decisions about the structure and content of ICD-11. If clinical utility is indeed among the highest aims of diagnostic systems for mental disorders, as their developers routinely claim, future revision efforts should continue to build on these efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record
TL;DR: This research developed an effective and complete green approach for the production of bionanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties by incorporating TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers into a chitosan matrix.