Mitre Corporation

About: Mitre Corporation is a company organization based out in Bedford, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Air traffic control & National Airspace System. The organization has 4884 authors who have published 6053 publications receiving 124808 citations. The organization is also known as: Mitre & MITRE.

Voiced/Unvoiced decision based on the bispectrum

Abstract: We initiate an analysis of English phonemes using the bispectrum. The first part of our work demonstrates that fricative phonemes share a certain statistical property with Gaussian data not shared by purely voiced phonemes. Namely, approximations to the bispectra of fricative phonemes tend to zero, whereas, approximations to the bispectra of voiced phonemes do not. Indeed, the bispectra of voiced phonemes have complex structure as seen from their log-magnitude plots. A Fortran program based on the above principle processes speech filtered to 4 kHz and sampled at 8 kHz. Each 180 sample (22 ms.) block is declared to be voiced, unvoiced, or silent. In addition, a numerical measure of the mixed excitation is given. An advantage of this method over conventional ones is that it is less subject to noise interference.

Intelligent multimedia information retrieval

Abstract: Foreword by Karen Sparck Jones Intelligent multimedia information retrieval lies at the intersection of artificial intelligence, information retrieval, human-computer interaction, and multimedia computing. Its systems enable users to create, process, summarize, present, interact with, and organize information within and across different media such as text, speech, graphics, imagery, and video. These systems go beyond traditional hypermedia and hypertext environments to analyze and generate media, and support intelligent interaction with or via multiple media.The chapters of this volume, which grew out of the 1995 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop on Intelligent Multimedia Information Retrieval, span a broad range of topics. The book is organized into seven sections: Content-Based Retrieval of Imagery, Content-Based Retrieval of Graphics and Audio, Content-Based Retrieval of Video, Speech and Language Processing for Video Retrieval, Architectures and Tools, Intelligent Hypermedia Retrieval, and Empirical Evaluations.Contributors : Robert Adams, Phillipe Aigrain, Jonathan Ashley, Thom Blum, Shih-Fu Chang, Mei C. Chuah, W. Bruce Croft, Byron Dom, Ann Doubleday, Florence Dubois, Josef Fink, Myron Flickner, Jonathan Foote, Brian Frew, Monika Gorkani, Morgan Green, James Griffioen, Jon Alte Gulla, Jim Hafner, Qian Hang, Matt Hare, Alexander G. Hauptman, Stacie Hibino, Helmut Horacek, David House, Takafumi Inoue, Philippe Joly, Gareth Jones, Karen Sparck Jones, Douglas Keislaer, Stephen Kerpedjiev, Alfred Kobsa, Denis Lee, Veronique Longueville, Chien Yong Low, R. Manmatha, Inderjeet Mani, Mark T. Maybury, Bernard Merialdo, Adrian Muller, Wayne Niblac, Andreas Nill, Alex Pentland, Dragutin Petkovic, Steven F. Roth, Neil C. Rowe, Elke A. Rundensteiner, Harpreet Sawhney, John R. Smith, Stephen W. Smoliar, David Steele, Adelheit Stein, Oliviero Stock, Carlo Strapparava, Alistair Sutcliffe, Atshushi Takeshita, Kazuo Tanaka, Ulrich Thiel, Michele Ryan, Julita Vassileva, James Wheaton, Michael J. Witbrock, Erling Wold, JianHua Wu, Peter Yanker, Rajendra Yavatkar, Steven J. Young, Massimo Zancanaro, HongJiang Zhang

Maternal factors in developmental toxicity

Abstract: The maternal organism provides the developing embryo with its physical environment, nutrients, and a mechanism for eliminating metabolic wastes. Since the physiological state of the pregnant female affects her ability to provide those requirements for the developing embryo, it is not surprising that there are maternal factors that can affect the wellbeing of the embryo. Extremes of maternal age in both humans and animals have been implicated in growth retardation, as well as autosomal trisomies. The influence of maternal size on fetal size is more pronounced among larger species with longer gestation periods such as humans and domestic animals. A clear relationship between the parity of the mother and potential developmental toxicity in humans has not been established due to the confounding influences of maternal age. Among laboratory rodents, however, it appears that offspring of multiparous animals are at increased risk of developmental toxicity. A variety of infectious agents, particularly viruses, have either been demonstrated or implicated as causes of developmental toxicity. In addition, hyperthermia is a possible confounding factor inherent with maternal infection. Although under experimental conditions hyperthermia is teratogenic in laboratory animals, a causative role for transient hyperthermia, which occurs during febrile states concomitant with infections, cannot be clearly established. Chronic maternal vascular disease states including essential hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes mellitus are likely to contribute to uteroplacental insufficiency and developmental toxicity. Poor maternal nutrition among humans contributes to growth retardation, but not to malformations. The production of "abnormal" maternal antibodies, such as are present in Rh incompatibility, can cause fetal wastage. An important maternal factor in humans is uteroplacental insufficiency, which can occur in normal states like twinning, as well as in abnormal conditions including reduced placental size, chronic maternal hypoxia, or uterine ischemia. Although all these maternal factors can contribute to developmental toxicity, they do not necessarily occur as isolated events. Some developmental toxicants exert deleterious effects within both the embryo and the maternal system.

Guest Editorial - Cognitive Radio: Theory and Application

Abstract: The 17 papers in this special issue focus on the theory and applications of cognitive radio.

Are We There Yet? How Redundant and Equivalent Mutants Affect Determination of Test Completeness

Abstract: Mutation score has long been used in research as a metric to measure the effectiveness of testing strategies. This paper presents evidence that mutation score lacks the desired accuracy to determine the completeness of a test suite due to noise introduced by the redundancy inherent in traditional mutation, and that dominator mutation score is a superior metric for this purpose. We evaluate the impact of different levels of redundant and equivalent mutants on mutation score and the ability to determine completeness in developing a mutation-adequate test suite. We conclude that, in the context of our model, redundant mutants make it very difficult to accurately assess test completeness. Equivalent mutants, on the other hand, have little effect on determining completeness. Based on this information, we suggest limits to redundancy and equivalency that mutation tools must achieve to be practical for general use in software testing.