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Showing papers by "Mitsubishi published in 1999"


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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the spread between spot rates on corporate and government bonds and found that the spread can be explained in terms of three elements: (1) compensation for expected default of corporate bonds; (2) compensated for state taxes; and (3) compensating for the additional systematic risk in corporate bond returns relative to government bond returns.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to explain the spread between spot rates on corporate and government bonds. We find that the spread can be explained in terms of three elements: (1) compensation for expected default of corporate bonds (2) compensation for state taxes since holders of corporate bonds pay state taxes while holders of government bonds do not, and (3) compensation for the additional systematic risk in corporate bond returns relative to government bond returns. The systematic nature of corporate bond return is shown by relating that part of the spread which is not due to expected default or taxes to a set of variables which have been shown to effect risk premiums in stock markets Empirical estimates of the size of each of these three components are provided in the paper. We stress the tax effects because it has been ignored in all previous studies of corporate bonds.

1,437 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
20 Sep 1999
TL;DR: This work shows a learning-based method for low-level vision problems-estimating scenes from images with a Markov network, and applies VISTA to the "super-resolution" problem (estimating high frequency details from a low-resolution image), showing good results.
Abstract: We show a learning-based method for low-level vision problems-estimating scenes from images. We generate a synthetic world of scenes and their corresponding rendered images. We model that world with a Markov network, learning the network parameters from the examples. Bayesian belief propagation allows us to efficiently find a local maximum of the posterior probability for the scene, given the image. We call this approach VISTA-Vision by Image/Scene TrAining. We apply VISTA to the "super-resolution" problem (estimating high frequency details from a low-resolution image), showing good results. For the motion estimation problem, we show figure/ground discrimination, solution of the aperture problem, and filling-in arising from application of the same probabilistic machinery.

630 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study shows thatpitx2 expressed in various sites participates in morphogenesis through three types of actions: the involvement of asymmetric Pitx2 expression in the entire morphogenetic process of L-R asymmetric organs; the involvement
Abstract: Pitx2, a bicoid-related homeobox gene, is involved in Rieger9s syndrome and the left-right (L-R) asymmetrical pattern formation in body plan. In order to define the genomic structure and roles of Pitx2, we analyzed the genomic structure and generated Pitx2-deficient mice with the lacZ gene in the homeobox-containing exon of Pitx2. We were able to show that among three isoforms of Pitx2, Pitx2c shows asymmetrical expression whereas Pitx2a, Pitx2b and Pitx2c show symmetrical expression. In Pitx2(−)(/)(−) embryos there was an increase in mesodermal cells in the distal end of the left lateral body wall and an amnion continuous with the lateral body wall thickened in its mesodermal layer. These changes resulted in a failure of ventral body wall closure. In lung and heart in which Pitx2 is expressed asymmetrically, right pulmonary isomerism, atrioventricular canals with prominent swelling, and juxtaposition of the atrium were detected. The hearts failed to develop tricuspid and mitral valves and a common atrioventricular valve forms. Further, dysgenesis of the Pitx2(−)(/)(−) extraocular muscle and thickening of the mesothelial layer of cornea were observed in the ocular system where Pitx2 is expressed symmetrically, and these resulted in enophthalmos. The present study shows that Pitx2 expressed in various sites participates in morphogenesis through three types of actions: the involvement of asymmetric Pitx2 expression in the entire morphogenetic process of L-R asymmetric organs; the involvement of asymmetric Pitx2 expression in the regional morphogenesis of asymmetric organs; and finally the involvement of symmetric Pitx2 expression in the regional morphogenesis of symmetric organs.

456 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings reveal an interesting correspondence of TRP7 to the background and receptor stimulation-induced cation currents in various native systems and suggest that the TRP6 channel is a new member of diacylglycerol-activated cation channels.

445 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A shape-coding control mechanism is proposed, which provides a tradeoff between texture and shape coding accuracy and is able to successfully achieve the target bit rate, effectively code arbitrarily shaped objects, and maintain a stable buffer level.
Abstract: This paper describes an algorithm which can achieve a constant bit rate when coding multiple video objects. The implementation is a nontrivial extension of the MPEG-4 rate control algorithm for single video objects which employs a quadratic rate quantizer model. The algorithm is organized into two stages: a pre- and a post-encoding stage. In the pre-encoding stage, an initial target estimate is made for each object. Based on the buffer fullness, the total target is adjusted and then distributed proportional to the relative size, motion, and variance of each object. Based on the new individual targets and rate-quantizer relation for texture, appropriate quantization parameters are calculated. After each object is encoded, the model parameters for each object are updated, and if necessary, frames are skipped to ensure that the buffer does not overflow. A preframeskip control is exercised to avoid buffer overflow when the motion and shape information occupies a significant portion of the bit budget. The rate control algorithm switches between two operation modes so that the coder can reduce the spatial coding accuracy for an improved temporal resolution. A shape-coding control mechanism is also proposed, which provides a tradeoff between texture and shape coding accuracy. Overall, the algorithm is able to successfully achieve the target bit rate, effectively code arbitrarily shaped objects, and maintain a stable buffer level. These techniques have been adopted by the MPEG committee in July 1997 as part of the video verification model (VM8).

284 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mutations in SLC4A4 cause permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis with ocular abnormalities and can lead to blindness in women and severe brain damage in men.
Abstract: Mutations in SLC4A4 cause permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis with ocular abnormalities

262 citations


Patent
08 Mar 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an easy-to-use mobile information terminal equipment which also functions as an electronic note, word processor, personal computer, and so on, which enables the user to obtain the desired screen with fewer number of operations and with less waiting time.
Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to have a desired screen displayed with shortened waiting time in using functions for the electronic note, etc., while engaging in telephone talk. Another prime objective of the present invention is to achieve an easy-to-use mobile information terminal equipment which also functions as an electronic note, word processor, personal computer, and so on. In transitting from telephone mode (cover closed status) to information terminal mode (cover opened status), the screen to be displayed is determined to be either a historical information, talk log information, or user setting screen. This enables the user to obtain the desired screen with fewer number of operations and with less waiting time.

240 citations


Proceedings Article
Matthew E. Brand1
20 Sep 1999
TL;DR: A closed-form maximum a posteriori solution for geodesics through the learned density space, thereby obtaining optimal paths over the dynamical manifold gives a completely general way to perform inference over time-series.
Abstract: The mapping between 3D body poses and 2D shadows is fundamentally many-to-many and defeats regression methods, even with windowed context. We show how to learn a function between paths in the two systems, resolving ambiguities by integrating information over the entire length of a sequence. The basis of this function is a configural and dynamical manifold that summarizes the target system's behaviour. This manifold can be modeled from data with a hidden Markov model having special topological properties that we obtain via entropy minimization. Inference is then a matter of solving for the geodesic on the manifold that best explains the evidence in the cue sequence. We give a closed-form maximum a posteriori solution for geodesics through the learned density space, thereby obtaining optimal paths over the dynamical manifold. These methods give a completely general way to perform inference over time-series; in vision they support analysis, recognition, classification and synthesis of behaviours in linear time. We demonstrate with a prototype that infers 3D from monocular monochromatic sequences (e.g., back-subtractions), without using any articulatory body model. The framework readily accommodates multiple cameras and other sources of evidence such as optical flow or feature tracking.

233 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biochemical analyses of various mutant Mcm4,6,7 complexes indicated that the ATP binding activity of the Mcm6 protein in the complex is critical for DNA helicase activity and that theMcm4 protein may play a role in the single-stranded DNA bindingActivity of the complex.
Abstract: Mcm proteins play an essential role in eukaryotic DNA replication, but their biochemical functions are poorly understood. Recently, we reported that a DNA helicase activity is associated with an Mcm4-Mcm6-Mcm7 (Mcm4,6,7) complex, suggesting that this complex is involved in the initiation of DNA replication as a DNA-unwinding enzyme. In this study, we have expressed and isolated the mouse Mcm2,4,6,7 proteins from insect cells and characterized various mutant Mcm4,6,7 complexes in which the conserved ATPase motifs of the Mcm4 and Mcm6 proteins were mutated. The activities associated with such preparations demonstrated that the DNA helicase activity is intrinsically associated with the Mcm4,6,7 complex. Biochemical analyses of these mutant Mcm4,6,7 complexes indicated that the ATP binding activity of the Mcm6 protein in the complex is critical for DNA helicase activity and that the Mcm4 protein may play a role in the single-stranded DNA binding activity of the complex. The results also indicated that the two activities of DNA helicase and single-stranded DNA binding can be separated.

217 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Raman spectroscopy was used for analysis of phase transformations and residual stress in machined silicon wafers as discussed by the authors, where wear debris from dicing of silicon was scanned with a Raman spectrometer.
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy was used for analysis of phase transformations and residual stress in machined silicon. Wear debris from dicing of silicon was scanned with a Raman spectrometer. Recorded spectra manifest the presence of amorphous Si, hexagonal phase (Si-IV), bc8 phase (Si-III) and pristine Si-I under residual stress. On surfaces of diced wafers as well as lapped silicon wafers, the r8 phase (Si-XII) was detected in addition to the above phases. The composition of phases in diced cross sections of silicon wafers differs dramatically between high and low speed cuts. The quantification of these phases was attempted by curve fitting each spectrum with corresponding peaks of each phase. Subsequently, relative intensity maps of specific phases were generated. Thus, Raman spectroscopy studies of machined surfaces demonstrated metallization of Si under a variety of machining conditions including lapping, grinding, scratching, dicing and slicing. All metastable phases of silicon disappear after etching and polishing of respective wafers. No evidence of phase transformations was found on a quartz-damaged silicon wafer surface. Residual stress having a characteristic distribution was observed in this case.

199 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased levels of ascorbate peroxidase and high levels of chloroplastic SOD in the transformant are important factors for salt resistance in rice.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
A.R. Golding1, N. Lesh
18 Oct 1999
TL;DR: This work focuses on the task of indoor navigation and shows that, by integrating information from accelerometers, magnetometers and temperature and light sensors, it can collect enough information to infer the user's location.
Abstract: Machine learning techniques are applied to the task of context awareness, or inferring aspects of the user's state given a stream of inputs from sensors worn by the person. We focus on the task of indoor navigation and show that, by integrating information from accelerometers, magnetometers and temperature and light sensors, we can collect enough information to infer the user's location. However, our navigation algorithm performs very poorly, with almost a 50% error rate, if we use only the raw sensor signals. Instead, we introduce a "data cooking" module that computes appropriate high-level features from the raw sensor data. By introducing these high-level features, we are able to reduce the error rate to 2% in our example environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Elevated phosphorylated CSF-tau levels were significantly higher in AD patients than those in non-AD controls, indicating that elevated phosphorylation in CSF is a more specific diagnostic marker for AD.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that haploinsufficiency of SHOX causes not only short stature but also Turner skeletal anomalies (such as short 4th metacarpals, cubitus valgus, and LWD) and that growth pattern is primarily dependent on the presence or absence of LWD.
Abstract: We report on clinical features in 14 Japanese patients (4 males and 10 females) with partial monosomy of the short arm pseudoautosomal region involving SHOX (n = 11) or total monosomy of the pseudoautosomal region with no involvement of disease genes on the sex-differential regions (n = 3). Skeletal assessment showed that three patients had no discernible skeletal abnormalities, one patient exhibited short 4th metacarpals and borderline cubitus valgus, and the remaining 10 patients had Madelung deformity and/or mesomelia characteristic of Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), together with short 4th metacarpals and/or cubitus valgus. Skeletal lesions were more severe in females and became obvious with age. Growth evaluation revealed that patients without LWD grew along by the -2 SD growth curve before puberty and showed a normal or exaggerated pubertal growth spurt, whereas those with LWD grew along by the standard growth curves before puberty but exhibited an attenuated pubertal growth spurt and resultant short stature. Maturational assessment indicated a tendency of relatively early maturation in patients with LWD. There was no correlation between the clinical phenotype and the deletion size. These findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of SHOX causes not only short stature but also Turner skeletal anomalies (such as short 4th metacarpals, cubitus valgus, and LWD) and that growth pattern is primarily dependent on the presence or absence of LWD. Because skeletal lesions have occurred in a female-dominant and age-influenced fashion, it is inferred that estrogens exert a maturational effect on skeletal tissues that are susceptible to premature fusion of growth plates because of haploinsufficiency of SHOX, facilitating the development of skeletal lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To investigate the frequency of heterogeneity among the multiple 16S rRNA genes within a single microorganism, direct sequencing patterns revealed the existence of 136 heterogeneous loci among a total of 33 strains, suggesting that at least two mechanisms, possibly misincorporation during DNA replication and horizontal gene transfer, cause rRNA heterogeneity.
Abstract: To investigate the frequency of heterogeneity among the multiple 16S rRNA genes within a single microorganism, we determined directly the 120-bp nucleotide sequences containing the hypervariable α region of the 16S rRNA gene from 475 Streptomyces strains. Display of the direct sequencing patterns revealed the existence of 136 heterogeneous loci among a total of 33 strains. The heterogeneous loci were detected only in the stem region designated helix 10. All of the substitutions conserved the relevant secondary structure. The 33 strains were divided into two groups: one group, including 22 strains, had less than two heterogeneous bases; the other group, including 11 strains, had five or more heterogeneous bases. The two groups were different in their combinations of heterogeneous bases. The former mainly contained transitional substitutions, and the latter was mainly composed of transversional substitutions, suggesting that at least two mechanisms, possibly misincorporation during DNA replication and horizontal gene transfer, cause rRNA heterogeneity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that M-PCR provides an accurate assay for X-inactivation and that it can be performed on various DNA samples unsuitable for restriction digestion.
Abstract: The pattern of X-chromosome inactivation in females is currently evaluated by assays of differential methylation in the genes between the active and the inactive X chromosomes, with methylation-sensitive enzymes We report a new assay in the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) locus involving a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) technique, independent of the use of restriction enzymes The assay involves the chemical modification of DNA with sodium bisulfite and subsequent PCR By using the assay with specific primers for the methylated allele, we obtained an X-inactivation pattern based on the ratio of the maternal inactive X to the paternal inactive X These patterns were consistent with those obtained by conventional PCR assay at the same locus in 48 female cases We also obtained another X-inactivation pattern based on the ratio of the maternal active X to the paternal active X by using specific primers for the unmethylated allele The latter pattern was complementary to the former pattern, and a combination of these patterns produced a reliable X-inactivation pattern The assay revealed that 12 (11%) of the 105 normal females had non-random inactivation patterns (>80:20 or <20:80) Four patients with an X; autosome translocation showed extremely non-random patterns, and these results were consistent with those obtained by previous molecular/cytogenetic studies We conclude that M-PCR provides an accurate assay for X-inactivation and that it can be performed on various DNA samples unsuitable for restriction digestion

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This method, named ‘STABLE’ (STA‐biotin linkage in emulsions), should be useful for rapid in vitro evolution of proteins and for ligand‐based selection of cDNA libraries.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: When and where the initiation regions are specified during embryogenesis are investigated and those observed in cultured cells by two-dimensional gel methods suggest that the specification levels of origin usage in 5-h embryos are in the intermediate state compared to those in more differentiated cells.
Abstract: In the early stage of Drosophila embryogenesis, DNA replication initiates at unspecified sites in the chromosome. In contrast, DNA replication initiates in specified regions in cultured cells. We investigated when and where the initiation regions are specified during embryogenesis and compared them with those observed in cultured cells by two-dimensional gel methods. In the DNA polymerase alpha gene (DNApolalpha) locus, where an initiation region, oriDalpha, had been identified in cultured Kc cells, repression of origin activity in the coding region was detected after formation of cellular blastoderms, and the range of the initiation region had become confined by 5 h after fertilization. During this work we identified other initiation regions between oriDalpha and the Drosophila E2F gene (dE2F) downstream of DNApolalpha. At least four initiation regions showing replication bubbles were identified in the 65-kb DNApolalpha-dE2F locus in 5-h embryos, but only two were observed in Kc cells. These results suggest that the specification levels of origin usage in 5-h embryos are in the intermediate state compared to those in more differentiated cells. Further, we found a spatial correlation between the active promoter regions for dE2F and the active initiation zones of replication. In 5-h embryos, two known transcripts differing in their first exons were expressed, and two regions close to the respective promoter regions for both transcripts functioned as replication origins. In Kc cells, only one transcript was expressed and functional replication origins were observed only in the region including the promoter region for this transcript.

Patent
Hideto Hidaka1
03 Jun 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a read gate amplifier is used as a block select gate for each of the local data line pairs to reduce the time required for reading of data and by reducing the write recovery time.
Abstract: A current mirror-type load circuit is provided for a global data line pair. A read gate amplifier used as a block select gate for each of the local data line pairs. A read gate amplifier includes a MOS transistor having its gate connected to a corresponding local data line. A data write driver writes the logic-inverted data of the write data upon equalization after the data write operation. A high-speed access becomes possible by reducing the time required for reading of data and by reducing the write recovery time.

Patent
29 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a feature coding unit extracts and encodes a feature of a video signal so as to generate a feature stream, and a feature identifying unit checks a decoded feature obtained as a result of decoding the feature stream against a search key from a user for a match so that a video content requested by the user is retrieved.
Abstract: A feature coding unit extracts and encodes a feature of a video signal so as to generate a feature stream. A feature identifying unit checks a decoded feature obtained as a result of decoding the feature stream against a search key from a user for a match so that a video content requested by the user is retrieved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the implied volatility σ B in terms of today's forward price F 0 ≡ F(0), the strike K of the option, and the time to expiry tex.
Abstract: We consider European calls and puts on an asset whose forward price F(t) obeys dF(t)=α(t)A(F)dW(t,) under the forward measure. By using singular perturbation techniques, we obtain explicit algebraic formulas for the implied volatility σ B in terms of today's forward price F 0 ≡ F(0), the strike K of the option, and the time to expiry tex . The price of any call or put can then be calculated simply by substituting this implied volatility into Black's formula. For example, for a power law (constant elasticity of variance) model dF(t)=aFβ dW(t) we obtain σ B = a/f aυ 1− β {1 + (1−β)(2+β)/24 (F 0 − K/f aυ)2 + (1 − β)2/24 a 2 tex /f aυ 2−2β +…} where f aυ = ½(F 0 + K). Our formula for the implied volatility is not exact. However, we show that the error is insignificant, rarely approaching 1/1000 of the time value of the option. We also present more accurate (albeit more complicated) formulas which can be used for the implied volatility.

Patent
Katsuhiko Aoki1
15 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a single horn with four internally inserted dielectric bars acts as if it is partitioned into four horns, and the four bars are excited by externally applied electromagnetic waves.
Abstract: A monopulse antenna apparatus and antenna structure comprising a single horn having four dielectric bars which are internally inserted into the horn and symmetrically positioned along the axis of the horn. Each one end of the bars are fixed to the end wall of a rectangular waveguide and the other end is extending outwardly along the axis of the rectangular waveguide, thus these four dielectric bars are excited by externally applied electromagnetic waves. The four dielectric bars respectively cause the electric field to converge on the bars, and the single horn with four internally inserted dielectric bars acts as if it is partitioned into four horns.

Journal ArticleDOI
S.F. Frisken-Gibson1
TL;DR: A linked volume representation that enables physically realistic modeling of object interactions such as: collision detection, collision response, 3D object deformation, and interactive object modification by carving, cutting, tearing, and joining is presented.
Abstract: In volume graphics, objects are represented by arrays or clusters of sampled 3D data. A volumetric object representation is necessary in computer modeling whenever interior structure affects an object's behavior or appearance. However, existing volumetric representations are not sufficient for modeling the behaviors expected in applications such as surgical simulation, where interactions between both rigid and deformable objects and the cutting, tearing, and repairing of soft tissues must be modeled in real time. Three-dimensional voxel arrays lack the sense of connectivity needed for complex object deformation, while finite element models and mass-spring systems require substantially reduced geometric resolution for interactivity and they can not be easily cut or carved interactively. This paper discusses a linked volume representation that enables physically realistic modeling of object interactions such as: collision detection, collision response, 3D object deformation, and interactive object modification by carving, cutting, tearing, and joining. The paper presents a set of algorithms that allow interactive manipulation of linked volumes that have more than an order of magnitude more elements and considerably more flexibility than existing methods. Implementation details, results from timing tests, and measurements of material behavior are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Enterovirus 71 is one of the pathogenic viruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome, as well as a variety of other clinical manifestations, the most important of these is neurologic disease, especially in infants and young children.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that phosphorylation of histone H3 is a key event instigating localization of TOP2A to the centromeric heterochromatin and condensation of chromosomes as spermatocytes exit prophase and progress to metaphase is tested.
Abstract: Mechanisms of chromosome condensation and segregation during the first meiotic division are not well understood. Resolution of recombination events to form chiasmata is important, for it is chiasmata that hold homologous chromosomes together for their oppositional orientation on the meiotic metaphase spindle, thus ensuring their accurate segregation during anaphase I. Events at the centromere are also important in bringing about proper attachment to the spindle apparatus. This study was designed to correlate the presence and activity of two proteins at the centromeric heterochromatin, topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and histone H3, with the processes of chromosome condensation and individualization of chiasmate bivalents in murine spermatocytes. We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of histone H3 is a key event instigating localization of TOP2A to the centromeric heterochromatin and condensation of chromosomes as spermatocytes exit prophase and progress to metaphase. Activity of topoisomerase II is required for condensation of chromatin at the end of meiotic prophase. Histone H3 becomes phosphorylated at the end of prophase, beginning with its phosphorylation at the centromeric heterochromatin in the diplotene stage. However, it cannot be involved in localization of TOP2A, since TOP2A is localized to the centromeric heterochromatin throughout most of meiotic prophase. This observation suggests a meiotic function for TOP2A in addition to its role in chromatin condensation. The use of kinase inhibitors demonstrates that phosphorylation of histone H3 can be uncoupled from meiotic chromosome condensation; therefore other proteins, such as those constituting metaphase-promoting factor, must be involved. These results define the timing of important meiotic events at the centromeric heterochromatin and provide insight into mechanisms of chromosome condensation for meiotic metaphase.

Patent
18 Nov 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a control operation for extending an opening period of a change-over valve which is adapted to switch a low-pressure accumulator and a high pressure accumulator from one to the other during a fuel injection operation is carried out to increase a flow rate of a fuel supplied to the low pressure accumulators and thereby reduce the pressure in the high pressure accumulation.
Abstract: During a transitional operation of an engine in which an engine load is changed suddenly from a high load to a low load, a control operation for extending an opening period of a change-over valve which is adapted to switch a low-pressure accumulator and a high-pressure accumulator from one to the other during a fuel injection operation is carried out to increase a flow rate of a fuel supplied to the low-pressure accumulator and thereby reduce the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator, whereby a response delay of the fuel pressure in the high-pressure accumulator is minimized. During a transitional operation of the engine in which the engine is in an accelerated operation, the change-over valve is kept open until the fuel pressure in the low-pressure accumulator, which is connected to the portion of a fuel passage which is on the downstream side of the change-over valve adapted to switch the low-pressure accumulator and high-pressure accumulator from one to the other during a fuel injection operation, reaches an indicated level, and until a predetermined period of time elapses after the fuel injection finishing time, whereby the formation of a fuel pressure in the low-pressure accumulator is promoted to obtain injection condition suiting the operating condition of the engine.

Patent
22 Jun 1999
TL;DR: A process for making cycloalkyldimethanol, including hydrogenating at least one cycloalkldicarboxylic acid and/or an alkyl ester thereof with a catalyst, is described in this paper, where the catalyst contains ruthenium, tin and platinum.
Abstract: A process for making cycloalkyldimethanol, includes hydrogenating at least one cycloalkyldicarboxylic acid and/or an alkyl ester thereof with a catalyst, to produce a cycloalkyldimethanol, where the catalyst contains ruthenium, tin and platinum. Also, a method for regenerating a used catalyst, includes contacting the used catalyst with a base, where the catalyst includes ruthenium, tin and platinum.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The increased expression of the Hypoxia inducible genes suggests that hypoxia occurs in the mutant embryos and that it may lead to strong gasping respiration with consequent aspiration of the amniotic fluid containing meconium.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Food deprivation of mice for 1 to 3 days progressively enhanced tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus, to a lesser extent in the cerebral cortex, but the effect was least in the cerebellum, in correspondence with the regional selectivity of tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A general method of creating entirely new molecular‐recognition sites on GFPs by inserting a protein domain containing a desired molecular‐binding site into a surface loop of GFP is described.