Showing papers by "Mobil published in 1970"

Crystalline zeolite zsm-11

Abstract: A CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITE, DESIGNATED ZSM-11, HAVING THE COMPOSITION AS FOLLOWS: 0.9$0.3M2O:W2O3-20 TO 90 YO2:ZH2O WHEREIN M IS A CATION, N IS TTHE VALENCE OF SAID CATION, W IS ALUMINUM OR GALLIUM, Y IS SILICON OR GERMANIUM AND Z IS FROM 6 TO 12, SAID ZEOLITE CHARACTERIZED BY SPECIFIED X-RAY DIFFRACTION VALUES, SAID ZEOLITE IS PREPARED BY DIGESTING A REACTION MIXTURE COMPRISING (R4X)2O, SODIUM OXIDE, AN OXIDE OF ALUMINUM OR GALLIUM, AN OXIDE OF SILICON OR GERMANIUM, AND WATER, R4X BEING A CATION OF A QUATERNARY COMPOUND. ORGANIC COMPOUND CONVERSION IS CARRIED OUT IN THE PRESENCE OF CATALYTICALLY-ACTIVE FORMS OF SAID ZEOLITE.

Kinetics of catalytic cracking selectivity in fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors

Abstract: A kinetic mathematical model of catalytic cracking is described which accounts for conversion and gasoline yield in isothermal fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors The model has been tested and verified by using laboratory moving bed data with a commercial gas oil and catalyst It is shown that under certain conditions, the selectivity behavior and maximum gasoline yield of fixed, fluid, and moving bed reactors will be identical Maximum gasoline yield is defined in terms of both the kinetic parameters and the process variables for fixed, moving, and fluid bed reactors

Olites catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons with mixture of zsm-5 and other ze

Abstract: HYDROCARBONS ARE CRACKED TO PRODUCTS BOILING IN THE MOTOR FUEL RANGE BY USING A CATALYST MIXTURE COMPRISING A LARGE PORE SIZE ZEOLITE SUCH AS ZEOLITE Y AND A SMALLER PORE SIZE ZEOLITE OF THE ZSM-5 TYPE. IN A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, A SILICEOUS MATRIX MATERIAL IS ALSO USED. THE USE OF THE ZSM-5 TYPE ZEOLITE RESULTS IN OBTAINING A FUEL HAVING AN INCREASED OCTANE NUMBER AND IN INCREASED YIELDS OF C3 AND C4 OLEFINS. THESE OLEFINS CAN BE UTILIZED IN MAKING ADDITIONAL GASOLINE OR THEY CAN BE USED TO PREPARE CHEMICALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY.

Pulsed Nmr study of the temperature hysteresis in the agar-water system

Abstract: A large temperature hysteresis is observed in the nmr relaxation times of the water and agar hydrogen nuclei which corresponds to that of the sol-gel transition. Self-diffusion measurements of the water in the gel state indicate that the motions of the great majority of the water molecules are essentially unaffected by the presence of the agar molecules. These results indicate that the major portion of the water molecules in the agar-water system is not in an “icelike” or modified state.

Tectonic Significance of Regional Geology and Evaporite Lithofacies in Northeastern Ethiopia

Abstract: Mesozoic and Precambrian rocks are exposed in the Danakil Alps of coastal Eritrea, but the Danakil Depression between the Alps and the Ethiopian plateau is covered by Tertiary-Quaternary rocks. The physiography, structural geology, regional stratigraphy and evaporite lithof acies distribution of this area all suggest that it is underlain by an asymmetrically subsided block of old sialic crust. The western edge of this block has subsided deeply along the Ethiopian rift and is covered, in the Danakil Depression, by an evaporite-basalt veneer, but its eastern edge has been uplifted as the Danakil Alps. These are bounded on the east by a rift escarpment facing the Red Sea. Although geologic data here is sparse compared to the Danakil region, certain features suggest that a similar asymmetrically subsided block of older sialic rocks, with an evaporite-basalt veneer, may also lie beneath much of the Red Sea. This tectonic evolution apparently commenced in Miocene time with rifting near the centre of an earlier Mesozoic-Paleogene sedimentary basin. Uplift along this central rift caused tensional failure along a secondarily induced rift to the west, and east-side-down subsidence along this structure formed the asymmetrically subsided block. There were apparently two successive cycles of this tectonic activity. The earlier, of Miocene age, formed the easterly (Red Sea) block with a thicker veneer of older evaporitebasalt, and the later, of Plio-Pleistocene age formed the westerly (Danakil) block with a thinner veneer of younger evaporite-basalt. The separation of Arabia from Ethiopia across the southern Red Sea would thus be relatively minor, presumably represented by the width of the Red Sea’s axial trough plus a few kilometres across each of the Danakil Alp and Ethiopian rifts. Similar tectonic developments may accompany initial rifting and separation in the development of ocean basins by seafloor spreading, and might explain why oceans like the Atlantic, that have apparently developed in this manner, are fringed by shallow continental shelves with thick evaporite sequences and steep walled submarine canyons.

An Investigation of Wellbore Storage and Skin Effect in Unsteady Liquid Flow: II. Finite Difference Treatment

Abstract: An investigation of the effect of well bore storage and skin effect on transient flow was conducted using a finite-difference so lution to the basic partial differential equation. The concept of skin effect was· generalized to include a damaged annular region adjacent to the wellbore (a composite reservoir). The numerical solutions were compared with analytical solutions for cases with the usual steady-state skin effect. It was found that the solutions for a finite-capacity skin effect compared clos~ly with analytical solutions at short times (wellbore storage controlled) and at long times after the usual straight line was reached. For intermediate times, presence of a finite-cap acity skin effect caused· significant departures from the infinitesimal skin solutions. Two straight lines occurred on the drawdown plot for cases of large radius of damage. The first had a slope characteristic of the flow capacity of the damaged region; the second straight line had a slop e characteristic of the flow capacity of the undamaged region. Results are presented both in tabular form and as log-log plots of dimensionless pressures vs dimensionless times. The log-log plot may be used in a type-curve matching pro cedure to analyze short-time (before normal straight line) well-test data.

Fcc catalyst section control

Abstract: In the fluid catalytic cracking process, improved adaptive behavior of the catalyst section with the regenerator operating in the complete CO-burning mode is achieved by including, as elements of control, variable preheat of the air feed and variable recycle of regenerated catalyst to spent catalyst. In response to excursions of the regenerated catalyst temperature, such as would be caused by change of feedstock, the air preheat temperature and recycle ratio are altered in a direction to restore the regenerated catalyst temperature to a predetermined value. The improved control system extends the useful control range, and it also diminishes counterproductive changes in severity induced by disturbances such as change of feedstock quality.

Coordinated complexes of mannich bases

Abstract: METAL COMPLEXES EXHIBITING DETERGENCY AND NEUTRALIZING PROPERTIES IN ORGANIC FLUIDS ARE PREPARED BY REACTING A MANNICH PRODUCT WITH A METAL SALT OF AN ACID. EXEMPLARY OF THE MANNICH PRODUCTS USED ARE THOSE PREPARED FROM AMINES, POLYALKYLPHENOLS AND ALDEHYDES.

Collapsible sanitary container and container liner

Abstract: A package receptacle of book-fold type containing a disposable waterproof (e.g., plastic) liner bag for the package receptacle when opened provides a sanitary container useful as a pet animal toilet station. The package receptacle comprises means in its side and/or end walls whereby, when the opened package is lined with the disposable liner bag such that the walls of the open end of the liner bag are folded over the top edge of the side and end walls of the opened package receptacle, a portion of the folded over portion of the liner bag is securely held in place by said means to effectuate a useful sanitary container.

Fuel systems for engines

Abstract: Fuel-powered engines are operated in combination with a catalytic converter for the conversion of low octane fuel to high octane fuel which is then introduced into the engine to provide light high octane components for burning in the engine. The catalytic converter includes a catalyst chamber containing a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst having an alpha value of at least five and preferably of the ZSM-5 or ZSM-8 type of zeolite. On passage through the catalytic converter, low octane fuel is converted to high hydrocarbon gases and introduced into the engine for burning.

Selective sorption of less polar molecules with crystalline zeolites of high silica/alumina ratio

Abstract: A METHOD OF SELECTIVELY SORBING A COMPOUND OF LOW POLARITY IN ADMIXTURE WITH A COMPOUND OF THE SAME OR GREATER POLARITY WHICH COMPRISES PASSING THE MIXTURE OVER A CRYSTALLINE ALUMINOSILICATE HAVING A SILICA/ALUMINA MOLLE RATIO OF AT LEAST 35.

Apparatus for improving signal-to-noise ratio in logging-while-drilling system

Abstract: The specification discloses a method and apparatus for substantially reducing the uphole noise in a logging-while-drilling system wherein a signal representative of a downhole parameter is generated down a well and is transmitted to the surface in the form of an acoustical wave in the drilling fluid, e.g., mud. Two spaced transducers measure the acoustical pressure at two points in the mudline between the pumps and the well and convert these pressures to corresponding signals. One of these signals is time shifted an amount equal to the travel time of sound in the mud between the two transducers and, after one of these signals has had its polarity reversed, the two signals are added to reduce the uphole noise substantially. By filtering one of the pressure measurement signals with a filter having characteristics related to the distortion of the flow path between the two spaced transducers, noise is further reduced. The combined signals are further filtered with a Wiener type filter which best recovers the signal.

Separating fluids with selective membranes

Abstract: Gaseous or liquid components are concentrated or separated from others differing in molecular size or shape and/or solubility characteristics in homogeneous multicomponent mixtures (e.g., concentrating hydrogen in a hydrogen-methane mixture) by permeation through an ultrathin cross-linked plasma-discharge polymerizate layer of high permselectivity and controlled thickness supported on or bonded to a face of a fluid-permeable substrate. Membranes are prepared by ionizing and polymerizing vaporized monomeric organic compounds (e.g., benzonitrile) at low subatmospheric pressures by a plasma glow discharge which deposits and bonds unbroken cross-linked coatings of about 0.1 to 0.5 micron total thickness onto thicker preformed substrates (e.g., films of polymeric siloxanes or polyphenylene oxide) of adequate strength.

Coordinated complexes of nitrogenous compounds

Abstract: Metal complexes useful as additives in industrial fluids to improve the detergency and neutralizing characteristics thereof are produced by reacting a metal salt of an acid with an organic nitrogen compound. The specific metal complexes of the invention are formed by reacting an alkylene polyamine with an aldehyde, followed by reacting this product with (1) the metal salt and (2) an alkenylsuccinic acid or aldehyde in the order 1, 2 or 2, 1.

Demetalation of hydrocarbon charge stocks

Abstract: This specification discloses the demetalation of a hydrocarbon charge stock. The demetalation procedure involves contacting the hydrocarbon charge stock with hydrogen in the presence of, as a catalyst, a material derived from the naturally-occurring underwater deposit known as a manganese nodule. The manganese nodule may be employed without pretreatment or may be pretreated by sulfiding or by leaching to remove and recover one or more valuable metallic constituents. The manganese nodule catalyst, after it has become deactivated by use, may be processed to remove and recover one or more valuable metallic constituents.

Simulation of a Partial Pressure Maintenance Gas Cycling Project with a Compositional Model, Carson Creek Field, Alberta

Abstract: A study of gas cycling the Carson Creek gas condensate reservoirs while reservoir pressure is declining due to gas sales is discussed. Laboratory experiments were performed to study revaporization of condensed Carson Creek liquid with lean gas. A 2-dimensional, 3-phase, 12-component finite difference model was used to simulate 6 yr of cycling history and to predict future performance. The model was developed to give accurate results at rapid computing speeds while simulating phase equilibrium and unsteady-state flow. Three cases of reservoir depletion were studied: (1) continued cycling with low-rate gas sales; (2) cycling with normal-rate gas sales; and (3) depletion without further cycling. Results from the laboratory experiments indicated that substantial amounts of Carson Creek retrograde liquid would be revaporized by lean injected gas. The results from the model study showed that after 6 yr of cycling, partial cycling with normal-rate gas sales was the most economical of the schemes studied. (12 refs.)

Catalytic hydrocracking of hydrocarbons

Abstract: HYDROCARBONS ARE HYDROCRACKED TO PRODUCTS BOILING IN THE MOTOR FUEL RANGE BY USING A CATALYST MIXTURE COMPRISING HYDROGENATION COMPONENTS, A LARGE PORE SIZE ZEOLITE SUCH AS ZEROLITE X OR Y AND A SMALLER PORE SIZE ZEOLITE OF THE ZSM-5-TYPE. IN A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, A SILICEOUS MARTIX MATERIAL IS ALSO USED. THE USE OF THE ZSM-5 TYPE ZEOLITE RESULTS IN OBTAINING A FUEL HAVING AN INCREASED OCTANE NUMBER.

Secondary air control in catalytic vehicle exhaust purification system

Abstract: Control of secondary air flow to a dual bed catalytic converter is provided by sensing engine temperature at a location remote from the converter and applying a control function in response thereto to switch air flow between the first and second catalytic beds of the converter. During warm-up secondary air input is directed to the first catalyst bed, but is switched to the second catalyst bed when the temperature in the flow path between the beds reaches about 1,000* F. Engine temperature at a point remote from the beds, e.g. engine coolant temperature, is correlated to the temperature at the outlet of the first catalyst bed thereby enabling sensing of a significantly lower temperature level to control switching of air input to the catalyst beds. A secondary air control valve is operated by application thereto of the engine intake manifold pressure in response to sensed coolant temperature to switch secondary air input between the beds.

On a free interface problem for linear ordinary differential equations and the one-phase Stefan problem

Abstract: A numerical method for the solution of the one-phase Stefan problem is discussed. By discretizing the time variable the Stefan problem is reduced to a sequence of free boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations which are solved by conversion to initial value problems. The numerical solution is shown to converge to the solution of the Stefan problem with decreasing time increments. Sample calculations indicate that the method is stable provided the proper algorithm is chosen for integrating the initial value problems.

Microfolding in the Castile and Todilto Evaporites, Texas and New Mexico

Abstract: The Castile laminated calcite-anhydrite of Eddy County, New Mexico, and Culberson County, Texas, and the Todilto laminated calcite of Valencia County, New Mexico, contain small-scale fold chains characterized by varying degrees of buckle shortening in successive laminae. These microfolds are associated with larger folds and have apparently resulted from compression generated by tectonism. In the Castile formation, anhydrite laminae, with an average thickness of about 1.1 mm, alternate with thinner calcite laminae (usually about 0.4 mm) which have thickened and thinned in the deformed zones to accommodate folding of the anhydrite laminae. Castile micro-folds generally have a wavelength of less than 1 cm and occur in hinge areas of “megafolds” with wave-lengths of about 0.5 to 2.5 m. The microfolds are cylindrical and have uniform axial trends. Particular zones in the Castile sequence were predisposed to microfolding, a tendency which apparently existed for tens of kilometers. In these zones, relatively thin anhydrite laminae commonly have been deformed by buckling, whereas thicker anhydrite laminae commonly have reacted to stress by increasing in thickness normal to bedding; laminae of intermediate thickness have been deformed by a combination of these processes. Thicker anhydrite laminae in some places have acted as struts which have prevented or reduced the degree of buckling of adjacent thinner laminae. The over-all style of microfolding has been determined usually by variability in the thickness of successive calcite and anhydrite laminae. In the Todilto limestone member, white laminae of finely crystalline calcite with thicknesses up to about 0.5 mm are intermittently present. These laminae commonly are micro-folded. Usually only a single lamina is involved in the microfolding, and adjacent dark colored, coarser crystalline limestone layers are unfolded. The folds, in profile, are of irregular pattern and usually have wavelengths between about 0.5 to 1.0 cm. In plan, the folds are composed of a complex array of miniature highs and depressions; no trend is apparent. The Todilto limestone at the locality studied apparently reacted to compressive stress by increasing in thickness normal to bedding as well as by buckling. The white, lithologically distinct laminae were subjected to buckle shortening, took up slack, and were microfolded in open spaces generated along bedding surfaces as layer-parallel shortening of adjacent dark limestone beds took place. Many microfolds in other laminated and thin-bedded sequences probably had origins analogous to those of the Castile and Todilto formations.

Oil well flow control method

Abstract: This specification discloses a method and apparatus for controlling flow of a multiphase fluid stream from a partially depleting supply source such as a pumping oil well so that the flow rate of the liquid phase thereof is maintained substantially constant. Where said source is an oil well, the multiphase fluid is pumped from the well into a separator where it is separated into its liquid and gas phases. A constant volume pump withdraws liquid from the separator at a set flow rate. A conduit connects the separator back to the well and has a valve therein which is controlled by the liquid level in the separator whereby a portion of the liquid in the separator can be returned to the well to maintain sufficient fluid in the well for the well pump to operate at its capacity.

Radial (secondary) flows in rheogoniometric devices

Abstract: Rotational flows of Newtonian fluids are considered in order to determine the influences of inertia-driven secondary motions upon the operation of viscometric and rheogoniometric devices. An analytic approximation valid at low but finiteReynolds numbers is seen to describe the macroscopic secondary motion over the range of conditions studied experimentally in a parallel plate device. In the case of a cone and plate device a similar analysis produces an equation of the correct general form. The range ofReynolds numbers studied, though modest, extends beyond the range of interest in viscometry.

Highly permeable thermoplastic film perforating

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly permeable film products and a method for the production of such products comprising continuously passing relatively unpermeable, unperforated film stock through the nip of a pair of counter-rotating rollers. One of the rollers, i.e. a perforating roller, is provided around the circumference thereof, with a plurality of relatively dull needles or brads which serve to puncture the film as it passes through the nip formed by the perforating roller and a second back-up roller. As the film is being perforated it is firmly anchored and supported in a transverse direction by both the back-up roller and a resilient elastomeric material positioned around the periphery of the perforating roller, whereby efficient and positive film perforation is achieved at high film throughput rates.

Apparatus for and method of controlling the firing of seismic sound sources

Abstract: A digital control system for establishing preset delays in firing a plurality of pneumatic sound sources. Predetermined firing command delays between system triggering and source triggering are set by appropriately setting each of a plurality of digital switches associated with the sources. As the elapsed time represented by a count in a command delay register and each of the predetermined delay times set by the switches becomes equal as determined by a coincidence detector, fire commands are generated for each of the sources. After the sources are fired, counts accumulated in firing delay registers associated with the sources are terminated and the counts, which correspond to the delays between triggering and actual firing of the sources, are displayed.

Reactivation of deactivated zeolite catalysts

Abstract: CRYSTALLINE ALUMINOSILICATE CATALYSTS CHARACTERIZED BY A SILICA TO ALUMINA MOLE RATIO OF GREATER THAN ABOUT 6 AND A PORE SIZE RANGING FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 13 ANGSTROM UNITS LOSE THEIR ACTIVITY AFTER CONSIDERABLE USE IN HYDROCARBON CONVERSION REACTIONS AND ARE REGENERATED BY CONTACT, UNDER PARTICULARLY DEFINED CONDITIONS, WITH A SOURCE OF HYDROGEN IONS OR HYDROGEN ION PRECURSORS.

Method of forming and maintaining offshore ice structures

Abstract: The specification discloses a method of constructing and maintaining an ice structure at a desired, frigid, offshore location which can be used for drilling and/or producing oil wells. An ice floe or a part of a fast ice mass forms the base on which ice is accumulated to form the structure. The ice can be accumulated by spraying, flooding, or piling up of ice. The structure may be reinforced and has means to protect it from marginal melting during the ''''summer'''' months.