Showing papers by "Mobil published in 1981"

In-situ combustion method for recovery of heavy oil utilizing oxygen and carbon dioxide as initial oxidant

Abstract: An in-situ combustion method for recovering viscous oil from a subterranean, viscous oil-containing formation comprising injecting a mixture of essentially pure oxygen and carbon dioxide into the formation to initiate an in-situ combustion operation followed by injecting essentially pure oxygen.

System for transmitting ultrasonic energy through core samples

Abstract: A system for measuring ultrasonic (50 Khz-10 Mhz) velocity and attenuation in core samples employs transmitting and receiving transducers for generating and receiving ultrasonic energy in a core sample. The transducer and core sample are contained in a high pressure cell. The transducers are isolated from the high pressure of the cell by suitable housings, allowing the transducers to operate at ambient pressure.

Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking

Abstract: Octane and total yield improvement in catalytic cracking processes can be attained by the addition to conventional cracking catalysts of very small amounts of additive catalyst comprising a class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12. The additive catalyst is added to the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process in an amount which provides the zeolite component of the additive catalyst at from about 0.01 weight percent to about 1.0 weight percent of the conventional cracking catalyst in the cracking process.

Lunar seismology : the internal structure of the moon.

Abstract: The direct P and S wave arrival times are the primary data set that can be measured on the seismograms of natural lunar seismic events. Polarization filtering techniques allow the enhancement of secondary body wave arrivals and record curves to identify the secondary phases and deduce structural information. Finally, shear wave amplitude vs. distance curves yield information on the location and magnitude of seismic velocity gradients in the interior. The results of these analyses show that the moon appears to have a two-layer crust at all four seismic stations: a 20 km upper crust that seems to be constant at all sites and a lower crust that is 40 km thick at stations 12 and 14 (mare), 55 + or - 10 km at station 16 (highland), and tentatively either 40 km or 70 km at station 15. The lower mantle extends from 480 km to at least 1100 km depth which is the maximum depth of penetration of all but a few seismic waves used as data. No definitive evidence for or against a lunar core exists.

Metamorphosis of south platte and arkansas rivers, eastern colorado

Abstract: The Arkansas and South Platte Rivers in eastern Colorado have changed dramatically during the past 150 years. Earlier, they were relatively straight, wide, braided, intermittent streams. However, percolation of irrigation water into and through valley alluvium has raised water tables, and flow regulation has produced more uniform flow into the rivers. As a result new floodplains formed, and bank and floodplain vegetation became denser, as if a climatic change to more humid conditions had occurred. The rivers became narrower and more sinuous due to perennial stream flow, abstraction of sediment with irrigation water, and a decrease in discharge during drought. Three reaches of these rivers responded differently to the changes. The South Platte River and a reach of the Arkansas River narrowed and developed a single thalweg. In contrast, a reach of the Arkansas River at Bent's Old Fort began to meander as a result of an increase of suspended sediment load. All of the reaches are near a pattern threshold.

Friction reducing additives and compositions thereof

Abstract: Certain borated additive compounds, such as borated mixed ethoxylated amines and ethoxylated amides or hydroxyalkyl imidazolines and hydroxyesters or hydrolyzed hydroxyalkyl imidazolines and ethoxylated amides and combinations thereof, provide highly effective multifunctional characteristics for various lubricating media into which they are incorporated.

Silico-crystal ZSM-48 method of preparing same and catalytic conversion therewith

Abstract: A new porous silico-crystal, designated as ZSM-48, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows: (005 to 5) Nsub2 O: (01 to 10)Msub2 /subn O: (0 to 4)Alsub2 O 3 : (100)SiO 2 wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n, N is a mixture of C 2 -C 12 alkylamine and more preferably of C 3 -C 5 tetramethyl ammonium compound, and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive X-ray powder diffraction pattern shown in Table I

Comparison of Solutions to a Three-Dimensional Black-Oil Reservoir Simulation Problem (includes associated paper 9741 )

Abstract: Summary A comparison of solutions to a three-dimensional black-oil reservoir simulation problem is presented. The test of the problem and a brief description of the seven simulators used in the study are given.

Polymer foam process

Abstract: Thermoplastic foams of polystyrene, for example, are prepared with a blowing agent which is a mixture of an organic plasticizing blowing agent, such as pentane, and an atmospheric gas, such as carbon dioxide. Typically, such foams prepared with organic blowing agent alone were aged prior to thermoforming the foam into articles. Foams prepared with the mixed blowing agent of this invention exhibit the advantage of reduced atmospheric emissions on aging.

Pressure and velocity detectors for seismic exploration

Abstract: Pressure and velocity detectors produce outputs which are combined to substantially cancel ghost reflections. The pressure detector produces a positive output in response to upwardly travelling compressional waves and a negative output in response to downwardly travelling rarefaction waves. The velocity detector for this is a positive output in response to upwardly travelling compressional waves and a positive output in response to downwardly travelling rarefaction waves. These outputs are filtered so that the impulse response of the rarefaction waves cancels. The filtered outputs are combined to produce an output in which the ghost reflection is substantially suppressed.

Process for converting ethane to aromatics over gallium-activated zeolite

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting gaseous feedstocks containing ethane to liquid aromatics by contacting said gaseous feeds in the absence of added air or oxygen, under conversion conditions, with a crystalline zeolite catalyst having incorporated therein a minor amount of gallium, thereby converting the ethane in the feedstock to aromatics and recovering a liquid mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene.

Selective sorption by zeolites

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon separation process by the selective sorption properties of certain members of a novel class of zeolites is provided. The novel class of zeolites is characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than 12 and a Constraint Index within the approximate range of greater than about 2 to about 12. The process of this invention involves selective separation of higher molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds in admixture with lower molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds within a homolgous series by contacting the respective mixture with a zeolite having a SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 mole ratio of at least about 12 and a Constraint Index with the approximate range of greater than 2 to about 12, to effect the selective sorption of said higher molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds by said zeolite.

Crystal structure of a synthetic high silica zeolite—ZSM-39

Abstract: The crystal structure of a high silica zeolite ZSM-39, unit cell composition excluding residual water and occluded materials—(Na, tetramethylammonium ion, tetraethylammonium ion)0.4 (AlO2)0.4 (SiO2)135.6, was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The framework is pseudoface-centred, pseudocubic with a = 19.36±0.02 A and ideal symmetry Fd3m. The framework consists of a space-filling arrangement of pentagonal dodecahedra and hexakaidecahedra and is isostructural with the 17 A cubic gas hydrate. The ZSM-39 framework is composed entirely of five- and six-rings which limits its sorptive and exchange properties. However, the large fraction of five-rings and the high Si/Al ratio (>40) impart a high thermal stability. ZSM-39 containing no aluminium constitutes the end member composition. Although ZSM-39 is the only synthetic zeolite analogue of a gas hydrate, we propose here two related hypothetical frameworks containing pentagonal dodecahedral cages.

Free-standing thermoplastic bag construction

Abstract: The present invention relates to thermoplastic bag constructions capable of standing in an open and erect position without the extraneous support means normally employed with such bags. The bag is characterized by having a bottom gusset and heat sealed side seams which form the lateral bag edges. The individual walls of the bottom gusset are sealed to the adjacent bag walls utilizing a plurality of spaced apart vertical heat seals which are arranged in a predetermined pattern whereby when the bag is open the bag bottom assumes an elliptical configuration and is self-supporting as a result of the stiffening effect of the vertical heat seals.

Seismic energy release of the moon

Abstract: Lunar seismicity is investigated by calculating various source parameters for a number of shallow and deep-focus moonquakes. The seismic moment, seismic energy release, annual seismic energy release, stress drop, and body-wave magnitude are determined for the largest shallow moonquakes and for large deep-focus events. It is found that the shallow events dominate the lunar seismic energy release, that tidal dissipation may account for the energy release by the deep-focus events, and that the stress drops for the deep-focus events are comparable to or smaller than the calculated tidal stresses. A comparison of the results with terrestrial data indicates that the seismic characteristics of a planet are controlled more by tectonic style and state than by the relative magnitude of the driving forces.

FCC Reactor with a downflow reactor riser

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process and apparatus using a riser and a reactor for cracking of petroleum feeds in the presence of a catalyst and a regenerator for regenerating the spent catalyst are improved by providing a downflow riser. The downflow riser assures uniform distribution of the catalyst throughout the feed, decreases contact time of the catalyst with the feed and decreases the amount of coke made in the process.

Enhancement of zeolite catalytic activity

Abstract: A method is provided for increasing the catalytic activity of acid zeolite catalysts characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12, comprising contacting said zeolite catalysts with water for a sufficient treating time, temperature and water partial pressure to bring about said increased activity. The increase in catalytic activity is within a zone of enhanced activity, said zone is defined as encompassing all those conditions of treating time, temperature and water partial pressure and combinations thereof which yield catalytic activities greater than initial catalyst activity. The zeolite of enhanced activity of the method of the present invention can be utilized in improved acid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes such as cracking, hydrocracking, alkylation, dealkylation, transalkylation, isomerization, dimerization, oligomerization, polymerization, addition, disproportionation, aromatization and hydration.

Drilling technique for providing multiple-pass penetration of a mineral-bearing formation

Abstract: This specification discloses a technique of providing a wellbore that is extended along a track from the surface of the earth and penetrates and passes through a subsurface mineral-bearing formation a plurality of times. The wellbore is initially extended from the surface of the earth into the earth's crust in essentially a vertical direction and then is deviated toward the horizontal and extended to pass through the subsurface mineral-bearing formation from top to bottom at an oblique angle. The wellbore is then further deviated and extended along a track in an upwardly direction such that it again penetrates and passes through the subsurface mineral-bearing formation, this time from bottom to top. The wellbore may then again be deviated and extended along a downward track to again penetrate the formation from the top.

Preparation of ZSM-12 type zeolites

Abstract: A new and useful improvement in the method for preparing synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite ZSM-12 is provided. The improved method comprises synthesizing ZSM-12 in the presence of cyclic quaternary amine halides as templates rather than the conventional template of tetraethylammonium.

Method for enhancing catalytic activity

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed for use in a catalytic conversion process that utilizes a zeolite catalyst, and that contains a catalytically deleterious impurity, is refined by contact with a zeolitic sorbent. The invention is applicable to dewaxing, with an example illustrating reduction by 100° F. of the initial equilibrium (lineout) temperature by the method of this invention. Other reactions include conversions of aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylation, isomerization and disproportionation.

Friction reduction additives and compositions thereof

Abstract: Ethoxylated amines and their borated derivatives are effective friction modifying additives when incorporated into various hydrocarbyl lubricants. In general the borated derivatives possess superior friction modifying capability.

Thermoplastic packaging films with improved heat-seal characteristics

Abstract: Biaxially oriented polypropylene films are extrusion coated with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer coating to yield a coated film product exhibiting heat-seals which are peelable and which exhibit good heat-seal strengths.

Chemical composition and stratigraphic correlation of Mesozoic basalt units of the Newark Basin, New Jersey, and the Hartford Basin, Connecticut: Summary

Abstract: New major– and trace– element analyses of the Messozoic basalts of the Hartford Basin of Connecticut (the Talcott, Holyoke, and Hampden Basalts) indicate that the basalts are chemically very similar to the Mesozoic basalts of the Newark Basin of New Jersey (the First, Second, and Third Watchung Basalts). Our geochemical data impose some constraints on any time-stratigraphic correlation of the basalts in the two basins. We suggest that the Holyoke and Second Watchung Basalts are fractionation products of a Talcott-First Watchung parent magma. We also suggest that the Hampden and Third Watchung Basalts are synchronous fractionation products of a magma unlike any of the eastern North American basalt types described in the literature, but they may instead be the fractionation products of a magma resembling a magma of the same type as that of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. From a petrologic standpoint, the most straight-forward time-stratigraphic interpretation is a one-to-one correlation of the three flows of the Newark Basin with the three flows of the Hartford Basin. Our geochemical and petrologic evidence is particularly supportive of time-stratigraphic correlations between the First Watchung and the Talcott basalts and between the Third Watchung and the Hampden basalts. Our data, however, are not inconsistent with the possibility that the Second Watchung may be slightly older than the Holyoke Basalt.

Processing of heavy hydrocarbon oils

Abstract: This invention provides an integrated process for upgrading a combination of crude petroleum residua, refractory bottoms from catalytic cracking operations, and coal to gasoline and middle distillate products. The process involves dense-gas solvent extraction under supercritical conditions, cracking, and hydroconversion stages.

Shape selective acid catalyzed reactions of olefins over crystalline zeolites

Abstract: Processes are provided for conducting selective acid catalyzed reactions involving olefins. Said catalytic reactions comprise isomerization, alkylation, addition, oligomerization, polymerization, aromatization, cracking and hydrocracking. The useful catalysts of this invention are the acidic forms of a novel class of zeolites characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index in the approximate range of greater than about 2 to about 12. By utilization of such zeolites, smaller olefins are preferentially reacted when in mixed streams with larger olefins. Further of the such smaller olefins, linear olefins are preferentially reacted when in mixed streams with non-linear olefins and lesser branched olefins are preferentially reacted when in mixed streams with more highly branched olefins. Over the novel catalysts of this invention, para-disubstituted and/or mono-substituted aromatic olefins will react preferentially over ortho- and/or meta-disubstituted or more highly substituted aromatic olefins.

Hydrocarbon conversion with zeolite having enhanced catalytic activity

Abstract: A method is provided for increasing the catalytic activity of acid zeolite catalysts characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12, comprising contacting said zeolite catalysts with water for a sufficient treating time, temperature and water partial pressure to bring about said increased activity. The increase in catalytic activity is within a zone of enhanced activity, said zone is defined as encompassing all those conditions of treating time, temperature and water partial pressure and combinations thereof which yield catalytic activities greater than initial catalyst activity. The zeolite of enhanced activity of the method of the present invention can be utilized in improved acid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion processes such as cracking, hydrocracking, alkylation, dealkylation, transalkylation, isomerization, dimerization, oligomerization, polymerization, addition, disproportionation, aromatization and hydration.