Showing papers by "Mobil published in 1985"

Construction of the seawater 87Sr86Sr curve for the cenozoic and cretaceous: Supporting data

Abstract: We present the data used to construct the Cenozoic and Cretaceous portion of the Phanerozoic curve of seawater 87 Sr 86 Sr that had been given in summary form by W.H. Burke coworkers. All Cenozoic samples (128) and 22 Cretaceous samples are foram-nannofossil oozes and limestones from DSDP cores distributed among 13 sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and the Caribbean Sea. Non-DSDP Cretaceous samples (126) include limestone, anhydrite and phosphate samples from North America, Europe and Asia. Determination of the 87 Sr 86 Sr value of seawater at particular times in the past is based on comparison of ratios derived from coeval marine samples from widely separated geographic areas. These samples are characterized by a wide variety of diagenetic and burial histories. The large size and cosmopolitan nature of the data set decreases the likelihood that, among coeval data, systematic error has been introduced by a similar pattern of diagenetic alteration of the ratios. There is good clustering of data points throughout the Cenozoic and Cretaceous curve. The consistency of data is illustrated by Cenozoic and Cretaceous data plots that include a separate symbol for each DSDP site and non-DSDP sample location. More than 98% of the data points are enclosed by upper and lower lines that define a narrow band. For any given time, the correct seawater ratio probably lies within this band. A line drawn within the band represents our estimate of the actual seawater ratio as a function of time. The general configuration of the Cenozoic and Cretaceous curve appears to be strongly influenced by the history of plate interactions and sea-floor spreading. Specific rises and falls in the 87 Sr 86 Sr of seawater, however, may be caused by a variety of factors such as variation in lithologic composition of the crust exposed to weathering, configuration and topographic relief of continents, volcanic activity, rate of sea-floor spreading, extent of continental inundation by epeiric seas, and variations in both climate and paleooceanographic conditions. Many or all of these factors are probably related to global tectonic processes, yet their combined effect on the temporal variation of seawater 87 Sr 86 Sr can complicate a direct platetectonic interpretation for portions of the seawater curve.

Catalytic dewaxing of light and heavy oils in dual parallel reactors

Abstract: Relatively heavy or relatively light lube chargestocks are dewaxed in two parallel, separate reactors. The reactor used for dewaxing the relatively light chargestocks contains a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite exemplified natural or synthetic ferrierite, ZSM-22, ZSM-23 and ZSM-35 zeolites and/or mixtures thereof. The reactor used for dewaxing the relatively heavy chargestocks contains a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite exemplified by ZSM-5, ZSM-11 zeolites, ZSM-5/ZSM-11 intermediates and/or mixtures thereof.

Method of producing an internally reinforced thermoplastic film and film and articles produced therefrom

Abstract: A method for producing an internally reinforced aeolotropic thermoplastic film web through coextrusion of two polymeric materials, and more particularly, a method of forming a film web possessing an enhanced tensile strength in at least the longitudinal or machine direction of the film web. A plastic film having internal striplike reinforcements entirely embedded within a matrix material is formed by the inventive method, and such film is utilized for various articles; for instance, plastic bags, bag components such as handles by liners, stretch wrap film, and the like.

Delayed coking process

Abstract: A delayed coking process having improved liquid yield and liquid product distribution relative to coke yield is characterized by the absence of heavy recycle. The coker feedstock is heated in the coker furnace and led to the coker drums where coking takes place and the vaporous effluence are passed to a fractionator from which the heavy gas oil fraction is removed as product. Process heat is conserved by indirect heat exchange of the feedstock with the coking products prior to the feedstock entering the coking furnace. A further improvement in liquid yield and selectivity is obtained by adding a solvent or diluent to the feedstock and this may be either a hydrocarbon fraction such as a coker distillate, a light gas oil or another fraction having an end point below 450° C.; in addition, it may be used in conjunction with a reactive or nonreactive gas such as nitrogen, steam, hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide.

Closed loop recycle of vent gas in polymerization process

Abstract: A fluidized bed olefin polymerization process incorporates a recycle of a vent gas, containing unreacted monomers, from the product purge bin vessel to the polymerization reactor. The recycle of the vent gas minimizes the loss of the unpolymerized reactants, thereby decreasing overall process and product costs.

Fluid Beds: At Last, Challenging Two Entrenched Practices

Abstract: Originating in the 1920' s and 1930's, two distinct fluidization arts have emerged, one for treating coarse solids and the other for fine powders. Fluidization research has tended to focus on bubbling beds of coarse solids, but designers of such beds for burning coal have learned to appreciate the importance of combustion of fine char particles in the freeboard. Designers of successful processes for powders have focused on bubble suppression. Since about 1980, combustion fluid beds of both types are challenging the conventional pulverized-coal boiler; they provide better means for controlling emissions from the combustion of high-sulfur fuels. Progress in the "bubbleless" fluidization of fine powders is increasing the fluid bed's competitiveness with the fixed-bed catalytic reactor. Efforts to advance the fluid bed for catalysis, besides increasing gas velocities beyond levels that most researchers have used in the past, must include systematic study of the level of fine particles smaller than 40 micrometers.

Aromatization reactions with zeolites containing phosphorus oxide

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting one or more non-aromatic compounds, such as propane, propylene, or methanol, with a catalyst containing a zeolite, such as ZSM-5. The zeolite is modified with phosphorus oxide by impregnating the zeolite with a source of phosphate ions, such as an aqueous solution of an ammonium phosphate, followed by calcination.

Method for drilling deviated wellbores

Abstract: Directional drilling of a high-angle wellbore is carried out by the drilling of a vertical first portion (3) to a kick-off point (7) at which a high-angle, deviated second portion (9) is initiated. The wellbore is cased to at least below the kick-off point. A casing liner (31) is lowered through the wellbore so that it extends coextensively with the casing (13). The liner is spaced from the casing by a casing hanger (32) positioned above the kick-off point. The liner is sealed in the casing and prevented from rotating during drilling by a packer bore receptacle (35) positioned between the lower end of the liner and the casing. During the drilling of the deviated second portion of the wellbore, the casing liner protects the casing from wear due to the rotation of the drill string (17) as it lies on the lower side of the high-angle wellbore.

Zeolite catalysts of improved activity and para-selectivity

Abstract: A method is provided for treating modified ZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts with water vapor in order to enhance the aromatics conversion activity and/or the para-selective properties of such catalysts for the conversion of aromatic materials. The modified zeolites so treated are those which contain a minor proportion of a difficultly reducible oxide such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and/or phosphorus oxide. Such catalyst compositions can be used in alkylation, transalkylation or disproportionation processes to provide improved yields of alkylated aromatic product mixtures having exceptionally high concentrations of the para-dialkylbenzene isomer.

Heat shrinkable, lustrous satin appearing, opaque film compositions

Abstract: An opaque, biaxially oriented heat shrinkable polymeric film structure of lustrous satin appearance is described which comprises: (a) a heat shrinkable thermoplastic polymer matrix core layer within which is located a strata of voids; positioned at least substantially within at least a substantial number of said voids is at least one spherical void-initiating particle which is phase distinct and incompatible with the matrix material, the void space occupied by said particle being substantially less than the volume of said void, with one generally cross-sectional dimension of said particle, at least approximating a corresponding cross-sectional dimension of said void; the population of voids in said core and the thickness of said core being such as to cause a degree of opacity of less than 70% light transmission; and, (b) at least one void-free heat shrinkable thermoplastic skin layer affixed to a surface of core layer (a), said skin layer(s) being of a thickness such that the outer surfaces thereof do not, at least substantially, manifest the surface irregularities of said core layer.

Catalyst composition for polymerizing alpha-olefin

Abstract: A catalyst composition for polymerizing alpha-olefins is prepared by treating a carrier containing OH groups with an organomagnesium composition and contacting the thus-formed magnesium-containing carrier with a solution of at least one tetravalent vanadium compound. Alternatively, the solution may also contain at least one tetravalent titanium compound in addition to the vanadium compound, thereby producing catalysts containing both, vanadium and titanium. Also disclosed is a process for polymerizing alpha-olefins in the presence of the catalysts of the invention.

Coextruded pressure sensitive label stock material with integral peelable backing

Abstract: An opaque, biaxially oriented label stock product of lustrous appearance is provided which comprises: (a) a facing layer which is a laminate of (i) a thermoplastic polymer matrix substrate layer having an upper surface and a lower surface, a pressure sensitive adhesive component incorporated within said substrate layer or applied as a coating to the lower surface thereof and a strata of voids located within said substrate layer; positioned at least substantially within at least a substantial number of said voids is at least one spherical void-initiating particle which is phase distinct and incompatible with the matrix material, the void space occupied by said particle being substantially less than the volume of said void, with one generally cross-sectional dimension of said particle at least approximating a corresponding cross-sectional dimension of said void; the population of voids in said substrate and the thickness of said substrate being such as to cause a degree of opacity of less than 70 percent light transmission; and (ii) a void-free thermoplastic skin layer adhering to the upper surface of said substrate layer, said skin layer being of a thickness such that the outer surface thereof substantially conceals the surface irregularities of said substrate layer; and, (b) a release layer in the form of a thermoplastic film having an upper surface and a lower surface and having a release agent component for the pressure sensitive adhesive component of label layer (a)(i) incorporated therein or applied as a coating to the upper surface thereof, the lower surface of substrate (a)(i) being peelably affixed to the upper surface of said release layer (b).

Separation of catalyst from slurry bubble column wax and catalyst recycle

Abstract: A process for removing catalyst fines from the wax product produced in a slurry Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises removing the wax product from the reactor and separating the catalyst fines by passing the wax product through a high gradient magnetic field, whereby the catalyst fines are held by a magnetized filter element and the wax product passes through unhindered to form a purified wax product which is ready for upgrading. The separated catalyst fines are returned to the reactor by backwashing the filter element.

Multistage process for converting oxygenates to liquid hydrocarbons with ethene recycle

Abstract: A process for converting oxygenated feedstock comprising methanol, dimethyl ether or the like to liquid hydrocarbons comprising the steps of contacting the feedstock with zeolite catalyst in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature and moderate pressure to convert feedstock to hydrocarbons comprising C2 -C4 olefins and C5 + hydrocarbons; cooling and separating effluent from the primary stage to recover a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a light hydrocarbon vapor stream rich in C2 -C4 olefins; compressing the olefinic light hydrocarbon stream to condense a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon stream rich in C3 + olefins and recovering an ethene-rich gaseous stream; further pressurizing and contacting the condensed liquid olefinic hydrocarbon stream in a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at substantially increased pressure and moderate temperature to convert at least a portion of olefins to a heavier liquid hydrocarbon product stream comprising olefinic gasoline and distillate range liquids; and recovering ethene in a gaseous stream for recycle to the primary catalytic stage.

Shear wave acoustic logging system

Abstract: Acoustic well logging method and system employing a bender-type transducer as a point source of an acoustic shear wave. The bender-type transducer includes opposed unrestricted planar surfaces mounted within a liquid filled compartment within the tool. The unrestricted surfaces of the transducer are spaced longitudinally along the axis of the tool and exposed to the coupling liquid. One or more bender-type transducers may also be employed as acoustic receivers in the tools. The active surfaces of the receiving transducers are oriented in substantially the same direction as the active surfaces of the transmitting transducer.

Process for the preparation of zeolite Beta using dibenzyldimethylammonium ions and the product produced

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved form of crystalline silicate having the structure of zeolite Beta, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline silicate and to use of said crystalline silicate prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Valveless shut-off and transfer device

Abstract: A valveless gas shut-off and transfer device has a looped conduit with a solder-like material in the loop. This eutectic material solidifies below its critical temperature to block the conduit and is liquefied above its critical temperature to allow passage of gas through the conduit. Baffles on the outlet retain the liquefied solder when gas is passing through the device. The liquid solder flows back to the loop when pressures at the inlet and outlet are equalized. When the solder solidifies, the device is again blocked.

Reinforced packaging tray

Abstract: A packaging tray and, more particularly a high-strength, reinforced molded food packaging tray for use in packaging meats, fish, poultry and other comestibles which is adapted to be utilized in conjunction with a transparent overwrap film. The inventive packaging tray is provided with a novel peripheral lip structure which will aid in preventing the collapse or fracture of the tray sidewalls in view of pressures exerted by the overwrap film when applied to the tray in an automatic tray overwrap machine. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the packaging tray is provided with a novel tray bottom wall incorporating a reinforcing structure in the form of one or more strengthening ribs which are integrated in the bottom wall of the tray.

Synthesis of crystalline silicate ZSM-12 using dibenzyldimethylammonium cations and the product produced

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved form of crystalline silicate having the structure of zeolite ZSM-50, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline silicate and to use of said crystalline silicate prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Production of middle distillate range hydrocarbons by light olefin upgrading

Abstract: An oligomerization process is provided for upgrading lower olefins to distillate hydrocarbons, especially useful as high quality jet or diesel fuels. The olefinic feedstock is reacted over a shape selective acid zeolite, such as ZSM-5, to oligomerize feedstock olefins and further convert recycled hydrocarbons. Reactor effluent is fractionated to recover a light-middle distillate range product stream and to obtain gasoline and heavy hydrocarbon streams for recycle.

Production of lubricant range hydrocarbons from light olefins

Abstract: PRODUCTION OF LUBRICANT RANGE HYDROCARBONS FROMLIGHT OLEFINS ABSTRACT In a process for converting lower olefinic feed to heavier hydrocarbons by contacting the feed with a shape selective medium pore acidic zeolite catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure the catalyst surface is rendered relatively inactive by adding to the olefinic feed an inactivating amount of a sterically-hindered organic base, whereby the catalyst is selectively surface-deactivated, to produce substantially linear heavier hydrocarbons rich in C10+ olefins.

Multistage process for converting oxygenates to liquid hydrocarbons with aliphatic recycle

Abstract: A process for converting oxygenated feedstock, such as methanol, dimethyl ether or the like, to liquid hydrocarbons. In the primary catalyst stage the feedstock is contacted with zeolite catalyst to produce C2 -C4 olefins and C5 + hydrocarbons. In a secondary catalytic stage with oligomerization catalyst comprising medium-pore shape selective acidic zeolite at increased pressure converts C3 + olefins to gasoline and/or distillate liquids. The improvement is a technique for recovering lower alkene for recycle to the primary catalytic stage.

Is the turbidite facies association scheme valid for interpreting ancient submarine fan environments

Abstract: Although turbidite facies reflect only processes of deposition, turbidite facies associations are routinely used to identify ancient submarine-fan subenvironments (e.g., upper fan, channel, lobe, etc.). The assumption that process of deposition also reflects environment of deposition may not be valid for the following reasons: (1) Mutti and Ricci Lucchi9s facies association scheme for submarine fans has been developed exclusively from ancient turbidite sequences; however, the true relationship between such turbidite facies associations and related fan subenvironments has not been confirmed from modern fans; (2) individual channel-levee systems of many modern submarine fans are in many cases large enough to contain the entire ancient fan systems on which these facies associations are based; (3) large channel-levee systems comparable to those of modern fans have not been recognized in outcrops. Consequently, the validity of turbidite facies associations for interpreting ancient submarine-fan subenvironments must be considered tenuous until confirmed in modern fans.

Noble metal-containing catalysts

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst of high noble metal dispersion. The process of crystallizing a zeolite from a forming mixture which contains an organic template, treating the zeolite by calcining or chemical oxidation to remove the template from the zeolite, mulling the zeolite with an inorganic oxide binder and a noble metal-containing solution, and thereafter extruding the blended mixture.

Continuous layon roller film winder

Abstract: A continuous winder which produces individual rolls of sheet material having a high quality finish. This is accomplished by maintaining a surface-winding layon roller in contact with each roll throughout the entire winding operation. The winder is comprised of a support frame having a turrent mounted therein which carries a plurality of spindles onto which the individual rolls are wound. A double layon roller assembly is mounted in the frame so that one of the layon rollers is in contact with a first spindle during the winding operation. A length counter generates a signal which starts the transfer operation when a roll is wound whereupon a second spindle is brought up to speed and a cutter is extended adjacent the sheer of the material. Simultaneously, an auxillary layon roller is moved into contact with the second spindle. Adhesive on the second spindle pulls the web onto the cutter starts the winding on the second spindle. The cutter is retracted, and the turret is indexed approximately 30°. The auxillary layon roller remains in contact with the second spindle during this indexing while the primary layon roller remains in contact with the first spindle. When the primary layon roller clears the finished roll, the second primary layon roller moves into contact with the second spindle. The auxillary layon roller is retracted and the turret is indexed approximately an additional 60° to move the second spindle to the normal roll buildup position.

The Goban Spur transect: Geologic evolution of a sediment-starved passive continental margin

Abstract: Leg 80 of the DSDP-IPOD program drilled a transect of four core holes (548–551) across the continent-ocean boundary at Goban Spur, a prominent southwest-trending structural high on the Irish continental slope. Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles show that, during rifting, continental basement rocks of Goban Spur were broken up by northwest-trending listric normal faults to form a series of half-graben basins. Two of these half-grabens were sampled during Leg 80 (Sites 548 and 549). Site 550 was located on the adjacent oceanic crust of Porcupine Abyssal Plain. Site 551 was located on transitional crust at the foot of Goban Spur. The objectives were lo analyze the structural, the depositional, and the paleoenvironmental development of this sediment-starved passive continental margin. At Sites 548 and 549, basement comprises continental Hercynian metasediments of Devonian age; at Sites 550 and 551, the basement is tholeiitic basalt. The oldest syn-rift sediments (Barremian age, or perhaps late Hauterivian) were penetrated at Site 549, lying uuconformably below Aptian? strata. Seismic sequence analysis reveals that Aptian? strata also overlie this unconformity farther northeastward in the basin. An unconformity above the Aptian? section marks the end of rifting and the beginning of sea-floor spreading. An Albian age for the initiation of sea-floor spreading was corroborated at Site 550 where abyssal late Albian chalks rest upon and are interbedded with oceanic basalts, indicating an initial water depth of ∼2,000 m. As sea-floor spreading progressed, Goban Spur subsided rapidly, so that by Cenomanian time, bathyal to abyssal chalks were accumulating at deeper sites. After two periods of partial stagnation in the Aptian-Albian and in the Turonian, chalk deposition in well-oxygenated environments took place at all sites, modified chiefly by shifts in deep-circulation patterns and the calcite compensation depth (CCD), by periodic influx of terrigenous detritus during low stands of sea level (especially in the Cenozoic), and by frequent displacement of older carbonates from the slope to abyssal sites. A number of major unconformities correspond to those most often reported from other widespread locations in the North Atlantic Basin and on surrounding continental shelves and coastal plains. Several unconformities are preserved undisturbed in our cores and can be correlated with sea-level fluctuations, with paleoceanographic events, and with tectonic movements. A thick Quaternary section at Site 548 records prominent fluctuations of glacial-inter-glacial paleoclimates. An even thicker Paleogene section at Site 549 provides unusually well-preserved and uninterrupted sequences suitable for detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic studies.