Showing papers by "Monash University published in 1970"
TL;DR: In the adrenal medulla, considerable progress on the mechanism of secretion of catecholamines has been made possible by the recognition that thecatecholamine storage vesicles also contain a large proportion of specific soluble proteins called chromogranins, and that these proteins are secreted together with the catechlamines and the other major constituent of the vesicle, adenine nucleotides.
Abstract: The theory that chemical transmission of nerve impulses at synapses occurs by the release of a number of discrete packages or “quanta” of transmitter, is based primarily on electrophysiological evidence. Since the discovery of synaptic vesicles 15 years ago it has often been suggested that they constitute the morphological basis of the quanta but direct evidence is still lacking that they contain the required amount of transmitter or indeed that they release it during transmission. In the adrenal medulla, however, considerable progress on the mechanism of secretion of catecholamines has been made possible by the recognition that the catecholamine storage vesicles also contain a large proportion of specific soluble proteins called chromogranins, and that these proteins are secreted together with the catecholamines and the other major constituent of the vesicles, adenine nucleotides (Smith, 1968). The vesicles appear to release their entire content and it has been calculated that each nerve impulse to the adrenal medulla releases the equivalent of the contents of one vesicle per cell (Viveros et al., 1969).
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation of nitrides of chromium has been studied in detail, and the antiferromagnetic paramagnetic transformation in CrN exhibits temperature hysteresis and is shown to be a transformation of the first kind.
Abstract: The preparation of nitrides of chromium has been studied in detail. Oxygen free samples of Cr1.000Nx, x ranging from 0.997 to 0.980, have been prepared by equilibrating at temperatures from 850 to 1048 °C in one atmosphere pressure of nitrogen. Results of the temperature dependences of expansivity, lattice parameters, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity of CrN of various compositions are reported. The antiferromagnetic paramagnetic transformation in CrN exhibits temperature hysteresis and is shown to be a transformation of the first kind. The transformation temperature of Cr1.000N0.997 is 286 °K.
Die Herstellung von Chromnitriden wurde ausfuhrlich untersucht. Sauerstofffreie Praparate der Zusammensetzung Cr1.000Nx (x variiert zwischen 0.997 und 0.980) wurden bei Temperaturen zwischen 850 und 1048 °C unter einem Stickstoffdruck von 1 Atm hergestellt. Ergebnisse zur Temperaturabhangigkeit der Ausdehnung, der Gitterkonstanten, der magnetischen Suszeptibilitat und des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstandes verschiedener CrN-Zusammensetzungen werden mitgeteilt. Die Umwandlung vom antiferromagnetischen zum paramagnetischen CrN weist eine Temperaturhysterese auf, die sich als Umwandlung erster Art ergibt. Die Umwandlungstemperatur des Cr1.000N0.997 betragt 286 °K.
82 citations
TL;DR: The postural systems involved in the maintenance of constancy are considered to be those of the otolith, neck and trunk, and these systems investigated by obtaining visual verticality judgments immediately upon and several minutes after head, body, and trunk tilts.
Abstract: Visual orientation during lateral tilt is viewed in terms of orientation constancy. The postural systems involved in the maintenance of constancy are considered to be those of the otolith, neck and...
65 citations
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the monopoly and purely competitive decisions are discussed, and the generality of the results are discussed as well as some concluding remarks about the results and their application in the real world.
Abstract: I. Introduction and summary, 627. — II. Assumptions, 629. — III. The monopoly and purely competitive decisions, 631. — IV. The generality of the results, 633. — V. Some concluding remarks, 635. — Appendix (to Section III), 636.
59 citations
TL;DR: The method has been shown to be satisfactory for radioimmunoassay of a wide range of peptide and protein hormones, and is extremely suitable for assay of pituitary hormones during clinical and physiological studies.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a logic is defined to be a non-empty set of propositions which is partially ordered by a relation of logical implication, denoted by "≤", and which, as a poset, is orthocomplemented by a unary operation of negation.
Abstract: For the purpose of this paper a logic is defined to be a non-empty set of propositions which is partially ordered by a relation of logical implication, denoted by “≤”, and which, as a poset, is orthocomplemented by a unary operation of negation. The negation of the proposition x is denoted by NX and the least element in the logic is denoted by 0, we write NO = 1.A binary operation “→” is introduced into a logic, the operation is interpreted as material implication so that “x → y” is a proposition of the logic and is read as “x materially implies y”. If material implication has the properties11. (x → 0) = NX,
12. if x ≤ y then (z → x) ≤ (z → y),
13. if x ≤ y then x ≤ (y ≤ z)= x → z,
14. x ≤ {y → N(y → Nx)},
then the logic is an orthomodular lattice. The lattice operations of join and meet are given by
x ∨ y = Nx → N(Nx → Ny)
x ∧ y = N(X → N(x → y))
and, in terms of the lattice operations, the material implication is given by
(x → y) = (y ∧ x) ∨ NX.Moreover the logic is a Boolean algebra if, and only if, in addition to the properties above, material implication satifies
15. (x → y) = (Ny → Nx).
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a two-digit choice-reaction-time task was used in conjunction with visual signals presented in the extreme peripheral field, where the position of the signal on the retina, the eye stimulated, the hand used in responding, and the operating digits were all controlled for their effects.
Abstract: A unimanual, two-digit choice-reaction-time task was used in conjunction with visual signals presented in the extreme peripheral field. The position of the signal on the retina, the eye stimulated, the hand used in responding, and the operating digits were all controlled for their effects. Stimulus-response compatibility was maintained throughout. It was found that RT to ipsilateral S-R pathways was consistently faster than when the pathways involved transcommissural connections. Subsidiary findings related to differences between the operating digits and the side of signal occurrence. These effects are discussed in connection with known interhemispheric phenomena and other CRT findings.
53 citations
TL;DR: In two separate experiments, 40 Ss were presented with recorded sentences during each of which a click occurred, confirming the hypothesis that processing load is a function of the surface structure of sentences, although the role of minor breaks was not clear.
Abstract: In two separate experiments, 40 Ss were presented with recorded sentences during each of which a click occurred. Ss had to depress a key as soon as they heard the click. RTs were f aster when the click was located at the major syntactic break of the sentence compared with RTs to clicks not at a break. This confirmed the hypothesis that processing load is a function of the surface structure of sentences, although the role of minor breaks was not clear. A second finding was that RTs were slower when the click was in the first rather than in the second half of the sentence. This can also be explained in terms of differential processing loads.
51 citations
TL;DR: An earlier experiment showed that the so-called horizontal-vertical (HV) illusion with an L is a function of the retinal meridians with which the two lines correspond, indicating that the illusion is specifically visual and, therefore, unlike other geometrical illusions, would not be expected to occur haptically.
Abstract: An earlier experiment showed that the so-called horizontal-vertical (HV) illusion with an L is a function of the retinal meridians with which the two lines correspond. This finding indicated that the illusion is specifically visual and, therefore, unlike other geometrical illusions, would not be expected to occur haptically. The experiment showed that, as found in earlier studies, a large haptic illusion occurred with an inverted-T figure. However , as predicted, no illusion occurred with the L figure. The vertical line in an invcrled-T figure is judged visually to he about 7-14% longer than the horizontal line o[ equal length. This effect is called the horizontal-vertical (HV) illusion. Avery and Day (1969), in an examination of the visual-frame explanation of the HV illusion (Kunnapas, 1957), using an L figure, showed that the greater apparent length of one line was not due to its alignment with the gravitational vertical, but to its correspondence with the retinal meridian, which is vertical when S is upright. With S recumbent, this meridian is nearly horizontal and, accordingly, the horizontal line is judged the longer. This finding suggests that visual structures or processes associated with different retinal meridians form the basis of the illusion. There is evidence showing that some geometrical illusions, including the HV with an inverted T, occur in haptic space when the fingers are moved around a raised figure visual illusion with an L is a function of the visual meridians stimulated, a haptic illusion would not be expected with this figure. On the other hand, the effect occurring haptically with the inverted T could be due to the bisection factor. In the experiment reported here, it was predicted that a haptic overestimation of the vertical length would not occur with an L figure. An invertcd-T condition was included for comparison. Method.—The visual illusion with an L figure is about 3-5%, so that a haptic effect, if any, would be expected to be similarly slight. The apparatus, shown in Fig. 1, consisted of a 30 X 30 cm. vertical board, supported fronto-parallcl to 6\" by being clamped to a bench top. In the surface of the board were two vertical slots and one horizontal slot, each 6 mm. deep and 2 mm. wide. The vertical slots were arranged so that one formed an L and the other an inverted T. Polished mild steel bars, 12 mm. wide and 1.5 mm. thick, could be …
48 citations
TL;DR: Most of the results are at least qualitatively similar to those found by Karlin and McGregor (1968) for a different model, but fixation of the first locus is found to be quickest with tight but not complete linkage, in contrast with their conclusion that looser linkage speeds first-fixation.
TL;DR: An antigen has been detected in faecal extracts from 90 out of 220 patients with viral hepatitis and from 5 of 158 patients with other diseases and seems to be particulate and is serologically distinct from Australia antigen.
TL;DR: The temporal relationship between plasma estradiol and LH levels is consistent with the proposal that neutral steroids reduce LH levels in women during the menstrual cycle.
Abstract: A sensitive binding assay for estradiol has been developed by the use of pregnancy plasma. The binding protein was partially purified by gel filtration and separation of bound and free tracer estradiol was performed by charcoal adsorption. Plasma extracts were purified by Sephadex adsorption prior to assay, giving complete separation from neutral steroids with an estradiol recovery of 53%. The blank of the method was 0.4 ng/100 ml, and the betweenassay reproducibility was ±10%. The mean plasma estradiol concentration was 2.5 ng/100 ml in postmenopausal females, and 2.4 ng/100 ml in males. The plasma levels of estradiol during the menstrual cycle were: 1–10 ng/100 ml in the early follicular phase, rising to 14–77 ng/100 ml and falling again to lower levels (3–14 ng/100 ml) at the time of the midcycle LH peak. During the luteal phase, plasma estradiol rose again to 19–34 ng/100 ml in most subjects. The temporal relationship between plasma estradiol and LH levels is consistent with the proposal that...
TL;DR: The use of metal (stainless steel) in this type of injury is shown not to have any harmful effects and it can be used with safety and benefit in the primary treatment of open skeletal trauma, especially in the multiple and complicated injuries of war and motor vehicle accidents.
Abstract: 1. The use of metallic internal fixation in the primary treatment of 176 open skeletal injuries is discussed and the results presented. 2. The use of metal (stainless steel) in this type of injury is shown not to have any harmful effects. it can be used with safety and benefit in the primary treatment of open skeletal trauma, especially in the multiple and complicated injuries of war and motor vehicle accidents. 3. The place of antibiotics is discussed and adequate treatment of the soft-tissue wound is stressed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactivity of the cobalt-carbon bond towards sulphur dioxide has been investigated in the compounds Rco111(L)B where L = N, N'-ethylenebis(salicyl-aldiminato), N,N'-phenylenebis(Salicylaldiminiato), or bis(dimethylg1yoximato);B = water or pyridine.
Abstract: The reactivity of the cobalt-carbon bond towards sulphur dioxide has been investigated in the compounds Rco111(L)B where L = N,N'-ethylenebis(salicyl-aldiminato), N,N'-phenylenebis(salicylaldiminato), or bis(dimethylg1yoximato);B = water or pyridine. In the Schiff base complexes, for R = alkyl, insertion into the cobalt-carbon bond proceeds smoothly to give the corresponding sulphinato derivatives. Reaction also occurs with methylcobaloxime and a pentafluorobenzene- cobalt-Schiff base compound, but the products are not so well defined. There is no reaction with cobalt-aryl bonds for any of the chelates. The alkane- and arene- sulphinato complexes can be synthesized by an alternative oxidative-addition reaction NaCOL+RSO2Cl or a replacement reaction XCoL+AgSO2R or NaSO2R (X = Cl,I). The infrared spectra of the complexes show that the sulphinato group is bonded in the manner shown: (See diagram in article) The p.m.r. spectra of the complexes are discussed in some detail. Reactions of the sulphinato derivatives with donor molecules and the halogens are briefly described.
TL;DR: The findings strongly suggest that fetal asphyxia develops progressively, and Apgar scores were lower as the duration of anaesthesia was extended, and the effect of anaesthetic agents could not be excluded.
TL;DR: The naturally occurring oestrogens, oestrone and oestriol, were given by intraarterial infusion into the brachial artery and by intravenous injection and it is suggested that this rise in blood pressure may be due to a direct action of the hormones on the heart.
TL;DR: In this paper, the counter-current back-mixing model of fluidized-bed behavior is applied to experimental back mixing data obtained in a 6-in diameter column, with beds consisting of glass spheres, of mean diameter 75μ, 97μ and 125μ respectively.
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that during the normal menstrual cycle, the plasma levels of cestradiol consistently reached peak values and began to fall immediately prior to the peak of plasma luteinising hormone.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: Although much of the axonal protein is supplied from the cell body by axoplasmic flow, some axonal proteins, perhaps membranous proteins, can be synthesized in situ.
Abstract: The ability of the axon to synthesize protein has been demonstrated indirectly in a number of ways(1–3) and more directly in vitro in Mauthner axons of the goldfish,(4) isolated synaptosomes,(5–7) and giant axons of the squid.(8) Protein synthesis in axons has aroused considerable interest because no demonstrable ribosomes have been found in axons(9) and because, although much of the axonal protein is supplied from the cell body by axoplasmic flow, some axonal proteins, perhaps membranous proteins, can be synthesized in situ.
TL;DR: In this article, a single phase study of the most commonly observed subharmonic oscillation, that is, the one-third order sub-harmonic, is presented, where the theoretical results of all commonly used static magnetic circuits with the results obtained in experimental studies using a specially designed Transient Network Analyser, TNA, are compared.
Abstract: This work makes a comprehensive single phase study of the most commonly observed subharmonic oscillation, that is the one- third order subharmonic. The theoretical methods employed may be extended to other subharmonic frequencies and also to combinations of subharmonics. A theory is developed to enable the calculation of the existence region for all practical cases concerned with static magnetic circuits. Further, in a detailed comparison of the theoretical results of all commonly used static magnetic circuits with the results obtained in experimental studies using a specially designed Transient Network Analyser, TNA, differences of less than 5% in every case were recorded. This TNA includes a new method of simulation of the power transformer and its associated nonlinearities, and an outline of the method of representation is given.
TL;DR: It is shown that under certain conditions, random mating models for monoecious diploids are equivalent to random union of gametes models, in the case when the population is finite.
TL;DR: Iodine deficiency is one of the commonest problems of human nutrition and is primarily responsible for endemic goitre which affects over 200,000,000 people in the world.
Abstract: Iodine deficiency is one of the commonest problems of human nutrition. It is primarily responsible for endemic goitre which affects over 200,000,000 people in the world. It is also associated with an increased incidence of thyrotoxicosis. Severe iodine deficiency is associated with endemic cretinism, a condition characterized by multiple neurological defects, including deaf mutism, diplegia and mental deficiency. Iodine deficiency is detected by determination of urine iodine excretion or radioactive Iodine uptake. Iodine deficiency can be corrected by iodization of salt, the administration of iodide tablets, the iodization of bread or the administration of Iodized oil by Intramuscular injection. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and examples are given of their use.
TL;DR: The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was measured at two levels of partial paralysis of the respiratory and peripheral muscles with tubocurarine.
Abstract: SUMMARY The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide of five normal subjects was measured at two levels of partial paralysis of the respiratory and peripheral muscles with tubocurarine. During mild paralysis the mean reduction of vital capacity was 14 per cent, maximum pleural pressure 19 per cent and grip strength 55 per cent of measurements before curarization. With moderate paralysis, mean reduction of vital capacity was 34 per cent, maximum pleural pressure 28 per cent and grip strength 94 per cent of control measurements. There was no change in the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide during mild or moderate paralysis.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: This presentation will aim to synthesize knowledge about the concentration of testosterone in human plasma both in normal and abnormal conditions, and will draw upon many contributions from different laboratories, including the authors' own.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review what is now a fairly substantial body of knowledge about the concentration of testosterone in human plasma both in normal and abnormal conditions. For the most part, this review will be directed to testosterone in the male; however, other closely related steroids such as andros-tenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) will be discussed in so far as these are relevant; likewise, plasma levels of all these steroids in the female will be discussed particularly when it may be appropriate to compare and contrast them between the two sexes. This presentation will thus aim to synthesize this knowledge, and will draw upon many contributions from different laboratories, including our own.