Showing papers by "Monash University published in 1972"
TL;DR: The findings provide additional evidence that the adenomas and carcinomas arise from proximal tubular epithelium and Wilms' tumors from more primitive metanephric cells.
Abstract: Two antisera reacting respectively with the brush border region of proximal renal tubules (BB) and Tamm-Horsfall protein in distal tubules (TH) were employed for immunofluorescence studies of these antigens in 31 human kidney tumors of different types. All 15 cortical adenomas and 10 of 11 carcinomas contained the BB antigen but not the TH antigen. One anaplastic carcinoma studied lacked the BB antigen and together with one granular cell carcinoma showed weak TH antigenicity. The two Wilms' tumors examined contained both antigens. The findings provide additional evidence that the adenomas and carcinomas arise from proximal tubular epithelium and Wilms' tumors from more primitive metanephric cells.
149 citations
TL;DR: Daily fluctuations in the plasma concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) have been studied in six normal males by using a 24 h continuous blood-sampling technique and a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for TSH.
Abstract: 1. Daily fluctuations in the plasma concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) have been studied in six normal males by using a 24 h continuous blood-sampling technique and a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for TSH. 2. In all subjects the plasma concentrations of the two hormones were increased at night. The TSH concentrations rose approx. 2 h before the onset of sleep but the peak concentration coincided with the GH peak 2 h after the commencement of sleep. In three subjects who slept in the afternoon, additional peaks of GH activity were found and in two cases peaks of TSH activity also occurred. 3. The mean data from all subjects showed a significant circadian variation of TSH secretion with a maximum between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. and a minimum between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m.
133 citations
TL;DR: Estimates have been made of the availability of sedatives in the Australian community over the same period, and a high degree of association between sedative availability and incidence of drug suicide is demonstrated.
Abstract: An investigation has been made of a rise in reported suicide rates in Australia during the period 1960 to 1967, and a subsequent decline in rates since 1967. The changes are evident in both the male and female populations, being more striking in the latter. Suicide by drugs (that is, death following deliberate self‐administration of an overdose of a therapeutic substance) is the predominant feature of the rise and fall In both sexes. Estimates have been made of the availability of sedatives in the Australian community over the same period, and a high degree of association between sedative availability and incidence of drug suicide is demonstrated.
118 citations
TL;DR: Hematological features of six patients with anorexia nervosa have been studied in a prospective fashion and Hypocellularity and the presence of large amounts of gelatinous acid mucopolysaccharide in the bone marrow has been confirmed and appears to be a common feature of this disorder.
Abstract: Summary. The haematological features of six patients with anorexia nervosa have been studied in a prospective fashion. Hypocellularity and the presence of large amounts of gelatinous acid mucopolysaccharide in the bone marrow has been confirmed and appears to be a common feature of this disorder. Rapid reversal occurred with clinical improvement in one patient. It is suggested that this represents a physiological response to starvation and evidence is presented that these changes are of minimal functional significance in most patients. Although mild subclinical deficiency of iron and folic acid, a slightly reduced red-cell lifespan and a relative increase in plasma volume may also occur, anaemia is not universal and is usually mild. Plasma volume changes are probably the major mechanism. Neutropenia was common and is probably due to redistribution of granulocytes within the various granulocyte compartments. Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were also found. Morphological abnormalities of the red cells were a frequent finding, particularly the presence of spur cells. These were not associated with abetalipoproteinaemia nor with biochemical evidence of liver disease and did not appear to be subject to significant haemolysis. These haematological changes are also reversible with improvement in nutritional status. Blue-green granules, probably representing ceroid, were observed in marrow histiocytes. The various abnormalities are discussed in relation to current concepts of the role of nutrition in haematopoiesis in man and haematopoietic roles for dietary factors other than protein are tentatively proposed.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the Kerr gravitational field on wave phenomena is explored by examining the inhomogeneous wave equation for a scalar massive field in a Kerr background geometry.
Abstract: The effect of the Kerr gravitational field on wave phenomena is explored by examining the inhomogeneous wave equation for a scalar massive field in a Kerr background geometry. The equation is separated in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. The angular functions are spheroidal harmonics, and the radial equation is reduced to a one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with an effective potential.
107 citations
TL;DR: Impaired aggregation of platelets was observed in nine of 11 patients with chronic ITP and the functional platelet defects described may contribute to impaired hemostasis in ITP.
Abstract: Although idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is generally believed to be a purely quantitative platelet disorder with normal platelet function, we observed impaired aggregation of platelets in nine of 11 patients with chronic ITP. The abnormalities were more severe in four patients with incomplete hematologic remission than in the seven patients in complete remissions. In three patients with intermittent ITP, platelet aggregation was normal. Globulin fractions from patients with both chronic and intermittent ITP inhibited aggregation of normal platelet-rich plasma with adenosine diphosphate and collagen. The globulin inhibitor of aggregation had characteristics of anti-platelet antibody. The functional platelet defects described may contribute to impaired hemostasis in ITP.
105 citations
TL;DR: Cells obtained from the lung carcinoma of a patient with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy were maintained in culture for 4 months, consistent with synthesis and release of H.G.H.R.H by the carcinoma in vivo.
71 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the liver and kidneys are important sites of metabolic disposal of HGH and may provide some explantation for abnormalities of plasma HGH in renal and hepatic disorders.
Abstract: In order to define the possible roles of the liver and kidneys in the metabolic disposal of human growth hormone (HGH), the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of radioactively labeled HGH was determined in four patients with hepatic failure and in four with renal failure. To define the role of the liver in more detail, measurements of the MCR of labeled HGH were made in two intact pigs and in the isolated perfused livers of the same animals. In the patients with hepatic failure, MCR of HGH was 41–144.5 (mean 83.8) liters/day/sq m and in the patients with renal failure MCR was 58–93 (mean 79.1). The means of these values were 41% and 39% respectively, of the MCR of HGH determined in normal subjects. MCR of HGH by the isolated perfused pig liver was 24% of that observed in the intact pig. It was concluded that the liver and kidneys are important sites of metabolic disposal of HGH. These observations may be relevant in the understanding of the sites of action of growth hormone, and may provide some explantation for abnormalities of plasma HGH in renal and hepatic disorders.
67 citations
TL;DR: Recently, Malik [6, 7] has done classical maximum likelihood estimation as well as Bayesian estimation of the index parameter v of a Pareto distribution with density function as mentioned in this paper, and
Abstract: Recently, Malik [6, 7] has done classical maximum likelihood estimation as well as Bayesian estimation of the index parameter v of a Pareto distribution with density function
62 citations
TL;DR: Factors influencing the age of onset of menarche were studied in 400 patients attending the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital, Melbourne and the possible importance of the family group is indicated.
Abstract: Factors influencing the age of onset of menarche were studied in 400 patients attending the Queen Victoria Memorial Hospital, Melbourne. Menarche is occurring at an earlier age and is also earlier in Australians than in migrants. The possible importance of the family group is indicated by a significant association between menarche and an increasing number of younger brothers, and between early menarche and the father leaving home before the child reaches the age of six years.
61 citations
TL;DR: Measurement of immunoreactive angiotensin II in arterial or venous blood provides a direct indication of the circulating level of the active peptide generated by the interaction of the various components of the renin-angiotensIn system in vivo.
TL;DR: The immunoreactive human growth hormone content (IRHGH) of carcinomas of the bronchus and stomach has been measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and significant amounts were extractable from 7 of 18 bronchogenic tumors and from five of eight gastric tumors.
Abstract: The immunoreactive human growth hormone content (IRHGH) of carcinomas of the bronchus and stomach has been measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Significant amounts were extractable from 7 of 18 bronchogenic tumors and from five of eight gastric tumors. Tumors containing the highest concentrations of the material tended to be anaplastic. The IRHGH from one gastric tumor was characterized further by gel filtration and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, and had the properties of monomeric HGH. The significance of these observations will be clarified further by studies on whether the material is synthesized or taken up by these neoplasms.
TL;DR: In this article, a Galton-Watson process is considered, where each individual reproduces independently of all others and has probability aj (j = 0, 1, …) of giving rise to j progeny in the following generation.
Abstract: Consider a Galton-Watson process in which each individual reproduces independently of all others and has probability aj (j = 0, 1, …) of giving rise to j progeny in the following generation, and in which there is an independent immigration component where bj, (j = 0, 1, …) is the probability that j individuals enter the population at each generation. Defining Xn (n = 0, 1, …) to be the population size at the n- th generation, it is known that {Xn} defines a Markov chain on the non-negative integers.
TL;DR: Delayed-type hypersensitivity to autologous platelets was tested in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and detected in nine out of ten cases by the inhibition of leucocyte migration, and in six out of seven cases by lymphocyte stimulation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the immunologic, hematologic, and autopsy findings in a case of TTP occurring 6 wk postpartum and revealed the presence of IgM and complement, as well as fibrin in the vicinity of the endothelium and in thrombi in small blood vessels in multiple organs.
TL;DR: Kunjin virus sedimented at three-quarters the rate of Sind Bis virus, but the cores obtained by deoxycholate treatment of Kunjin virions had properties similar to those reported for Sindbis virus cores (sedimentation coefficient, ribonuclease sensitivity, absence of phospholipid).
TL;DR: For example, it may appear that the social reforms passed after 1906 were no more than the logical continuation of a legislative trend already well-established as discussed by the authors, and, this being so, that interpretations such as those of Laski, dating the emergence of ‘fundamental’ party divisions from post-1914, may be too easily accepted.
Abstract: Critical research into the motivation and content of Liberal social policies before 1914 has qualified much of the credit the party's accomplishments originally received. Yet such qualifications may go too far and in the struggle to do justice to all the facts, historical accuracy may suffer both from tendencies to look for dominant motifs or patterns, and from the temptation to emphasize the ‘real’ empirical nature of politics, so losing sight of all purposes and patterns – especially value-patterns. For example, the emphasis upon nineteenth century administrative development may certainly correct the previously overdrawn distinction between, firstly, individualism and the negative state, and secondly, collectivism and the positive state, but if such emphasis is carried too far it may appear that the social reforms passed after 1906 were no more than the logical continuation of a legislative trend already well-established. It may appear through the simple cataloguing of administrative growth, in conjunction with the attention focused on the rise of the Labour movement and the ensuing attempt to place both in a long-term historical perspective, that the Liberal party was largely the passive instrument of movements and ideas which passed around and about the party, rather than through and within it; and, this being so, that interpretations such as those of Laski, dating the emergence of ‘fundamental’ party divisions from post-1914, may be too easily accepted.
TL;DR: In vitro bone marrow cultures, obtained from haematologically normal individuals and from patients with iron deficiency, were used to study the effect of the iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, on the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression of 3H‐thymidine incorporation into DNA produced by the dihydrofolate re‐ductase inhibitor, methotrexate.
Abstract: Summary
In vitro bone marrow cultures, obtained from haematologically normal individuals and from patients with iron deficiency, were used to study the effect of the iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, on the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA produced by the dihydrofolate re-ductase inhibitor, methotrexate.
Desferrioxamine reduced the degree of impaired deoxyuridine suppression induced by methotrexate in marrow cultures of normal controls. However, in the iron-deficient marrow cultures, the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression induced by methotrexate was less marked than that in controls, and desferrioxamine failed to reduce the degree of abnormal deoxyuridine suppression. After replacement of the iron stores, the degree of abnormal deoxyuridine suppression was increased, and desferrioxamine in this situation reduced the abnormal deoxyuridine suppression.
In four marrow cultures obtained from patients with megaloblastic anaemia, the impaired deoxyuridine suppression in this situation was reduced towards normal by desferrioxamine.
These findings provide biochemical evidence for the morphological findings of normoblastic maturation in vitamin B12- or folate-deficient states complicated by iron deficiency.
TL;DR: Results indicate that serum gastrin, as measured by radioimmunoassay, depends on intact vagal fibers for its release by insulin hypoglycemia.
01 Sep 1972
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a cylindrical-rotor generator, without damper windings, connected to an uncontrolled bridge-rectifier load, is considered, and equations are derived which enable the performance prediction of generators to be predicted.
Abstract: The performance of a cylindrical-rotor generator, without damper windings, connected to an uncontrolled bridge-rectifier load, is considered. Assuming constant field-flux linkages, equations are derived which enable the performance of generators to be predicted. The commutation angle, the displacement angle and the field-current perturbation are the quantities which characterise generators with rectifier loads. Modification of the equations for a controlled bridge is discussed. The equations are supported by some practical tests on a laboratory machine.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for evaluating the coupling between two rectangular waveguides coupled by a slot of arbitrary dimensions in a wall of arbitrary thickness is described, based on the solution, by numerical techniques, of a pair of coupled integral equations.
Abstract: A method for evaluating the coupling between two rectangular waveguides, coupled by a slot of arbitrary dimensions in a wall of arbitrary thickness is described. The method is based on the solution, by numerical techniques, of a pair of coupled integral equations. Results for typical shunt and series slots are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the radial gradients and the anisotropy vector atr = 1 AU due to galactic cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei were calculated for the 1964-65 solar minimum.
Abstract: Numerical calculations have been made of the radial gradients and the anisotropyvector atr=1 AU due to galactic cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei. The model used assumes transport by convection and anisotropic diffusion, and includes the energy losses due to adiabatic deceleration. The present calculations are for the 1964–65 solar minimum. An important constraint applied ineach case was that the model reproduces the electron modulation known from deductions of the galactic spectrum and observations of the near-Earth spectrum; and also reproduces the near-Earth proton and helium nuclei spectra. The diffusion coefficients have been based upon those deduced from magnetic-field power spectra.
TL;DR: The non-toxicity of heart-reactive antibodies in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever suggests that these antibodies do not have a primary pathogenetic role and are formed as part of an immunological response to heart tissue which has been damaged by some unrelated cardiotoxic agent.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that traditional analytic methods of science are inadequate when a system composed of interrelated parts is being investigated, and they argue, on the contrary, that modern analytic methods are insufficient when such systems are being investigated.
Abstract: Systems theorists maintain that the traditional analytic methods of science are inadequate when a system composed of interrelated parts is being investigated. This paper argues, on the contrary, th...
TL;DR: The relationship of increased citric acid cycle activity to degranulation and particle uptake is discussed, and it is suggested that this respiratory burst is unnecessary for either of these events, and that it is not a necessary accompaniment of platelet phagocytosis, nor specific for this process.
Abstract: Summary
In vitro platelet uptake of latex and thorotrast has been studied in the presence of a number of chemicals which inhibit metabolism and alter platelet ukrastructure. Latex uptake appears to require energy from anaerobic glycolysis and divalent cations, and is relatively easily influenced by substances which alter platelet ukrastructure. Platelet ATPases play either no role or only a minor one, and intact microtubules are unnecessary. Energy requirements for thorotrast uptake appear to be minimal or absent, divalent cations are not needed, and gross alteration of platelet ukrastructure still allows small amounts of thorotrast to gain entry into a few platelets. Platelet ATPases and intact microtubules are unnecessary for thorotrast uptake. It is concluded that latex uptake is probably by an active phagocytic process and thorotrast uptake is by a different mechanism. The relationship of increased citric acid cycle activity to degranulation and particle uptake is discussed, and it is suggested that this respiratory burst is unnecessary for either of these events, and that it is not a necessary accompaniment of platelet phagocytosis, nor specific for this process.
TL;DR: Antigens in infected cell culture fluids can be easily concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation to yield suitable hemagglutinating and complement-fixing antigens for several togaviruses.
Abstract: Antigens in infected cell culture fluids can be easily concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation to yield suitable hemagglutinating and complement-fixing antigens for several togaviruses.