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Showing papers by "Monash University published in 1978"


Journal ArticleDOI
G.A. Watterson1
01 Feb 1978-Genetics
TL;DR: It is shown that homozygosity is also influenced by the presence of deleterious alleles and by other departures from neutrality, but at a lower order of magnitude of effect if the selection coefficients are of the same small order of order.
Abstract: An earlier paper showed that the homozygosity (of a population or sample) was a good statistic for testing departures from selective neutrality in the direction of heterozygote advantage or disadvantage. It is here shown that homozygosity is also influenced by the presence of deleterious alleles and by other departures from neutrality, but at a lower order of magnitude of effect if the selection coefficients are of the same small order of magnitude. Tables are provided for the significance points and moments of the homozygosity, under the null hypothesis of neutrality.

669 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method for determining the unit commitment schedule for hydro-thermal systems using extensions and modifications of the Branch and Bound method for Inteler Programming has been developed and significant features include its computational practicability for realistic systems and proper representation of reserves associated with different risk levels.
Abstract: A method for determining the unit commitment schedule for hydro-thermal systems using extensions and modifications of the Branch and Bound method for Inteler Programming has been developed. Significant features of the method include its computational practicability for realistic systems and proper representation of reserves associated with different risk levels. Contracts relating to power interchange have also been adequately modelled for such an approach.

372 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
D. J. Wilcox1
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient basis for the numerical manipulation of the Laplace transform for the purpose of solving transient problems which are not amenable to conventional analytic manipulation is presented, although the underlying material is not new, the manner of presentation is such as to expose important matters of detail.
Abstract: The paper presents an efficient basis for the numerical manipulation of the Laplace transform for the purpose of solving transient problems which are not amenable to conventional analytic manipulation. Although the underlying material is not new, the manner of presentation is such as to expose important matters of detail.

131 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1978-Cancer
TL;DR: A long‐term ovarian carcinoma cell line is described in terms of its morphology, original histopathology, electron microscopic features and chromosome features before and after transplantation into an athymic nude mouse.
Abstract: A long-term ovarian carcinoma cell line is described in terms of its morphology, original histopathology, electron microscopic features and chromosome features before and after transplantation into an athymic nude mouse. The microscopic features of the tumor nodule grown in the nude mouse are compared with the original pathology. Epithelial characteristics of the cells were maintained in culture and after retrieval from the nude mouse. Three markers were identified in all karyotypes and trisomy was noted in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 16, and × and monosomy of 17 and 21. Cancer 42:2352–2359, 1978.

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the background, theory and practice of programmed learning and educational technology in Visual Literacy: Background, Theory and Practice Programmed Learning and Educational Technology: Vol 15, No 4, pp 291-297
Abstract: (1978) Visual Literacy: Background, Theory and Practice Programmed Learning and Educational Technology: Vol 15, No 4, pp 291-297

83 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported here that under the experimental conditions, sperm penetration into human eggs can occur much faster than previously reported.
Abstract: The timing of sperm penetration through the zona peliucida, and fertilization of human eggs had received little attention in the literature. Edwards et al. (1969) inseminated eggs matured in vitro with ejaculated spermatozoa which had been washed and found that spermatozoa did not penetrate the anna pellucida earlier than 7 h after insemination. A similar time interval between insemination and anna penetration by spermatozoa has been reported by others (Bavister et al., 1969; Overstreet and Hembree, 1976). This time interval has been considered to represent the time required for sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and passage of the reacted spermatozoa through the zona pellucida (Austin, 1969; Austin et al., 1973). We report here that under our experimental conditions, sperm penetration into human eggs can occur much faster than previously reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immature oocytes were collected at laparoscopy by flushing ovarian follicles with Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 556 mM glucose and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. The recovery rate and criteria used for selection of viable oocytes were as reported by Lopata and coworkers (1974). The selected oocytes were thoroughly rinsed with the same buffer and transferred into 0.2 ml of a culture medium under liquid paraffin in a plastic petri dish. The culture medium was Ham’s F-b supplemented with 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 mM sodium lactate, penicillin G (100 units/mi) and 15% heat-inactivated human serum. The oocytes were incubated for 2 days at 37#{176}C under 5% CO2 in air. When examined at the end of incubation, the follicle cells that were originally surrounding each oocyte were found as a compact cell mass attached to an almost naked oocyte. The oocytes were mechanically freed from the follicle cell mass and then washed twice with BWW medium (Biggers et al., 1971), supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated human serum and placed in 0.2 ml of fresh, BWW medium (serum-supplemented) under paraffin oil in a petri dish. Freshly ejaculated spermatozoa were washed 3 times with BWW medium by centrifugation (1,000 rpm for 10 mm each) and added to the droplet containing the oocytes. The final concentration of spermatozoa in the droplet was about 5 X io spermatozoa/mI. The dish was incubated at 37#{176}C Accepted January 20, 1978. Received November 10, 1977. under 5% CO2 in air. Two oocytes, selected at random, were removed from the dish at 2, 4 or 7 h after insemination (total number of oocytes studied = 6) and were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in an epon-araldite mixture. The oocytes were studied using both light and transmission electron microscopy for signs of zona penetration and fertilization.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is evidence that psychological symptoms do occur in increased frequency in relationship to declining ovarian function, and administration of oestrogens alone or in combination with progestogens appear to alleviate some of the symptoms.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the distribution of the cells of cardiac sensory fibres is more extensive within thoracic DRG than has been previously reported, and it is suggested that such fibres travelling in the sympathetic cardiac nerves may be either myelinated or unmyelinated.
Abstract: The distribution of sensory cells whose axons traverse the stellate ganglion and project via sympathetic cardiac nerves to the heart of the cat has been examined quantitatively. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected at multiple sites in the right stellate ganglion, or applied to the middle cardiac nerve, labelled small numbers of cells in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from T1 to T8. These cells were most numerous between T2 and T5 and were consistently small (less than 40 micrometer) relative to other cells in the DRG. When HRP was applied to middle cardiac nerves, the numbers of labelled sensory cells always exceeded the numbers of myelinated axons counted in the same nerves from other cats. It is concluded that the distribution of the cells of cardiac sensory fibers is more extensive within thoracic DRG than has been previously reported, and it is suggested that such fibres travelling in the sympathetic cardiac nerves may be either myelinated or unmyelinated.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 1. β‐Adrenoceptors have been investigated in cardiac and renal cell membranes from hypertensive and normal rats and showed associations with apoptosis in mice and in humans.
Abstract: 1. beta-Adrenoceptors have been investigated in cardiac and renal cell membranes from hypertensive and normal rats. 2. The 125I-labelled beta-adrenoceptor antagonist 1-(4-iodophenoxy)-3-isopropylaminopropan-2-ol was used to measure directly the number and affinity of receptors. 3. Cardiac membranes from hypertensive rats had a lower concentration of beta-adrenoceptors than membranes from control normotensive animals, but the affinities of the receptors remained unchanged. Receptor concentration decreased by half and was similar in each of the three models of experimental hypertension investigated. 4. In contrast, kidney membranes from hypertensive animals had the same beta-adrenoceptor concentration and affinity as membranes from normotensive rats. 5. The decrease in cardiac beta-adrenoceptor concentration may reflect an increase in cardiac sympathetic drive in these experimental hypertensive models.

45 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oestrogen containing medications were more effective than the progestogen (norgestrel) and placebo in reducing hot flush frequency and intensity.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The inhibition of the patient's PPP in the thrombin generation, the contact product, and the stypven time tests were corrected by the inclusion in the test system of platelets activated by aggregation due to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or formalin fixation and washing.
Abstract: A lupus-type anticoagulant which causes strong inhibition of the partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK), the stypven time, and the thrombin generation tests has been investigated. All tests for platelet function were normal, as were all specific coagulation factor assays with the exception of a slightly reduced factor XI in this patient. A diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-immunoglobulin (DEAE-cellulose-IgG) fractionation of the patient's plasma produced two peaks containing inhibitory activity in the PTTK test. The first of these peaks had a cloudy appearance, suggesting the presence of immunoglobulin aggregates. Studies with IgG aggregates prepared from normal IgG and from the patient's IgG demonstrated that such aggregates were not the cause of inhibition. It was possible to neutralize the inhibitory activity of the purified IgG but not platelet-poor plasma (PPP) with a rabbit anti-IgG. The inhibition of the patient's PPP in the thrombin generation, the contact product, and the stypven time tests were corrected by the inclusion in the test system of platelets activated either by aggregation due to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or formalin fixation and washing. These studies lend support to earlier findings that platelets interact at several sites in the coagulation cascade.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Tyan and Thomas have given a characterization of a class of bivariate Poisson processes and gave some properties and examples of such processes, which is a special case of a special class of Poisson distributions.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This method permits rapid processing of samples and climinates time-consumlng column chromatography techniques and good agreement of results is obtained when the radioactive method is compared to the spectrophotometric assay method.

Journal ArticleDOI
Judith Lumley1
TL;DR: First pregnancy was associated with a progressive decline in both sexual desire and frequency of intercourse in a study group of couples, and after childbirth the changes were more variable.
Abstract: Summary: First pregnancy was associated with a progressive decline in both sexual desire and frequency of intercourse in a study group of couples. After childbirth the changes were more variable. The median interval before finding intercourse enjoyable was 2 months. Twenty per cent of subjects reported that intercourse was still painful 14 weeks after delivery. An equal proportion had more enjoyment from sex postpartum than they had ever experienced before pregnancy. Factors associated with the new baby halved the frequency of intercourse for half the couples.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vasopressin may play a role in normal cardiovascular homeostatic responses, but its role in the pathogenesis of one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension is unlikely to be significant.
Abstract: 1. The role of vasopressin in blood pressure control and in the pathogenesis of one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in the conscious dog was investigated. 2. Infusion of synthetic arginine vasopressin to elevate plasma levels approximately five-fold caused bradycardia in normal dogs and increase in mean arterial blood pressure in dogs with pharmacological autonomic blockade. 3. A similar degree of elevation of plasma vasopressin concentration was observed after mild non-hypotensive haemorrhage. 4. Renal artery constriction in unilaterally-nephrectomized dogs caused a rise in plasma renin activity and only a doubling of plasma vasopressin concentration, but a marked rise in mean arterial blood pressure. 5. Vasopressin may play a role in normal cardiovascular homeostatic responses, but its role in the pathogenesis of this form of hypertension is unlikely to be significant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A further patient with severe combined immuno-deficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency has been identified and a single simple and rapid chromatographic procedure is used to isolate the products of both reactions.


Patent
Owen E. Potter1
29 Dec 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method for drying a solid material containing a vaporizable material which comprises establishing at least first and second fluidized beds containing the solid material in which in at least the first fluidized bed the fluidizing medium is the vaporisable material in vapor form and in which the fluidization medium is heated indirectly by vaporizable materials in the form of a saturated vapor.
Abstract: The invention resides in one embodiment in a multiple effect method of and apparatus for drying a solid material containing a vaporizable material which comprises establishing at least first and second fluidized beds containing the solid material in which in at least the first fluidized bed the fluidizing medium is the vaporizable material in vapor form and in which the fluidized beds are heated indirectly, such that vaporizable material is removed from the solid material, the vaporizable material removed from the solid material in the first fluidized bed being used to provide the indirect heating of the second fluidized bed. The invention resides in another aspect in a method of drying a solid material containing a vaporizable material which comprises establishing a fluidized bed containing the solid material in which the fluidizing medium is the vaporizable material in vapor form and in which the fluidized bed is heated indirectly by vaporizable material in the form of a saturated vapor, such that vaporizable material is removed from the solid material, the removed vaporizable material being fed to a steam generator wherein it is used to produce clean saturated steam by heating the condensate from indirect heating of the fluidized bed.

Patent
Owen E. Potter1
29 Dec 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a method of drying a solid material containing less than 95% by weight of a vaporizable material was proposed, which consisted in establishing a fluidized bed containing the solid material, introducing fluidizing medium, heating the fluidizing bed indirectly, feeding the liquid material to the liquid, and removing the vapor product from the fluid.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method of drying a solid material containing less than 95% by weight of a vaporizable material which comprises establishing a fluidized bed containing the solid material, introducing fluidizing medium, heating the fluidized bed indirectly, feeding the solid material to be dried to the fluidized bed and removing dried solid material therefrom, and removing vapor product from the fluidized bed. In accordance with the present invention the fluidizing medium is the vaporizable material in vapor form and vapor product comprising the vaporizable material substantially uncontaminated by other gases is removed from the fluidized bed for further use. By producing a vapor product substantially uncontaminated by other gases, the invention enables economic recovery of the vaporizable material per se, as well as the latent heat thereof, which is of particular value when the vapor product is steam.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the organothallium carboxylates, R2TIO2CR (R = C6F5, p-MeOC6F4 or p-HC6F 4 or o-HC 6F 4 ) and showed that the decarboxylation and formation of the corresponding tris(polyfluorophenyl)thallium compounds, which were isolated in analytically pure form as the complexes R3Tl(diox) (R.4'-bipyridyl).
Abstract: The organothallium carboxylates, R2TIO2CR (R = C6F5, p-MeOC6F4, p-HC6F4, m-HC6F4 or o-HC6F4), prepared by reactions of appropriate halogenobis(polyfluorophenyl)thallium(III) compounds and sodium carboxylates, are considered to have associated structures with bridging carboxylate groups. Thermal decomposition of R2TlO2CR (R = C6F5, p-MeOC6F4 or p-HC6F4 or m-HC6F4) in boiling pyridine resulted in decarboxylation and formation of the corresponding tris(polyfluorophenyl)thallium compounds, which were isolated in analytically pure form as the complexes R3Tl(diox) (R = C6F5, p-HC6F4 or m-HC6F4; diox = 1,4-dioxan) and R3Tl(bpy) (R = C6F5 or p-MeOC6F4; bpy = 4,4'-bipyridyl). However, no decomposition was observed when R = o-HC6F4. The ease of decarboxylation decreased in the sequence R = C6F5 > p-MeOC6F5 ≥ p-HC6F4 ≈ m-HC6F4 S o-HC6F4, and a possible mechanism is discussed. Pyrolysis of R2TIO2CR (R = C6F5, p-MeOC6F4, p-HC6F4, m-HC6F4 or o-HC6F4) at 310° under nitrogen in the absence of a solvent gave tris(polyfluorophenyl)thallium compounds (R = C6F5, p-MeOC6F4, p-HC6F4 or m-HC6F4), isolated as the dioxan complexes, thallous fluoride and polyfluorobiphenyls and polyfluoropolyphenyls. In addition, decafluorobenzophenone was obtained when R = C6F5, methyl fluoride when R = p-MeOC6F4 and the corresponding tetrafluorobenzene C6H2F4 when R = p-HC6F4, m-HC6F4 or o-HC6F4. Chlorobis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thallium(III) was prepared by reaction of thallic chloride with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methoxyphenyllithium, which was obtained from 2,3,5,6-tetra- fluoroanisole and butyllithium.

Journal ArticleDOI
Peter G. Warr1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the potential benefits from tariff compensation are small relative to the gains from tariff reduction, and that even if this fails they should be most reluctant to recommend tariff compensation.
Abstract: Should lightly protected industries be given tariff compensation? Reasonable people can and do differ on this issue; neither the case supporting tariff compensation nor that opposing it is fully conclusive. Nevertheless, it is the purpose of this paper to argue that, on balance, the stronger argument is on the negative side. It is argued that economists in particular should focus their limited influence on recommending tariff reductions rather than tariff compensation, but that even if this fails they should be most reluctant to recommend tariff compensation. The potential benefits from tariff compensation are small relative to the gains from tariff reduction but the informational problems of tariff compensation are such as to make even these small potential benefits unlikely in practice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Penicillamine (beta1 beta2 dimethylcysteine) is the drug of choice in the therapeutic management of Wilson's disease and cystinuria and has been used in the treatment of some heavy-metal intoxications.


Journal ArticleDOI
C. A. Maher1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at recent trends in the inner city of Melbourne and find that while significant changes are occurring in both population and dwelling units, their nature suggests an upgrading rather than a downgrading of inner city.
Abstract: Summary The inner sections of most large metropolitan regions increasingly are becoming areas of concern. The combination of ageing and obsolescent facilities with falling population numbers and high turnover rates is being seen to threaten the future viability of the inner region, particularly in terms of a residential function. This paper looks at recent trends in the inner city of Melbourne and finds that while significant changes are occurring in both population and dwelling units, their nature suggests an upgrading rather than a downgrading of the inner city.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The empirical frequency distributions of continuously-compounded monthly share returns on the Melbourne Stock Exchange over 1958-73 were studied for individual securities and portfolios in this paper, where the typical frequency distribution was
Abstract: The empirical frequency distributions of continuously-compounded monthly share returns on the Melbourne Stock Exchange over 1958-73 are studied for individual securities and portfolios. The typical...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that the active pill (“Ovulen”) was associated with a decreased sexual response, but with no increase in the depression index (relative to placebo).
Abstract: Twenty women using oral contraception for a minimum of 2 years with no side effects volunteered to take part in this experiment which commenced after they had undergone laparoscopic sterilization. In a double-blind cross-over design, patients were administered either 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate + 0.1 mg mestranol ("Ovulen") each day for 21 days or an identical-looking placebo for the same number of days. The following month the alternative (cross-over) tablet was given. On days 12 and 25 of each cycle the women completed a modified form of Pitt's Depression Index and a short Sexual Response Score. The result indicated that the active pill ("Ovulen") was associated with a decreased sexual response, but with no increase in the depression index (relative to placebo). The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to previous work, the methodology of the study and hormone-behaviour experiments.