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Institution

Monash University

EducationMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
About: Monash University is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35920 authors who have published 100681 publications receiving 3027002 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2011-Brain
TL;DR: It is concluded that neither plasticity nor vulnerability theories are able to explain the range of functional outcomes from early brain insult, and where a child's outcome falls along a 'recovery continuum' depends on injury factors and environmental influences.
Abstract: Plasticity is an intrinsic property of the central nervous system, reflecting its capacity to respond in a dynamic manner to the environment and experience via modification of neural circuitry. In the context of healthy development, plasticity is considered beneficial, facilitating adaptive change in response to environmental stimuli and enrichment, with research documenting establishment of new neural connections and modification to the mapping between neural activity and behaviour. Less is known about the impact of this plasticity in the context of the young, injured brain. This review seeks to explore plasticity processes in the context of early brain insult, taking into account historical perspectives and building on recent advances in knowledge regarding ongoing development and recovery following early brain insult, with a major emphasis on neurobehavioural domains. We were particularly interested to explore the way in which plasticity processes respond to early brain insult, the implications for functional recovery and how this literature contributes to the debate between localization of brain function and neural network models. To this end we have provided an overview of normal brain development, followed by a description of the biological mechanisms associated with the most common childhood brain insults, in order to explore an evidence base for considering the competing theoretical perspectives of early plasticity and early vulnerability. We then detail these theories and the way in which they contribute to our understanding of the consequences of early brain insult. Finally, we examine evidence that considers key factors (e.g. insult severity, age at insult, environment) that may act, either independently or synergistically, to influence recovery processes and ultimate outcome. We conclude that neither plasticity nor vulnerability theories are able to explain the range of functional outcomes from early brain insult. Rather, they represent extremes along a 'recovery continuum'. Where a child's outcome falls along this continuum depends on injury factors (severity, nature, age) and environmental influences (family, sociodemographic factors, interventions).

472 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper analyzes key aspects of the various AIA methods, including both feature extraction and semantic learning methods and provides a comprehensive survey on automatic image annotation.

472 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New therapeutic approaches either entering clinical trials or in preclinical development, and the challenges that remain in translating these discoveries to new and approved therapies for heart failure are addressed.
Abstract: The onset of heart failure is typically preceded by cardiac hypertrophy, a response of the heart to increased workload, a cardiac insult such as a heart attack or genetic mutation. Cardiac hypertrophy is usually characterized by an increase in cardiomyocyte size and thickening of ventricular walls. Initially, such growth is an adaptive response to maintain cardiac function; however, in settings of sustained stress and as time progresses, these changes become maladaptive and the heart ultimately fails. In this review, we discuss the key features of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and the numerous mediators that have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy affecting gene transcription, calcium handling, protein synthesis, metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discuss new mediators including signaling proteins, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and new findings related to the role of calcineurin and calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. We also highlight mediators and processes which contribute to the transition from adaptive cardiac remodeling to maladaptive remodeling and heart failure. Treatment strategies for heart failure commonly include diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and β-blockers; however, mortality rates remain high. Here, we discuss new therapeutic approaches (e.g., RNA-based therapies, dietary supplementation, small molecules) either entering clinical trials or in preclinical development. Finally, we address the challenges that remain in translating these discoveries to new and approved therapies for heart failure.

471 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The compounds that inhibit the NADH–ubiquinone reductase activity of complex I are classified according to three fundamental types of action on the basis of available evidence and recent insights.

471 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrate that this manganese cluster dissociates into Mn(II) compounds in the Nafion, which are then reoxidized to form dispersed nanoparticles of a disordered Mn(III/IV)-oxide phase.
Abstract: Water oxidation in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is catalysed by the Mn₄CaO₄ cluster of Photosystem II. This cluster has inspired the development of synthetic manganese catalysts for solar energy production. A photoelectrochemical device, made by impregnating a synthetic tetranuclear-manganese cluster into a Nafion matrix, has been shown to achieve efficient water oxidation catalysis. We report here in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies that demonstrate that this cluster dissociates into Mn(II) compounds in the Nafion, which are then reoxidized to form dispersed nanoparticles of a disordered Mn(III/IV)-oxide phase. Cycling between the photoreduced product and this mineral-like solid is responsible for the observed photochemical water-oxidation catalysis. The original manganese cluster serves only as a precursor to the catalytically active material. The behaviour of Mn in Nafion therefore parallels its broader biogeochemistry, which is also dominated by cycles of oxidation into solid Mn(III/IV) oxides followed by photoreduction to Mn²⁺.

471 citations


Authors

Showing all 36568 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Bert Vogelstein247757332094
Kenneth W. Kinzler215640243944
David J. Hunter2131836207050
David R. Williams1782034138789
Yang Yang1712644153049
Lei Jiang1702244135205
Dongyuan Zhao160872106451
Christopher J. O'Donnell159869126278
Leif Groop158919136056
Mark E. Cooper1581463124887
Theo Vos156502186409
Mark J. Smyth15371388783
Rinaldo Bellomo1471714120052
Detlef Weigel14251684670
Geoffrey Burnstock141148899525
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023250
20221,020
20219,402
20208,419
20197,409
20186,437