Monash University

About: Monash University is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35920 authors who have published 100681 publications receiving 3027002 citations.

The Emerging Threat of (Micro)Thrombosis in COVID-19 and Its Therapeutic Implications.

Abstract: The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing global pandemic has presented a health emergency of unprecedented magnitude Recent clinical data has highlighted that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a significant risk of thrombotic complications ranging from microvascular thrombosis, venous thromboembolic disease, and stroke Importantly, thrombotic complications are markers of severe COVID-19 and are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality The evidence to date supports the concept that the thrombotic manifestations of severe COVID-19 are due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to invade endothelial cells via ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which is expressed on the endothelial cell surface However, in patients with COVID-19 the subsequent endothelial inflammation, complement activation, thrombin generation, platelet, and leukocyte recruitment, and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses culminate in immunothrombosis, ultimately causing (micro)thrombotic complications, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke Accordingly, the activation of coagulation (eg, as measured with plasma D-dimer) and thrombocytopenia have emerged as prognostic markers in COVID-19 Given thrombotic complications are central determinants of the high mortality rate in COVID-19, strategies to prevent thrombosis are of critical importance Several antithrombotic drugs have been proposed as potential therapies to prevent COVID-19-associated thrombosis, including heparin, FXII inhibitors, fibrinolytic drugs, nafamostat, and dipyridamole, many of which also possess pleiotropic anti-inflammatory or antiviral effects The growing awareness and mechanistic understanding of the prothrombotic state of COVID-19 patients are driving efforts to more stringent diagnostic screening for thrombotic complications and to the early institution of antithrombotic drugs, for both the prevention and therapy of thrombotic complications The shifting paradigm of diagnostic and treatment strategies holds significant promise to reduce the burden of thrombotic complications and ultimately improve the prognosis for patients with COVID-19

MplusAutomation: An R Package for Facilitating Large-Scale Latent Variable Analyses in Mplus

Abstract: MplusAutomation is a package for R that facilitates complex latent variable analyses in Mplus involving comparisons among many models and parameters. More specifically, MplusAutomation provides too...

Redefining expectations of long-term survival after the Fontan procedure: twenty-five years of follow-up from the entire population of Australia and New Zealand.

Abstract: Background—The life expectancy of patients undergoing a Fontan procedure is unknown. Methods and Results—Follow-up of all 1006 survivors of the 1089 patients who underwent a Fontan procedure in Australia and New Zealand was obtained from a binational population-based registry including all pediatric and adult cardiac centers. There were 203 atriopulmonary connections (AP; 1975–1995), 271 lateral tunnels (1988–2006), and 532 extracardiac conduits (1997–2010). The proportion with hypoplastic left heart syndrome increased from 1/173 (1%) before 1990 to 80/500 (16%) after 2000. Survival at 10 years was 89% (84%–93%) for AP and 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94%–99%) for lateral tunnels and extracardiac conduits. The longest survival estimate was 76% (95% CI, 67%–82%) at 25 years for AP. AP independently predicted worse survival compared with extracardiac conduits (hazard ratio, 6.2; P<0.001; 95% CI, 2.4–16.0). Freedom from failure (death, transplantation, takedown, conversion to extracardiac conduits, New...

Monitoring Ecological Impacts - Concepts and practice in flowing waters

Abstract: Part I. Introduction to the Nature of Monitoring Problems and to Rivers: 1. Why we need well-designed monitoring programs 2. The ecological nature of flowing waters 3. Assessment of perturbation Part II. Principles of Inference and Design: 4. Inferential issues for monitoring 5. The logical bases of monitoring design 6. Problems in applying designs 7. Alternative models for impact assessment Part III. Applying Principles of Inference and Design: 8. Applying monitoring designs to flowing waters 9. Inferential uncertainty and multiple lines of evidence 10. Variables that are used for monitoring in flowing waters 11. Defining important changes 12. Decisions and trade-offs 13. Optimization 14. The special case of monitoring attempts at restoration 15. What's next?