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Institution

Monash University

EducationMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
About: Monash University is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 35920 authors who have published 100681 publications receiving 3027002 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proportion of patients aged ≥ 80 years admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand is rapidly increasing, and although these patients have more co-morbid illness, are less likely to be discharged home, and have a greater mortality than younger patients, approximately 80% survive to hospital discharge.
Abstract: Older age is associated with higher prevalence of chronic illness and functional impairment, contributing to an increased rate of hospitalization and admission to intensive care. The primary objective was to evaluate the rate, characteristics and outcomes of very old (age ≥ 80 years) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database. Data were obtained for 120,123 adult admissions for ≥ 24 hours across 57 ICUs from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005. A total of 15,640 very old patients (13.0%) were admitted during the study. These patients were more likely to be from a chronic care facility, had greater co-morbid illness, greater illness severity, and were less likely to receive mechanical ventilation. Crude ICU and hospital mortalities were higher (ICU: 12% vs. 8.2%, P < 0.001; hospital: 24.0% vs. 13%, P < 0.001). By multivariable analysis, age ≥ 80 years was associated with higher ICU and hospital death compared with younger age strata (ICU: odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4 to 3.0; hospital: OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 4.9 to 5.9). Factors associated with lower survival included admission from a chronic care facility, co-morbid illness, nonsurgical admission, greater illness severity, mechanical ventilation, and longer stay in the ICU. Those aged ≥ 80 years were more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation/long-term care (12.3% vs. 4.9%, OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.6 to 2.9). The admission rates of very old patients increased by 5.6% per year. This potentially translates to a 72.4% increase in demand for ICU bed-days by 2015. The proportion of patients aged ≥ 80 years admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand is rapidly increasing. Although these patients have more co-morbid illness, are less likely to be discharged home, and have a greater mortality than younger patients, approximately 80% survive to hospital discharge. These data also imply a potential major increase in demand for ICU bed-days for very old patients within a decade.

377 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that CD1d/αGC tetramer-binding NKT cells, including NK1.1+ and NK1− subsets, develop in fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) and are completely absent in nude mice, confirming theThymus-dependence of these cells.
Abstract: The development of CD1d-dependent natural killer T (NKT) cells is poorly understood. We have used both CD1d/α-galactosylceramide (CD1d/αGC) tetramers and anti-NK1.1 to investigate NKT cell development in vitro and in vivo. Confirming the thymus-dependence of these cells, we show that CD1d/αGC tetramer-binding NKT cells, including NK1.1+ and NK1.1− subsets, develop in fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) and are completely absent in nude mice. Ontogenically, CD1d/αGC tetramer-binding NKT cells first appear in the thymus, at day 5 after birth, as CD4+CD8−NK1.1−cells. NK1.1+ NKT cells, including CD4+ and CD4−CD8− subsets, appeared at days 7–8 but remained a minor subset until at least 3 wk of age. Using intrathymic transfer experiments, CD4+NK1.1− NKT cells gave rise to NK1.1+ NKT cells (including CD4+ and CD4− subsets), but not vice-versa. This maturation step was not required for NKT cells to migrate to other tissues, as NK1.1− NKT cells were detected in liver and spleen as early as day 8 after birth, and the majority of NKT cells among recent thymic emigrants (RTE) were NK1.1−. Further elucidation of this NKT cell developmental pathway should prove to be invaluable for studying the mechanisms that regulate the development of these cells.

377 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eplerenone 25 mg/day significantly reduced all-cause mortality 30 days after randomization and should be administered in the hospital after AMI in addition to conventional therapy in patients with an LVEF < or =40% and signs of heart failure.

376 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jun 2014-Heart
TL;DR: This smartphone-based home care CR programme improved post-MI CR uptake, adherence and completion and was as effective in improving physiological and psychological health outcomes as traditional CR.
Abstract: Objective Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is pivotal in preventing recurring events of myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to investigate the effect of a smartphone-based home service delivery (Care Assessment Platform) of CR (CAP-CR) on CR use and health outcomes compared with a traditional, centre-based programme (TCR) in post-MI patients. Methods In this unblinded randomised controlled trial, post-MI patients were randomised to TCR (n=60; 55.7±10.4 years) and CAP-CR (n=60; 55.5±9.6 years) for a 6-week CR and 6-month self-maintenance period. CAP-CR, delivered in participants’ homes, included health and exercise monitoring, motivational and educational material delivery, and weekly mentoring consultations. CAP-CR uptake, adherence and completion rates were compared with TCR using intention-to-treat analyses. Changes in clinical outcomes (modifiable lifestyle factors, biomedical risk factors and health-related quality of life) across baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months were compared within, and between, groups using linear mixed model regression. Results CAP-CR had significantly higher uptake (80% vs 62%), adherence (94% vs 68%) and completion (80% vs 47%) rates than TCR (p Conclusions This smartphone-based home care CR programme improved post-MI CR uptake, adherence and completion. The home-based CR programme was as effective in improving physiological and psychological health outcomes as traditional CR. CAP-CR is a viable option towards optimising use of CR services. Trial registration number ANZCTR12609000251224.

376 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the influence of ownership type, size, risk profile, profitability and key environmental changes on the bank efficiency using a Tobit regression and found that profit efficiency levels are well below those of cost efficiency, which suggests that the most important inefficiencies are on the revenue side.

376 citations


Authors

Showing all 36568 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Bert Vogelstein247757332094
Kenneth W. Kinzler215640243944
David J. Hunter2131836207050
David R. Williams1782034138789
Yang Yang1712644153049
Lei Jiang1702244135205
Dongyuan Zhao160872106451
Christopher J. O'Donnell159869126278
Leif Groop158919136056
Mark E. Cooper1581463124887
Theo Vos156502186409
Mark J. Smyth15371388783
Rinaldo Bellomo1471714120052
Detlef Weigel14251684670
Geoffrey Burnstock141148899525
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023250
20221,020
20219,402
20208,419
20197,409
20186,437