Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

About: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology is a education organization based out in Dolgoprudnyy, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 8594 authors who have published 16968 publications receiving 246551 citations. The organization is also known as: MIPT & Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University).

Generation and detection of photons in a cavity with a resonantly oscillating boundary

Abstract: The problem of photon creation from vacuum in an ideal cavity with vibrating walls is studied in the resonance case, when the frequency of vibrations equals twice the frequency of some unperturbed electromagnetic mode. Analytical solutions are obtained in two cases: for the one-dimensional model (scalar electrodynamics) and for the three-dimensional (3D) cavity. In the first example, we have a strong intermode interaction; nonetheless, an explicit solution in terms of the complete elliptic integrals is found. The rate of photon generation in the principal mode rapidly assumes a constant value proportional to the product of the frequency by the dimensionless amplitude of oscillations. The total amount of photons created in all the modes increases in time as ${\mathit{t}}^{2}$. In the second example, the eigenmode spectrum is nonequidistant and the problem can be reduced to the problem of a single harmonic oscillator with a time-dependent frequency. The number of photons in the resonant mode of a 3D cavity increases exponentially in time and the field appears in a highly squeezed state with a strongly oscillating photon distribution function. The problem of detecting the created photons is analyzed in the framework of a simplified model, when a detector is replaced with a harmonic oscillator. It turns out that the presence of the detector changes the picture drastically: both the detector and the field mode occur in highly mixed (nonthermal) quantum states, with identical nonoscillating photon distribution functions. The detector gains exactly half of the total energy of excitation inside the cavity. The estimations show a possibility of creating up to several hundred or even thousand photons, provided that the cavity's Q factor exceeds ${10}^{10}$ and the amplitude of the wall's oscillations is greater than ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ cm at a frequency of the order of 10 GHz. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

HOCOMOCO: expansion and enhancement of the collection of transcription factor binding sites models

Abstract: Models of transcription factor (TF) binding sites provide a basis for a wide spectrum of studies in regulatory genomics, from reconstruction of regulatory networks to functional annotation of transcripts and sequence variants. While TFs may recognize different sequence patterns in different conditions, it is pragmatic to have a single generic model for each particular TF as a baseline for practical applications. Here we present the expanded and enhanced version of HOCOMOCO (http://hocomoco.autosome.ru and http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/hocomoco10), the collection of models of DNA patterns, recognized by transcription factors. HOCOMOCO now provides position weight matrix (PWM) models for binding sites of 601 human TFs and, in addition, PWMs for 396 mouse TFs. Furthermore, we introduce the largest up to date collection of dinucleotide PWM models for 86 (52) human (mouse) TFs. The update is based on the analysis of massive ChIP-Seq and HT-SELEX datasets, with the validation of the resulting models on in vivo data. To facilitate a practical application, all HOCOMOCO models are linked to gene and protein databases (Entrez Gene, HGNC, UniProt) and accompanied by precomputed score thresholds. Finally, we provide command-line tools for PWM and diPWM threshold estimation and motif finding in nucleotide sequences.

Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtii

Abstract: Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight, and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt’s bat (Myotis brandtii) is the longest-lived bat species known to date (lifespan exceeds 40 years) and, at 4–8 g adult body weight, is the most extreme mammal with regard to disparity between body mass and longevity. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the Brandt’s bat genome and transcriptome, which suggest adaptations consistent with echolocation and hibernation, as well as altered metabolism, reproduction and visual function. Unique sequence changes in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors are also observed. The data suggest that an altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, which may be common to other long-lived bat species, together with adaptations such as hibernation and low reproductive rate, contribute to the exceptional lifespan of the Brandt’s bat.

Search for high-mass diboson resonances with boson-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: A search is performed for narrow resonances decaying into WW, WZ, or ZZ boson pairs using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = TeV recorded with the AT ...

A microscopic model for phase transitions in traffic flow

Abstract: A microscopic model for phase transitions in traffic flow is presented. The basic assumption of the model is that hypothetical homogeneous and stationary, i.e. `equilibrium' states of the model cover a two-dimensional region in the flow-density plane. As in empirical observations, in the model moving jams do not spontaneously occur in free flow. Instead, the first-order phase transition to synchronized flow beginning at some density in free flow is realized. The moving jams emerge only in synchronized flow. As a result, the diagrams of patterns (states) both for a homogeneous road without bottlenecks and at on-ramps are qualitatively different from those found in other approaches at present. In particular, only one type of pattern occurs at on-ramps, if the flow rates to the on-ramp and on the road are high enough: in this general pattern synchronized flow occurs upstream of the on-ramp and wide moving jams spontaneously emerge in this synchronized flow.