Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

About: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology is a education organization based out in Dolgoprudnyy, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Plasma. The organization has 8594 authors who have published 16968 publications receiving 246551 citations. The organization is also known as: MIPT & Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University).

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery via RBC-hitchhiking for the inhibition of lung metastases growth

Abstract: Delivery of particle-based theranostic agents via their transportation on the surfaces of red blood cells, commonly referred to as RBC-hitchhiking, has historically been developed as a promising strategy for increasing the extremely poor blood circulation lifetime, primarily, of the large-sized sub-micron agents. Here, we show for the first time that RBC-hitchhiking can be extremely efficient for nanoparticle delivery and tumor treatment even in those cases when no circulation prolongation is observed. Specifically, we demonstrate that RBC-hitchhiking of certain small 100 nm particles, unlike that of the conventional sub-micron ones, can boost the delivery of non-targeted particles to lungs up to a record high value of 120-fold (and up to 40% of the injected dose). To achieve this remarkable result, we screened sub-200 nm nanoparticles of different sizes, polymer coatings and ζ-potentials and identified particles with the optimal RBC adsorption/desorption behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated that such RBC-mediated rerouting of particles to lungs can be used to fight pulmonary metastases of aggressive melanoma B16-F1. Our findings could change the general paradigm of drug delivery for cancer treatment with RBC-hitchhiking. It is not the blood circulation lifetime that is the key factor for nanoparticle efficiency, but rather the complexation of nanoparticles with the RBC. The demonstrated technology could become a valuable tool for development of new strategies based on small nanoparticles for the treatment of aggressive and small-cell types of cancer as well as other lung diseases.

The DrugAge database of aging-related drugs.

Abstract: Aging is a major worldwide medical challenge. Not surprisingly, identifying drugs and compounds that extend lifespan in model organisms is a growing research area. Here, we present DrugAge (http://genomics.senescence.info/drugs/), a curated database of lifespan-extending drugs and compounds. At the time of writing, DrugAge contains 1316 entries featuring 418 different compounds from studies across 27 model organisms, including worms, flies, yeast and mice. Data were manually curated from 324 publications. Using drug-gene interaction data, we also performed a functional enrichment analysis of targets of lifespan-extending drugs. Enriched terms include various functional categories related to glutathione and antioxidant activity, ion transport and metabolic processes. In addition, we found a modest but significant overlap between targets of lifespan-extending drugs and known aging-related genes, suggesting that some but not most aging-related pathways have been targeted pharmacologically in longevity studies. DrugAge is freely available online for the scientific community and will be an important resource for biogerontologists.

Phase stability, chemical bonding and mechanical properties of titanium nitrides: a first-principles study

Abstract: We have performed first-principles evolutionary searches for stable Ti–N compounds and have found, in addition to the well-known rock-salt TiN, new ground states Ti3N2, Ti4N3, Ti6N5 at atmospheric pressure, and Ti2N and TiN2 at higher pressures. The latter nitrogen-rich structure contains encapsulated N2 dumbbells with a N–N distance of 1.348 A at 60 GPa. TiN2 is predicted to be mechanically stable and quenchable. Our calculations on the mechanical properties (bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and hardness) are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Further analyses of the electronic density of states, crystal orbital Hamilton population and the electron localization function reveal that the hardness is enhanced by strengthening directional covalent bonds and disappearance of Ti–Ti metallic bonding.

Actinium Hydrides AcH10, AcH12, and AcH16 as High-Temperature Conventional Superconductors.

Abstract: The stability of numerous unexpected actinium hydrides was predicted via the evolutionary algorithm USPEX The electron–phonon interaction was investigated for the hydrogen-richest and most symmetric phases: R3m-AcH10, I4/mmm-AcH12, and P6m2-AcH16 Predicted structures of actinium hydrides are consistent with all previously studied Ac–H phases and demonstrate phonon-mediated high-temperature superconductivity with TC in the range of 204–251 K for R3m-AcH10 at 200 GPa and 199–241 K for P6m2-AcH16 at 150 GPa, which was estimated by directly solving the Eliashberg equation Actinium belongs to the series of d1 elements (Sc–Y–La–Ac) that form high-TC superconducting (HTSC) hydrides Combining this observation with previous predictions of p0-HTSC hydrides (MgH6 and CaH6), we propose that p0 and d1 metals with low-lying empty orbitals tend to form phonon-mediated HTSC metal polyhydrides

Planck 2013 results - XXXII. The updated Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources

Abstract: We update the all-sky Planck catalogue of 1227 clusters and cluster candidates (PSZ1) published in March 2013, derived from detections of the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect using the first 15.5 months of Planck satellite observations. As an addendum, we deliver an updated version of the PSZ1 catalogue, reporting the further confirmation of 86 Planck-discovered clusters. In total, the PSZ1 now contains 947 confirmed clusters, of which 214 were confirmed as newly discovered clusters through follow-up observations undertaken by the Planck Collaboration. The updated PSZ1 contains redshifts for 913 systems, of which 736 (~ 80.6%) are spectroscopic, and associated mass estimates derived from the Yz mass proxy. We also provide a new SZ quality flag for the remaining 280 candidates. This flag was derived from a novel artificial neural-network classification of the SZ signal. Based on this assessment, the purity of the updated PSZ1 catalogue is estimated to be 94%. In this release, we provide the full updated catalogue and an additional readme file with further information on the Planck SZ detections.