Showing papers by "Moscow State University published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this article, the general definition of quantization is proposed and two classical systems are considered: the phase space is a Lobachevskii plane and the two-dimensional sphere.
Abstract: The general definition of quantization is proposed. As an example two classical systems are considered. For the first of them the phase space is a Lobachevskii plane, for the second one the two-dimensional sphere.
931 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the D-optimum design theory has been extended to the problem of discriminating between any number of models, where the design points xi are known and the random variables Cik are independently normally distributed with zero mean and constant variance 0y2.
Abstract: where the design points xi are known and the random variables Cik are independently normally distributed with zero mean and constant variance 0y2. In the theoretical development, but not in the numerical examples, we shall, without loss of generality, take 0-2 to be unity. The function st(x) is one of two known functions 81(x, 01) and 82(x, 02), where 01 and 02 are sets of unknown parameters of dimension m1 and in2. The purpose of the experiment is to determine which of the two models is true. The design of experiments for discriminating between any number of models has been investigated by several authors. References to this work and some comments on general aspects of the problem are given in the recent paper of Atkinson & Cox (1974) and in the ensuing discussion. Designs specific for discriminating between only two models have been derived by Fedorov & Malyutov (1972) and Fedorov & Uspensky (1975). In the present paper we collect, exemplify and generalize these results on designs for two models and describe the relationship with the designs of Atkinson & Cox, which are based on an extension of D-optimum design theory. In ? 2 we describe nonsequential designs which are the limits to which the sequential designs of ? 3 converge as the number of trials increases. In ? 4 we discuss the relationship between the two approaches when both models are linear. The least squares estimates of the parameters in the two models, which in general need not be linear, are the solutions of the equations
302 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the density of every infinite semitrajectory in configuration space is proved for a billiard trajectory in a polygon Q⊂R2 having all angles commensurate with π.
Abstract: Consider a billiard in a polygon Q⊂R2 having all angles commensurate with π. For the majority of initial directions, density of every infinite semitrajectory in configuration space is proved. Also proved is the typicality of polygons for which some billiard trajectory is dense in phase space.
300 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider experimental designs for discriminating between three or more rival regression models and show that the results are similar to those of the earlier one, except in some simple cases, a straightforward generalization of those when there are only two models.
Abstract: In this paper we consider experimental designs for discriminating between three or more rival regression models. In an earlier paper (Atkinson & Fedorov, 1975) we described optimal designs for discriminating between two models. Although the approach and nomenclature of the present paper are similar to those of the earlier one, the results are not, except in some simple cases, a straightforward generalization of those when there are only two models. We now suppose that there are v rival regression models
243 citations
TL;DR: Rhythmical scratching movements of the hindlimb were evoked in decerebrate and decapitate cats by stimulation of C1-C2 segments of the spinal cord by 'fictive' scratching, which could be easily elicited provided that the limb was put in a position similar to that of normal scratching.
217 citations
TL;DR: The data obtained show that during locomotion there are at least two sources of inhibition of motoneurons of antagonistic muscles; (i) the activity of 1a afferents of the active muscle, mediating by corresponding interneurons; and (ii) signals coming through the same interneuronons from the central mechanisms of generating stepping movements.
150 citations
TL;DR: By analysing the arrangement of the passive deformations, maps of mechanical stresses in embryos from late blastula up to the early tail-bud stage are constructed and a correlation between the arrangements of stress lines and the presumptive morphological pattern of the embryo is pointed out.
Abstract: 1. Embryos of Rana temporaria have been dissected and shape alterations of different parts of the embryo, taking place within 1 h of separation, have been studied. Two categories of deformation have been revealed. 2. The first category comprises those deformations which take place immediately after separation. They are insensitive to cooling, cyanide and Cytochalasin B treatment. These deformations, which consist of a shortening of initially elongated cells, are considered to be the passive relaxations of previously established elastic tensile stresses. 3. Deformations of the second category proceed more slowly. They are inhibited by cooling, cyanide and Cytochalasin B treatment, are accompanied by elongation and migration of cells and occasionally lead to rather complex morphodifferentiations of isolated fragments. These processes are considered to be the result of the active work of intracellular contractile systems, either pre-existing or induced de novo . 4. By analysing the arrangement of the passive deformations we have constructed maps of mechanical stresses in embryos from late blastula up to the early tail-bud stage. At several embryonic stages drastic transformations of the stress pattern occur, these transformations being separated by periods during which the pattern of stress distribution remains topologically constant. 5. A correlation between the arrangement of stress lines and the presumptive morphological pattern of the embryo is pointed out. 6. Some possible relations between tensile tissue stresses and active mechanochemical processes are discussed.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of deformation under the indentation of MgO crystals has been studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and the dislocation structure and Burgers vectors of rosette dislocations are determined.
Abstract: The mechanism of deformation under the indentation of MgO crystals has been studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The dislocation structure and Burgers vectors of rosette dislocations are determined. The nature and geometry of cathodoluminescence around indentation have been also investigated. The luminescence radiation is shown to be caused by interstitial point defects built up under indentation.
[Russian text ignoreed].
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general theory for connectedness and disconnectedness of topological spaces was developed, which corresponds to the radical-semisimple theory of rings and to the torsion-torsion free theory of abelian categories.
Abstract: The development of a general theory for connectednesses and disconnectednesses of topological spaces was started in Preuss' Ph.D. thesis [8], in [4], [9], [10] and [11]. Preuss' investigations exhibited the until then hidden, but conjectured relationship between separation axioms and not-connectedness of topological spaces. Our present paper clarifies the fact that the theory of connectednesses and disconnectednesses of topological spaces corresponds to the radical—semisimple theory of rings and to the torsion—torsionfree theory of abelian categories (cf. Theorems 2.1, and 3.1). It is the purpose of this paper to study and characterize disconnectednesses and connectednesses of topological spaces. Disconnectednesses will be characterized as hereditary, productive and upwards-closed classes and connectednesses will be classified as continuously closed, second additive and q-reversible classes of topological spaces. It turns out that the class of totally disconnected spaces is the smallest non-trivial disconnectedness; the largest and second largest non-trivial disconnectedness is the class of T0-and T1-spaces, respectively. It is shown that there are infinitely many disconnectednesses and they do not form a chain. Finally some questions concerning the theory of connectednesses and disconnectednesses are stated.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that extrapolating the dependence of the i, φ curves for the electroreduction of the S2O82− anion in the presence of 0.05 M KCl on the r.p.
78 citations
TL;DR: The method permits a large amount of enzyme to be obtained rather quickly with about 60% of the original activity of Na,K-ATPase of the tissue being recovered, and it has a specific activity of about 200 μmoles ATP split per mg protein per hour.
TL;DR: In this paper, a potential approach to the scattering of light nuclei is analyzed in detail, showing that the deep optical potentials are essentially phase-equivalent local potentials for the tedious exchange kernels of the resonating-group method and lead, practically, to the same wave functions.
01 Sep 1975
TL;DR: The invariable primary asymmetrical rotations of blastomeres seem to be the basis of enantiomorphism in molluscan cleavage.
Abstract: The movements of blastomere surfaces marked with carbon particles during cytokinesis of the Ist–IVth cleavage divisions in the eggs of the gastropodsLymnaea stagnalis, L. palustris, Physa acuta and Ph. fontinalis have been studied by time-lapse cinematographic methods. The vitelline membrane was removed with trypsin. At 2- and 4-cell stages shifts of nuclei have also been studied. Symmetrical as well as asymmetrical surface movements (in respect to the furrow plane) have been revealed.
Symmetrical surface movements at the beginning of cytokinesis consist mainly in contraction of the furrow zone and in expansion of the more peripheral regions; between these there is a stationary zone. After the end of cytokinesis the furrow region expands. Considerableasymmetrical surface movements have also been observed in all four divisions. From anaphase until the end of cytokinesis each of the two sister blastomeres rotates with respect to the other in such a way, that if viewed along the spindle axis, the blastomere nearest to the observer rotates dexiotropically in a dextral species and laeotropically in a sinistral species (primary rotations). After the completion of cytokinesis the blastomeres may rotate in a reverse direction. The latter rotations are less pronounced in the IInd and IIIrd divisions and most pronounced in the IVth division. Blastomeres with the vitelline membrane intact retain a slight capacity for primary rotations. In normal conditions nuclei of the first two blastomeres shift mainly laeotropically in dextral species, but dexiotropically in sinistral species, being carried along by the reverse surface rotations. The invariable primary asymmetrical rotations of blastomeres seem to be the basis of enantiomorphism in molluscan cleavage. They are assumed to be determined by an asymmetrical structure of the contractile ring carrying out the cytokinesis.
TL;DR: For convex and centrally symmetric classes of functions, it was proved in this paper that linear methods are among the best methods of approximation from values specified with an error at a finite number of points.
Abstract: It is proved that for convex and centrally symmetric classes of functions a linear method is included among the best (in a definite sense) methods of approximation from values specified with an error at a finite number of points. For some of the simplest classes linear best methods are constructed and their error is estimated.
TL;DR: Data on the direct measurement of electric current generation by bacteriochlorophyll reaction center complexes, isolated from R. rubrum chromatophores, is reported and a method of reconstitution of the reaction center complex-containing proteoliposomes and their association with planar phospholipid membranes was elaborated.
TL;DR: The period of establishing first feeding is the most critical for larvae, and the rate of yolk sac absorption, age at first feeding and their survival and growth when fed different food organisms, were studied.
TL;DR: An assignment of the experimental vibrational frequencies of 1,3-butadiene and its seven deuteroanalogues is given and the calculation of frequencies has been made as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: A method of investigation of the enzyme-mediated charge transfer across a water-lipid interface is reported, consisting in the measurement of the Volta potential difference between an octane and water solution, containing the enzyme system studied.
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that a Weyssenhoff fluid sphere collapses to a singularity and matching and junction conditions in the Einstein-Cartan theory are presented, and it is proved that the singularity can be achieved by a Weysenhoff sphere.
Abstract: In this paper matching and junction conditions in the Einstein-Cartan theory are presented. It is shown that a Weyssenhoff fluid sphere collapses to a singularity.
TL;DR: Several molecular parameters of humic acids isolated from the soils of the most important genetic types are discussed in this article, where the material obtained makes it possible to establish limiting values of the molecular weights of Humic acids and indicate the tendencies in their changes.
TL;DR: Three-component kinetics of fluorescence from pea chloroplasts with lifetimes of 80, 300 and 4500 ps, respectively are found, which may be interpreted as originating from chlorophill monomeric forms which are not involved in photosynthesis.
TL;DR: The aim of this work was to elucidate the possibility of formation of PPi and of its utilization for the ATP synthesis in rat liver mitochondria.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown from the UV and IR spectra that keto acids of the indole series exist in the open acid form and that the anomalies in the spectral behavior in alkaline media are determined by the formation of an anion involving the indoles hydrogen atom.
Abstract: It is shown on the basis of data from the UV and IR spectra that keto acids of the indole series exist in the open acid form. The anomalies in the spectral behavior in alkaline media are determined by the formation of an anion involving the indole hydrogen atom.
TL;DR: A potential model with forbidden states for describing the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the inner region is suggested in this article, where a consistent description of singlet even phase shifts at energies up to 400 MeV has been obtained.
Abstract: A potential model with forbidden states for describing the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the inner region is suggested. Forbidden states in the $N\ensuremath{-}N$ system may occur due to the composite structure of nucleons as a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle. A consistent description of singlet even phase shifts at energies up to 400 MeV has been obtained. The generalization of Levinson's theorem taking forbidden states into account permits a new interesting interpretation of the phase-shift analysis data at higher energies and as a result gives a "smooth matching" of the low-energy phase shifts with the asymptotic region $E\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10$ GeV. The loop which the wave function has in the inner region provides a considerable contribution to the deuteron form factor at great momentum transfers. A comparison is made with the repulsive core model. Possible consequences for the three- and many-nucleon systems are discussed.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $N$ $(N, N)N$, potential model with forbidden states, $^{1}S_{0}$ phase shift to 400 MeV.
TL;DR: The existence of a phase transition of the first kind for anisotropic classical Heisenberg ferromagnet in two or more dimensions and with arbitrary parameter of anisotropy α, |α| < 1 was proved in this article.
Abstract: The existence of a phase transition of the first kind is proved for anisotropic classical Heisenberg ferromagnet in two or more dimensions and with arbitrary parameter of anisotropy α, |α|<1; a similar fact is proved for much more general lattice spin systems.
TL;DR: Two ferricyanide reactive sites in soluble reconstitutively active succinate dehydrogenase are described and the data obtained are consistent with the existence of two active redox centers in succinate dehydration in submitochondrial particles.
TL;DR: A theoretical approach has been developed based on the assumption that charge is transported across the membrane by nigericin dimers and the model yields some predictions which may be verified in future experiments.
Abstract: The electric properties of the bilayer lecithin membranes have been studied in the presence of the antibiotic nigericin. When the antibiotic concentration is about 10−6m the conductivity of the BLM is increased up to 10−7 ohm−1 cm−2. The potassium ion concentration gradient gives rise to a transmembrane potential of the order of 40 mV per 10-fold concentration gradient with the side of the higher potassium concentration negative. The transmembrane potential produced by the hydrogen ion concentration gradient is a function of the potassium ion concentration which is equal on both sides of the membrane. For low potassium ion concentrations the hydrogen potential has the expected polarity with the solution having higher concentration of protons negative. For potassium ion concentrations exceeding 0.03m the hydrogen potential has the reverse polarity. This unexpected result cannot be accounted for in terms of the available simple hypotheses about the charge transport mechanism for nigericin in BLM. In order to account for the experimental results obtained, a theoretical approach has been developed based on the assumption that charge is transported across the membrane by nigericin dimers. The theoretical predictions are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The model also yields some predictions which may be verified in future experiments.
TL;DR: In this article, the statistics of ferroelectrics of the KDP family are investigated on the basis of Blinc and Svetina's model and a comparison with the experiment and an estimation of parameters of the theory for any crystal of the family is made and a satisfactory description of all the experimental data except the differences between the Curie and Curie-Weiss temperatures which are too small in the theory.
Abstract: The statistics of ferroelectrics of the KDP family is investigated on the basis of Blinc and Svetina's model. Tables and graphes for various thermodynamic quantities connected with the transition are presented which permit a comparison with the experiment and an estimation of parameters of the theory for any crystal of the family. An attempt of such a fit of parameters is made and gives a satisfactory description of all the experimental data except the differences between the Curie and Curie-Weiss temperatures which are too small in the theory. Some trends in variations of the found parameters with composition are observed and discussed.
Auf der Grundlage des Modells von Blinc und Svetina wird die Statistik der Ferroelektrika der KDP-Familie untersucht. Es werden Tabellen und graphische Darstellungen fur verschiedene mit dem Ubergang verbundene thermodynamische Grosen angegeben, die einen Vergleich mit dem Experiment und eine Berechnung der Parameter der Theorie fur jeden Kristall aus der Familie erlauben. Es wird der Versuch einer derartigen Parameteranpassung unternommen, wobei eine befriedigende Beschreibung aller experimentellen Werte erhalten wird, auser einer Differenz zwischen Curie- und Curie-Weis-Temperatur, die in der Theorie zu klein ist. Einige Tendenzen der Anderungen der gefundenen Parameter mit der Zusammensetzung werden beobachtet und diskutiert.
TL;DR: Regardless of the cation used, the major part of the catalytic activity of the transketolase molecule manifests itself in the binding of one molecule of the coenzyme.
TL;DR: Mean amplitudes of vibration ( u ) for bonded and non-bonded CC distances from gas electron diffraction were treated statistically in this article, and the following empirical relation was established on the basis of 71 measurements u (CC) = 0.013837 + 0.023398 r -0.000147 r 2 where r is the internuclear distance in the range 1.217⩽ r ⩽ 5.618 ( r and u are both in A).