Showing papers by "Moscow State University published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the new electronic techniques required for quantum nondemolition measurements and the theory underlying them, which may find application elsewhere in science and technology, such as quantum chemistry, quantum optics, or atomic, nuclear, and elementary particle physics.
Abstract: Some future gravitational-wave antennas will be cylinders of mass ∼100 kilograms, whose end-to-end vibrations must be measured so accurately (10^(–19) centimeter) that they behave quantum mechanically. Moreover, the vibration amplitude must be measured over and over again without perturbing it (quantum nondemolition measurement). This contrasts with quantum chemistry, quantum optics, or atomic, nuclear, and elementary particle physics, where one usually makes measurements on an ensemble of identical objects and does not care whether any single object is perturbed or destroyed by the measurement. This article describes the new electronic techniques required for quantum nondemolition measurements and the theory underlying them. Quantum nondemolition measurements may find application elsewhere in science and technology.
643 citations
TL;DR: The hindlimb of the spinal frog produces a wiping reflex evoked by electrically or chemically stimulating distal skin of the forelimb, which is discussed in light of the hypothesis that movement is evoked according to changes in the equilibrium (postural state) of the system.
Abstract: The hindlimb of the spinal frog produces a wiping reflex evoked by electrically or chemically stimulating distal skin of the forelimb. The reflex was released in frogs supported on a flat surface or suspended. It was found to have two stages. During the first, the frog fixed the hindlimb in an intermediate posture irrespective of forelimb position. In the second, the movement depended on forelimb position, which determined the final posture of the hindlimb. In this final posure, all joints except the hip joint were fully extended; the hip angle was correlated with forelimb position and varied on repeated wipings. When the stimulus was applied to the skin of the back, the pattern of final postures was the same, but the intermediate postures differed. The organization of the wiping reflex is discussed in light of the hypothesis that movement is evoked according to changes in the equilibrium (postural state) of the system.
300 citations
TL;DR: A non-singular version of the Makeenko-Migdal equation for the Wilson loop average in two-dimensional U(N) gauge theory is derived in this paper, where the exact solution is obtained for an arbitrary (with any self-intersections) closed loop.
152 citations
TL;DR: The oxonium ion (Ph3PAu)3O+BF4- has a pyramidal structure: the oxygen atom is outside the Au3 plane as mentioned in this paper.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors concluded that the high rates of sedimentation and the high general intensity of volcanism are characteristic of the initial parts of tectonic cycles and the major transgressions and the peaks of carbonate accumulation fall in their middle parts.
141 citations
TL;DR: X-ray diffraction on myo~obin crystals revealed structural dynamics and evidence of a large number of confo~ational substates of a molecule was found, which indicates the complexity of membrane-bound proteins involved in the electron transport after light absorption.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the problem of the swelling and collapse of a polymer network in a good solvent and showed that the network can collapse in a discrete first order phase transition (if the network chains are stiff or if it is stretched along one or two axes), or as a continuous non-phase transition (located in a narrow temperature range).
104 citations
TL;DR: Almost all recorded interneuron activity showed periodic modulation of activity and their maximal activity in the scratch cycle usually coincided with the maximal activity of motoneurons of those muscles from which the interneurons receive Ia afferents.
99 citations
TL;DR: Cell-free extracts of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum strains 1C and L have been shown to cleave citrate with the formation of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, and citrate lyase activity was found in autotrophically grown cells as well as in the cells grown on media with acetate or L-glutamate.
Abstract: Cell-free extracts of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum strains 1C and L have been shown to cleave citrate with the formation of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA. This capacity was found in autotrophically grown cells as well as in the cells grown on media with acetate or L-glutamate. Citrate lyase activity in cell-free extracts is only measurable in the presence of citrate, adenosine-5′-triphosphate, coenzyme A and Mg2+ or Mn2+. It is concluded on the basis of the obtained data that C. limicola f. thiosulfatophilum contains adenosine-5′-triphosphate-linked citrate lyase (E.C.4.1.3.8). In contrast to green bacteria in the purple bacteria Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii, Rhodospirillum rubrum and Thiocapsa roseopersicina citrate lyase activity was not found.
81 citations
TL;DR: Results of separate transections of these pathways showed that the VSCT plays the crucial role in modulating interpositus neurons, and cerebellar neurons exhibited no modulation during fictitious scratching.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the activity of neurons located in the rostral part of the fastigial nucleus was recorded during the scratch reflex in thalamic cats immobilized with Flaxedil.
TL;DR: The presence of teichoic acids in a number of streptomycetes led to the conclusion that these biopolymers were widely spread in genus Streptomyces.
Abstract: The presence of teichoic acids in a number of streptomycetes led to the conclusion that these biopolymers were widely spread in genus Streptomyces. The nature of the teichoic acid present in the mycelium was determined by extracting it with 10% trichloroacetic acid, precipitating it with ethanol and identifying the precipitated polymer by partial acid and alkali hydrolysis to alditol, alditol phosphates and glycosylalditol phosphates. Most strains examined in this survey contained glycerol or ribitol teichoic acids; in some cases neither type was detected. Structurally teichoic acids closely resemble those of other genera of gram-positive bacteria and in many cases represent poly(glycerol phosphate) and poly(ribitol phosphate) chains. The proportion of alditol residues bearing sugar substituents varied widely. Three species of genus Streptoverticillium contained glycerol teichoic acids. It is believed that some of the data presented in this paper might be used with some success in taxonomic studies of streptomycetes.
TL;DR: Differential capacity curves were plotted for renewed crosssections of platinum and palladium electrodes under working solutions of perchlorate of lithium, sodium, tetraethylammonium and tetraborate sodium in acetonitrile.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of experimental studies on the microstructure of clay soils, using scanning electron microscopy, were presented, showing a close relationship with mineral composition, origin and degree of lithification.
Abstract: SUMMARY
This paper presents the results of experimental studies on the microstructure of clay soils, using scanning electron microscopy. Approximately 300 samples of clay soils of various ages, origin and degree of lithification have been analysed. Five main types of microstructure have been identified in clay soils of sedimentary origin, i.e. honeycomb, skeletal, matrix, turbulent and laminar. Among clay soils of sedimentary origin and hydrothermal origin three types of microstructure were distinguished; domain, pseudoglobular and globular.
In natural environments, microstructures of mixed features have been found, i.e. honeycomb-matrix, honeycomb-skeletal, turbulent-matrix, etc.
The detailed description presented of the different microstructural types comprising morphology and quantitative calculations, shows a close relationship with mineral composition, origin and degree of lithification.
In addition physical and mechanical properties as well as the resistance and deformation indices of clay soils have been found to be related to microstructural features.
TL;DR: In this article, the average multiplicities of negative pions are found to depend on the number of interacting beam nucleons, and general characteristics of pion multiplicity distributions are analyzed and compared with results from nucleon-nucleon interactions.
Abstract: Scanning results ofp, d, he, and12C interactions on Ta plates and in propane are presented. Inelastic cross sections are determined. They agree with geometrical models. General characteristics of pion multiplicity distributions are analyzed and compared with results from nucleon-nucleon interactions. Average multiplicities of negative pions are found to depend on the number of interacting beam nucleons.
TL;DR: Results are reported showing that some polypeptides coded for by the genome of a type l/type 3 poliovirus recombinant are indistinguishable from the corresponding polypeutides of the type 1 parent, whereas some other recombinant-specific polypePTides appear to be of thetype 3 origin, first direct biochemical evidence for intermolecular recombination between RNA genomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a gliding trichome must empty its contents several times per second in order to account for the observed speed (l-10 pm/s).
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of TGS crystals grown above (type A) and below (type B) Tc were investigated and the critical anomalies of specific heat and sound velocity of type A crystals are closely follow Landau theory and should be considered as perfect.
Abstract: The heat and elastic properties of TGS crystals grown above (type A) and below (type B) Tc were investigated. The critical anomalies of specific heat and sound velocity of type A crystals are closely follow Landau theory and should be considered as “perfect”. The type B crystals and small doses γ-irradiated type A crystals reveal the very similar critical anomalies which main features are the “tail” in paraelectric and small anomalous change of specific heat and sound velocity in ferroelectric phase. The thermal and elastic anomalies for both perfect and inperfect crystals obey Pippard-Janovec relations.
TL;DR: The titration of soluble succinate dehydrogenase by the protein fraction shows that smaller amounts of theprotein fraction are required to block the reduction of ferrycyanide by Hipip center than that required to reveal the maximal catalytic capacity of the enzyme.
TL;DR: In this article, explicit formulae were derived relating the energies and the ionisation potentials of an arbitrary neutral two-particle system in a magnetic field B to the energy and ionization potential of a hydrogen atom of infinite nuclear mass.
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarized IR and Raman spectra of single crystals of KDy(MoO4)2 are presented and discussed in relation to molecular and crystal structures, and the spectra indicate additional intermolecular interactions due to pair coupling of the molybdate tetrahedra.
TL;DR: In this article, a decrotonation of tricarbonyl (III) with excess t-BuOK and CH 3 I in THF at −30°C leads to the derivative (XI) which is fully methylated at C(9).
TL;DR: Intracellular recording of motoneurons of different hindlimb muscles: tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius and soleus (GS), vastus crureus (Vast), posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBSt), was carried out during the fictitious scratch reflex in decerebrate cats.
TL;DR: In this article, low-temperature solid-phase reactions of atomic magnesium in the basic state with a number of aliphatic monochlorine derivatives, such as chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichloroethane, have been investigated.
TL;DR: The quantum yield of cell inactivation was recently shown to increase with increasing intensity of the irradiation, and the close similarity of products formed in the aforementioned conditions and upon y-irradiation of dilute aqueous thymine solutions indicates a similar character of at least some DNA lesions in both these cases.
TL;DR: The high-resolution cw CARS technique has revealed solvent-induced alterations in linewidth and position of the 2326.5-cm(-1) Raman line of liquid, nitrogen, which becomes strongly broadened when Kr or CH(4) is added and is almost unaltered in solutions with CO and O(2).
Abstract: The high-resolution cw CARS technique has revealed solvent-induced alterations in linewidth and position of the 2326.5-cm−1 Raman line of liquid, nitrogen, which becomes strongly broadened when Kr or CH4 is added and is almost unaltered in solutions with CO and O2. The interpretation is given in terms of motional narrowing and vibrational dephasing theory.
TL;DR: The case of spontaneous radiation of channeled ultrarelativistic particles is considered when the dipolarity condition is not satisfied as mentioned in this paper, and the change of the particle longitudinal velocity affecting the maximum radiation frequency is included.
Abstract: The case of spontaneous radiation of channeled ultrarelativistic particles is considered when the dipolarity condition is not satisfied. The change of the particle longitudinal velocity affecting the maximum radiation frequency is included. The angular and frequency characteristics of the radiation for superhigh energies are studied for the first time. It is shown that there is an optimum energy at which the radiation density is maximum. The influence of the angle at which electrons enter a crystal and of the beam divergence on the radiation is investigated. The problem of quasi-channeled particle radiation and also the radiation in axis-plane transitions are considered.
[Russian Text Ignored]
TL;DR: The irreversible thermoinactivation of enzymes under investigation should be ascribed only to changes in their secondary and teritary structures; the primary structure is not likely to be affected.