scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "Moscow State University published in 2014"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism of mitochondrial RIRR highlights the central role of mitochondria-formed ROS, and all of the known ROS-producing sites and their relevance to the mitochondrial ROS production in vivo are discussed.
Abstract: Byproducts of normal mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis include the buildup of potentially damaging levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, etc., which must be normalized. Evidence suggests that brief mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) openings play an important physiological role maintaining healthy mitochondria homeostasis. Adaptive and maladaptive responses to redox stress may involve mitochondrial channels such as mPTP and inner membrane anion channel (IMAC). Their activation causes intra- and intermitochondrial redox-environment changes leading to ROS release. This regenerative cycle of mitochondrial ROS formation and release was named ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR). Brief, reversible mPTP opening-associated ROS release apparently constitutes an adaptive housekeeping function by the timely release from mitochondria of accumulated potentially toxic levels of ROS (and Ca2+). At higher ROS levels, longer mPTP openings may release a ROS burst leading to destruction of mitochondria, and if propagated from mitochondrion to mitochondrion, of the cell itself. The destructive function of RIRR may serve a physiological role by removal of unwanted cells or damaged mitochondria, or cause the pathological elimination of vital and essential mitochondria and cells. The adaptive release of sufficient ROS into the vicinity of mitochondria may also activate local pools of redox-sensitive enzymes involved in protective signaling pathways that limit ischemic damage to mitochondria and cells in that area. Maladaptive mPTP- or IMAC-related RIRR may also be playing a role in aging. Because the mechanism of mitochondrial RIRR highlights the central role of mitochondria-formed ROS, we discuss all of the known ROS-producing sites (shown in vitro) and their relevance to the mitochondrial ROS production in vivo.

2,893 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, temporal dissipative solitons are observed in a nonlinear, high-finesse, optical microresonator driven by a continuous-wave laser, enabling ultrashort pulses to be generated in spectral regimes lacking broadband laser gain media and saturable absorbers.
Abstract: Temporal dissipative solitons are observed in a nonlinear, high-finesse, optical microresonator driven by a continuous-wave laser. This approach enables ultrashort pulses to be generated in spectral regimes lacking broadband laser gain media and saturable absorbers, making it potentially useful for applications in broadband spectroscopy, telecommunications, astronomy and low-phase-noise microwave generation.

1,602 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for QSAR development, validation, and application, which are summarized in best practices for building rigorously validated and externally predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship models.
Abstract: Quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling is one of the major computational tools employed in medicinal chemistry. However, throughout its entire history it has drawn both praise and criticism concerning its reliability, limitations, successes, and failures. In this paper, we discuss (i) the development and evolution of QSAR; (ii) the current trends, unsolved problems, and pressing challenges; and (iii) several novel and emerging applications of QSAR modeling. Throughout this discussion, we provide guidelines for QSAR development, validation, and application, which are summarized in best practices for building rigorously validated and externally predictive QSAR models. We hope that this Perspective will help communications between computational and experimental chemists toward collaborative development and use of QSAR models. We also believe that the guidelines presented here will help journal editors and reviewers apply more stringent scientific standards to manuscripts reporting new QSAR stu...

1,314 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides a detailed analysis of the various factors affecting the morphology, size, and yield of metal nanoparticles.
Abstract: While metal nanoparticles are being increasingly used in many sectors of the economy, there is growing interest in the biological and environmental safety of their production. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and potentially harmful to the environment. The present review is devoted to the possibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts. This approach has been actively pursued in recent years as an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method for producing nanoparticles with specified properties. This review provides a detailed analysis of the various factors affecting the morphology, size, and yield of metal nanoparticles. The main focus is on the role of the natural plant biomolecules involved in the bioreduction of metal salts during the nanoparticle synthesis. Examples of effective use of exogenous biomatrices (peptides, proteins, and viral particles) to obtain nanoparticles in plant extracts are discussed.

1,152 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Roel Aaij, Bernardo Adeva1, Marco Adinolfi2, A. Affolder3  +698 moreInstitutions (50)
TL;DR: The value of the ratio of branching fractions for the dilepton invariant mass squared range 1 < q(2) < 6 GeV(2)/c(4) is measured to be 0.745(-0.074)(+0.090)(stat) ± 0.036(syst).
Abstract: A measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions of the B+→K+μ+μ− and B+→K+e+e− decays is presented using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The value of the ratio of branching fractions for the dilepton invariant mass squared range 1

1,017 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This new version of micrOMEGAs is a major update which includes a generalization of the Boltzmann equations to accommodate models with asymmetric dark matter or with semi-annihilation and a first approach to a generalizations of the thermodynamics of the Universe in the relic density computation.

922 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider as mentioned in this paper continuously took data during the first physics campaign of the machine from fall 2009 until early 2013, using proton and lead-ion beams.
Abstract: ALICE is the heavy-ion experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The experiment continuously took data during the first physics campaign of the machine from fall 2009 until early 2013, using proton and lead-ion beams. In this paper we describe the running environment and the data handling procedures, and discuss the performance of the ALICE detectors and analysis methods for various physics observables.

691 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
S. Chatrchyan, Khachatryan1, Albert M. Sirunyan, Armen Tumasyan  +2384 moreInstitutions (207)
26 May 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a description of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC luminous region and individual primary-interaction vertices is provided.
Abstract: A description is provided of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC luminous region and individual primary-interaction vertices. Despite the very hostile environment at the LHC, the performance obtained with these algorithms is found to be excellent. For tt events under typical 2011 pileup conditions, the average track-reconstruction efficiency for promptly-produced charged particles with transverse momenta of p_T > 0.9GeV is 94% for pseudorapidities of |η| < 0.9 and 85% for 0.9 < |η| < 2.5. The inefficiency is caused mainly by hadrons that undergo nuclear interactions in the tracker material. For isolated muons, the corresponding efficiencies are essentially 100%. For isolated muons of p_T = 100GeV emitted at |η| < 1.4, the resolutions are approximately 2.8% in p_T, and respectively, 10μm and 30μm in the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters. The position resolution achieved for reconstructed primary vertices that correspond to interesting pp collisions is 10–12μm in each of the three spatial dimensions. The tracking and vertexing software is fast and flexible, and easily adaptable to other functions, such as fast tracking for the trigger, or dedicated tracking for electrons that takes into account bremsstrahlung.

559 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Enhanced third-harmonic generation from silicon nanodisks exhibiting both electric and magnetic dipolar resonances is observed and the field localization at the magnetic resonance results in two orders of magnitude enhancement of the harmonic intensity with respect to unstructured bulk silicon.
Abstract: We observe enhanced third-harmonic generation from silicon nanodisks exhibiting both electric and magnetic dipolar resonances. Experimental characterization of the nonlinear optical response through third-harmonic microscopy and spectroscopy reveals that the third-harmonic generation is significantly enhanced in the vicinity of the magnetic dipole resonances. The field localization at the magnetic resonance results in two orders of magnitude enhancement of the harmonic intensity with respect to unstructured bulk silicon with the conversion efficiency limited only by the two-photon absorption in the substrate.

556 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200) was assessed.
Abstract: In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Treating-to-target-in-SLE (T2T/SLE) recommendations were developed by a large task force of multispecialty experts and a patient representative and it is anticipated that ‘treating- to-target’ can and will be applicable to the care of patients with SLE.
Abstract: The principle of treating-to-target has been successfully applied to many diseases outside rheumatology and more recently to rheumatoid arthritis. Identifying appropriate therapeutic targets and pursuing these systematically has led to improved care for patients with these diseases and useful guidance for healthcare providers and administrators. Thus, an initiative to evaluate possible therapeutic targets and develop treat-to-target guidance was believed to be highly appropriate in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients as well. Specialists in rheumatology, nephrology, dermatology, internal medicine and clinical immunology, and a patient representative, contributed to this initiative. The majority convened on three occasions in 2012-2013. Twelve topics of critical importance were identified and a systematic literature review was performed. The results were condensed and reformulated as recommendations, discussed, modified and voted upon. The finalised bullet points were analysed for degree of agreement among the task force. The Oxford Centre level of evidence (LoE, corresponding to the research questions) and grade of recommendation (GoR) were determined for each recommendation. The 12 systematic literature searches and their summaries led to 11 recommendations. Prominent features of these recommendations are targeting remission, preventing damage and improving quality of life. LoE and GoR of the recommendations were variable but agreement was >0.9 in each case. An extensive research agenda was identified, and four overarching principles were also agreed upon. Treat-to-target-in-SLE (T2T/SLE) recommendations were developed by a large task force of multispecialty experts and a patient representative. It is anticipated that 'treating-to-target' can and will be applicable to the care of patients with SLE.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the results of a project with the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union) with the objective of supporting the development of a research network in the field of nuclear energy.
Abstract: Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Recurrent Financing Contract No. SF0690030s09 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS and Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the World Class University program of NRF, Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the National Science Council, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. National Science Foundation.Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by EU, Regional Development Fund; and the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of coherence in determining the efficiency of charge separation in the plant photosystem II reaction centre is elucidated by comprehensively combining experiment (two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy) and theory (Redfield theory) and it is proposed that this coherent mechanism will inspire the development of new energy technologies.
Abstract: The crucial step in the conversion of solar to chemical energy in photosynthesis takes place in the reaction centre, where the absorbed excitation energy is converted into a stable charge-separated state by ultrafast electron transfer events. However, the fundamental mechanism responsible for the near-unity quantum efficiency of this process is unknown. Here we elucidate the role of coherence in determining the efficiency of charge separation in the plant photosystem II reaction centre by comprehensively combining experiment (two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy) and theory (Redfield theory). We reveal the presence of electronic coherence between excitons as well as between exciton and charge-transfer states that we argue to be maintained by vibrational modes. Furthermore, we present evidence for the strong correlation between the degree of electronic coherence and efficient and ultrafast charge separation. We propose that this coherent mechanism will inspire the development of new energy technologies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study reveals that the SARS-coronavirus RNA polymerase (nsp12) needs to associate with nsp7 and nsp8 to activate its capability to replicate long RNA and defines the core of an RNA-synthesizing machinery that is unique in the RNA virus world and includes several key targets for antiviral drug development.
Abstract: In addition to members causing milder human infections, the Coronaviridae family includes potentially lethal zoonotic agents causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the recently emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome. The ∼30-kb positive-stranded RNA genome of coronaviruses encodes a replication/transcription machinery that is unusually complex and composed of 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps). SARS-CoV nsp12, the canonical RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), exhibits poorly processive RNA synthesis in vitro, at odds with the efficient replication of a very large RNA genome in vivo. Here, we report that SARS-CoV nsp7 and nsp8 activate and confer processivity to the RNA-synthesizing activity of nsp12. Using biochemical assays and reverse genetics, the importance of conserved nsp7 and nsp8 residues was probed. Whereas several nsp7 mutations affected virus replication to a limited extent, the replacement of two nsp8 residues (P183 and R190) essential for interaction with nsp12 and a third (K58) critical for the interaction of the polymerase complex with RNA were all lethal to the virus. Without a loss of processivity, the nsp7/nsp8/nsp12 complex can associate with nsp14, a bifunctional enzyme bearing 3′-5′ exoribonuclease and RNA cap N7-guanine methyltransferase activities involved in replication fidelity and 5′-RNA capping, respectively. The identification of this tripartite polymerase complex that in turn associates with the nsp14 proofreading enzyme sheds light on how coronaviruses assemble an RNA-synthesizing machinery to replicate the largest known RNA genomes. This protein complex is a fascinating example of the functional integration of RNA polymerase, capping, and proofreading activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the diphoton decay mode of the recently discovered Higgs boson and measurement of some of its properties are reported using the entire dataset collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2011 and 2012 LHC running periods.
Abstract: Observation of the diphoton decay mode of the recently discovered Higgs boson and measurement of some of its properties are reported. The analysis uses the entire dataset collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions during the 2011 and 2012 LHC running periods. The data samples correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.1 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV. A clear signal is observed in the diphoton channel at a mass close to 125 GeV with a local significance of 5.7 sigma, where a significance of 5.2 sigma is expected for the standard model Higgs boson. The mass is measured to be 124.70 +/- 0.34 GeV = 124.70 +/- 0.31 (stat) +/- 0.15 (syst) GeV, and the best-fit signal strength relative to the standard model prediction is 1.14 +0.26/-0.23 = 1.14 +/- 0.21 (stat) +0.09/-0.05 (syst) +0.13/-0.09 (theo). Additional measurements include the signal strength modifiers associated with different production mechanisms, and hypothesis tests between spin-0 and spin-2 models.


Journal ArticleDOI
Roel Aaij, Bernardo Adeva1, Marco Adinolfi2, A. A. Affolder3  +710 moreInstitutions (63)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the isospin asymmetries of the B (0) -> K ( 0) mu (+) mu (-), B (1) → K (1)-m (+) m mu (-) and B (2)→ K (2)-m (-) m (-), respectively.
Abstract: The isospin asymmetries of B -> K mu (+) mu (-) and B -> K (*) mu (+) mu (-) decays and the partial branching fractions of the B (0) -> K (0) mu (+) mu (-), B (+) -> K (+) mu (+) mu (-) and B (+) -> K (*+) mu (+) mu (-) decays are measured as functions of the dimuon mass squared, q (2). The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The isospin asymmetries are both consistent with the Standard Model expectations. The three measured branching fractions favour lower values than their respective theoretical predictions, however they are all individually consistent with the Standard Model.

Journal ArticleDOI
Roel Aaij, Bernardo Adeva1, Marco Adinolfi2, A. A. Affolder3  +695 moreInstitutions (49)
TL;DR: The observed evolution of the Z(4430)^{-} amplitude with the ψ^{ fb^{-1} mass establishes the resonant nature of this particle.
Abstract: Resonant structures in B-0 -> psi'pi K--(+) decays are analyzed by performing a four-dimensional fit of the decay amplitude, using pp collision data corresponding to 3 fb(-1) collected with the LHCb detector. The data cannot be described with K+pi(-) resonances alone, which is confirmed with a model-independent approach. A highly significant Z(4430)(-) -> psi'pi(-) component is required, thus confirming the existence of this state. The observed evolution of the Z(4430)(-) amplitude with the psi'pi(-) mass establishes the resonant nature of this particle. The mass and width measurements are substantially improved. The spin parity is determined unambiguously to be 1(+).

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, S. Abdel Khalek4  +2871 moreInstitutions (167)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the electron and photon energy calibration achieved with the ATLAS detector using about 25 fb(-1) of LHC proton-proton collision data taken at center-of-mass energies of root s = 7 and 8 TeV.
Abstract: This paper presents the electron and photon energy calibration achieved with the ATLAS detector using about 25 fb(-1) of LHC proton-proton collision data taken at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 7 and 8 TeV. The reconstruction of electron and photon energies is optimised using multivariate algorithms. The response of the calorimeter layers is equalised in data and simulation, and the longitudinal profile of the electromagnetic showers is exploited to estimate the passive material in front of the calorimeter and reoptimise the detector simulation. After all corrections, the Z resonance is used to set the absolute energy scale. For electrons from Z decays, the achieved calibration is typically accurate to 0.05% in most of the detector acceptance, rising to 0.2% in regions with large amounts of passive material. The remaining inaccuracy is less than 0.2-1% for electrons with a transverse energy of 10 GeV, and is on average 0.3% for photons. The detector resolution is determined with a relative inaccuracy of less than 10% for electrons and photons up to 60 GeV transverse energy, rising to 40% for transverse energies above 500 GeV.

Journal ArticleDOI
Vardan Khachatryan1, Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1, Wolfgang Adam  +2121 moreInstitutions (139)
TL;DR: In this paper, searches for the direct electroweak production of supersymmetric charginos, neutralinos, and sleptons in a variety of signatures with leptons and W, Z, and Higgs bosons are presented.
Abstract: Searches for the direct electroweak production of supersymmetric charginos, neutralinos, and sleptons in a variety of signatures with leptons and W, Z, and Higgs bosons are presented. Results are based on a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the CMS detector in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. The observed event rates are in agreement with expectations from the standard model. These results probe charginos and neutralinos with masses up to 720 GeV, and sleptons up to 260 GeV, depending on the model details.

Journal ArticleDOI
S. Chatrchyan1, Vardan Khachatryan1, Albert M. Sirunyan1, Armen Tumasyan1  +2280 moreInstitutions (177)
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012.
Abstract: A search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV. Each tau lepton decays hadronically or leptonically to an electron or a muon, leading to six different final states for the tau-lepton pair, all considered in this analysis. An excess of events is observed over the expected background contributions, with a local significance larger than 3 standard deviations for m[H] values between 115 and 130 GeV. The best fit of the observed H to tau tau signal cross section for m[H] = 125 GeV is 0.78 +- 0.27 times the standard model expectation. These observations constitute evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, S. Abdel Khalek4  +2911 moreInstitutions (209)
TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7TeV at the LHC is described.
Abstract: This paper describes a measurement of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) and Z/gamma* -> mu(+)mu(-) channels, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). Normalized differential cross sections as a function of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum are measured for transverse momenta up to 800 GeV. The measurement is performed inclusively for Z/gamma* rapidities up to 2.4, as well as in three rapidity bins. The channel results are combined, compared to perturbative and resummed QCD calculations and used to constrain the parton shower parameters of Monte Carlo generators.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work quantified the strength of the relationships between temperature and precipitation and 21 plant traits from 447,961 species-site combinations worldwide and used meta-analysis to provide an overall answer to the question.
Abstract: Question: Are plant traits more closely correlated with mean annual temperature, or with mean annual precipitation? Location: Global. Methods: We quantified the strength of the relationships between temperature and precipitation and 21 plant traits from 447,961 species-site combinations worldwide. We used meta-analysis to provide an overall answer to our question.

Journal ArticleDOI
Georges Aad1, Brad Abbott2, Jalal Abdallah3, S. Abdel Khalek4  +2916 moreInstitutions (211)
TL;DR: In this article, a search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented.
Abstract: A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate (single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 30, A 0 = −2m 0 and μ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for new physics in multijet events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC.
Abstract: A search for new physics is performed in multijet events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample is divided into three jet multiplicity categories (3-5, 6-7, and 8 or more jets), and studied further in bins of two variables: the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta and the missing transverse momentum. The observed numbers of events in various categories are consistent with backgrounds expected from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are presented for several simplified supersymmetric models of squark or gluino pair production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to bb¯ when produced in association with a weak vector boson (V) is reported for the following channels: W(μν)H, W(eν), W(τν), H, Z(μμ), Z(ee, H, and Z(νν), where the search is performed in data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 inverse femtobarns at s√=7
Abstract: A search for the standard model Higgs boson (H) decaying to bb¯ when produced in association with a weak vector boson (V) is reported for the following channels: W(μν)H, W(eν)H, W(τν)H, Z(μμ)H, Z(ee)H, and Z(νν)H. The search is performed in data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 inverse femtobarns at s√=7 TeV and up to 18.9 fb−1 at s√=8 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. An excess of events is observed above the expected background with a local significance of 2.1 standard deviations for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, consistent with the expectation from the production of the standard model Higgs boson. The signal strength corresponding to this excess, relative to that of the standard model Higgs boson, is 1.0±0.5.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on the loss and pitch angle scattering of relativistic and ultrarelativistic electrons during the recovery phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm on 11 October 2012 was studied.
Abstract: We study the effect of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves on the loss and pitch angle scattering of relativistic and ultrarelativistic electrons during the recovery phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm on 11 October 2012 The EMIC wave activity was observed in situ on the Van Allen Probes and conjugately on the ground across the Canadian Array for Real-time Investigations of Magnetic Activity throughout an extended 18 h interval However, neither enhanced precipitation of >07 MeV electrons nor reductions in Van Allen Probe 90° pitch angle ultrarelativistic electron flux were observed Computed radiation belt electron pitch angle diffusion rates demonstrate that rapid pitch angle diffusion is confined to low pitch angles and cannot reach 90° For the first time, from both observational and modeling perspectives, we show evidence of EMIC waves triggering ultrarelativistic (~2–8 MeV) electron loss but which is confined to pitch angles below around 45° and not affecting the core distribution

Journal ArticleDOI
G. Bellini1, Jay Burton Benziger, D. Bick2, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo3, M. Buizza Avanzini4, B. Caccianiga1, Laura Cadonati4, Frank Calaprice, C. Carraro5, P. Cavalcante, A. E. Chavarria5, A. S. Chepurnov6, V. Chubakov7, D. D'Angelo1, S. Davini1, A. V. Derbin7, A.V. Etenko8, A.V. Etenko9, K. Fomenko10, D. Franco11, Cristiano Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano12, Marco Giammarchi1, M. Göger-Neff13, A. M. Goretti5, L. Grandi2, E. Guardincerri14, S. Hardy, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni5, V. V. Kobychev1, Denis Korablev10, G. Korga14, Yusuke Koshio, D. Kryn11, Matthias Laubenstein, T. Lewke13, Marcello Lissia, E. Litvinovich9, E. Litvinovich8, B. Loer1, F. Lombardi, Paolo Lombardi1, Livia Ludhova1, I. N. Machulin8, I. N. Machulin9, S. Manecki3, W. Maneschg15, G. Manuzio1, Q. Meindl13, E. Meroni1, Lino Miramonti1, M. Misiaszek16, D. Montanari5, P. J. Mosteiro5, F. Mantovani13, V. N. Muratova7, S. Nisi17, Lothar Oberauer13, M. Obolensky11, Fausto Ortica17, K. Otis4, Marco Pallavicini12, L. Papp13, L. Papp3, L. Perasso12, S. Perasso1, A. Pocar4, Gioacchino Ranucci1, A. Razeto, Alessandra Re1, Aldo Romani17, N. Rossi, A. A. Sabelnikov9, A. A. Sabelnikov8, R. Saldanha5, C. Salvo12, S. Schönert13, Hardy Simgen15, M. D. Skorokhvatov8, M. D. Skorokhvatov9, O. Smirnov10, A. Sotnikov10, S. V. Sukhotin9, Y. Suvorov18, Y. Suvorov9, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera12, R. B. Vogelaar3, F. von Feilitzsch13, J. Winter19, Marcin Wójcik16, A. Wright5, Michael Wurm19, G. Xhixha16, Jingke Xu, O. Zaimidoroga10, Sandra Zavatarelli12, G. Zuzel16 
27 Aug 2014-Nature
TL;DR: Spectral observations of pp neutrinos are reported, demonstrating that about 99 per cent of the power of the Sun, 3.84 × 1033 ergs per second, is generated by the proton–proton fusion process.
Abstract: Spectral observations of the low-energy neutrinos produced by proton–proton fusion in the Sun demonstrate that about 99 per cent of the Sun’s power is generated by this process.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W-boson pair at the LHC is reported, and an excess of events above background is observed.
Abstract: A search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W-boson pair at the LHC is reported. The event sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1 and 19.4 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector in pp collisions at s√ = 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The Higgs boson candidates are selected in events with two or three charged leptons. An excess of events above background is observed, consistent with the expectation from the standard model Higgs boson with a mass of around 125 GeV. The probability to observe an excess equal or larger than the one seen, under the background-only hypothesis, corresponds to a significance of 4.3 standard deviations for m H = 125.6 GeV. The observed signal cross section times the branching fraction to WW for m H = 125.6 GeV is 0.72+0.20−0.18 times the standard model expectation. The spin-parity J P = 0+ hypothesis is favored against a narrow resonance with J P = 2+ or J P = 0− that decays to a W-boson pair. This result provides strong evidence for a Higgs-like boson decaying to a W-boson pair.