Showing papers by "Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad published in 2016"
TL;DR: In this article, a review on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibers-reinforced polymer composite is presented, which shows that mechanical properties increase due to incorporation of comparably high elongation fibers.
Abstract: A review on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibers-reinforced polymer composite is presented in this article. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite has a lot of advantages such as high strength, low density, and ease of processing. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite has been used in many areas such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. Incorporation of two or more fibers into a single polymer matrix leads the development of hybrid composite. Hybridization can improve the mechanical properties of single fiber-reinforced polymer composite. This study shows that mechanical properties of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite increase due to incorporation of comparably high elongation fibers.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have discussed the role of metal transporters in transporting the essential metal ions from soil to plants and the role played by Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn at both low and high level on the plant growth and development.
Abstract: Heavy metals (HMs) exists in the environment in both forms as essential and non-essential. These HM ions enter in soil biota from various sources like natural and anthropogenic. Essential HMs such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) plays a beneficial role in plant growth and development. At optimum level these beneficial elements improves the plant’s nutritional level and also several mechanisms essential for the normal growth and better yield of plants. The range of their optimality for land plants is varied. Plant uptake heavy metals as a soluble component or solubilized them by root exudates. While their presence in excess become toxic for plants that switches the plant’s ability to uptake and accumulate other nonessential elements. The increased amount of HMs within the plant tissue displays direct and indirect toxic impacts. Such direct effects are the generation of oxidative stress which further aggravates inhibition of cytoplasmic enzymes and damage to cell structures. Although, indirect possession is the substitution of essential nutrients at plant’s cation exchange sites. These ions readily influence role of various enzymes and proteins, arrest metabolism, and reveal phytotoxicity. On account of recent advancements on beneficial HMs ions Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn in soil-plant system, the present paper: overview the sources of HMs in soils and their uptake and transportation mechanism, here we have discussed the role of metal transporters in transporting the essential metal ions from soil to plants. The role played by Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn at both low and high level on the plant growth and development and the mechanism to alleviate metal toxicity at high level have been also discussed. At the end, on concluding the article we have also discussed the future perspective in respect to beneficial HM ions interaction with plant at both levels.
181 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive review of M2M communication technology in terms of its system model architecture proposed by different standards developing organizations, mainly includes 3GPP, ETSI, and oneM2M.
164 citations
TL;DR: For example, heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms. However, in excessive amounts these heavy meta...
148 citations
TL;DR: A detailed classification and comprehensive survey of existing spectrum handoff schemes for cognitive radio networks is presented and various research issues and challenges are presented which require the attention of the researchers.
142 citations
TL;DR: The rGO-CeO2 nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity compared to CeO2 NPs by degrading 90% of the MB dye in 10 min irradiation under sunlight.
Abstract: CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with average particle size of ∼17 nm were grown on graphene sheets by simply mixing cerium chloride as the Ce precursor with graphene oxide (GO) in distilled water and the simultaneous reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by a one-step hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C. A unique blue to green tuneable luminescence was observed as a function of the excitation wavelength. With this method, significant applications of rGO-CeO2 nanocomposites in many optical devices could be realized. The photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized CeO2 and rGO-CeO2 nanocomposite was investigated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under direct sunlight irradiation. The rGO-CeO2 nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity compared to CeO2 NPs by degrading 90% of the MB dye in 10 min irradiation under sunlight. This property of rGO-CeO2 nanocomposites was ascribed to the significant suppression of the recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs due to charge transfer between rGO sheets and CeO2 NPs and the smaller optical band-gap in the rGO-CeO2 nanocomposite.
89 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: FogGIS as mentioned in this paper is a framework based on fog computing for mining analytics from geospatial data, it has been built a prototype using Intel Edison, an embedded microprocessor and has validated by doing preliminary analysis including compression and overlay analysis.
Abstract: Cloud Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has emerged as a tool for analysis, processing and transmission of geospatial data. The Fog computing is a paradigm where Fog devices help to increase throughput and reduce latency at the edge of the client. This paper developed a Fog Computing based framework named FogGIS for mining analytics from geospatial data. It has been built a prototype using Intel Edison, an embedded microprocessor. FogGIS has validated by doing preliminary analysis including compression and overlay analysis. Results showed that Fog Computing hold a great promise for analysis of geospatial data. Several open source compression techniques have been used for reducing the transmission to the cloud.
89 citations
TL;DR: The main design issues based on the model of wireless sensor networks: structure-free and structured for data collection and aggregation where role of clustering and routing is discussed for energy conservation and enhancing network lifetime are reviewed.
Abstract: In past decade, wireless sensor networks have gained attention by researchers, manufacturers as well as the users for remotely monitoring tasks and effective data gathering in diverse environment. The wireless sensor nodes are tiny battery powered devices having limited lifetime, hence for longevity and reliability, the foremost concern is minimizing energy consumption and maximizing network lifetime while designing protocols and applications. In this paper, we review the main design issues based on the model of wireless sensor networks: structure-free and structured for data collection and aggregation where role of clustering and routing is discussed for energy conservation and enhancing network lifetime. These design strategies are the foundation of any networking protocol from the energy saving point of view. A comprehensive tabular overview of different approaches under structure-free and structured wireless sensor networks for data collection and aggregation, clustering and routing is presented with key issues.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical characterization of the cellulose extracted from the forestry residue of ficus leaves using chemical method was carried out, and the results indicated that on chemical treatments the lignin and hemicellulose were removed extensively from the ficus leaf fibers.
Abstract: In this work, we carried the physicochemical characterization of the cellulose extracted from the forestry residue of ficus leaves using chemical method. Detailed chemical composition of the ficus leaf fibers (both untreated and pretreated) and extracted cellulose was carried out. The chemical analysis confirmed the sequential removal of the lignin and hemicellulose components from the ficus leaves fibers. The morphology of the ficus leaf fibers and extracted cellulose was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis was carried out by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The studies indicated that on chemical treatments the lignin and hemicellulose were removed extensively from the ficus leaf fibers. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that extracted cellulose was more crystalline than the ficus leaf fibers. The thermal stability of ficus leaf fibers and extracted cellulose was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and the extracted cellulose h...
88 citations
TL;DR: Simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme of networked control is superior with respect to other design methods available in the literature, and thus robust to communication imperfections.
Abstract: In this paper, the quality of service of communication infrastructure implemented in multiarea power system for load frequency control application is assessed in smart grid environment. In this study, network induced effects time delay, packet loss, bandwidth, quantization, and change in communication topology (CT) has been addressed to examine the system performance in closed loop. Uncertainty in time delay is approximated using deterministic and stochastic models. The network is modeled considering different network configurations, i.e., change in CT. The modeled communication network guarantees control relevant properties, i.e., stability. The decentralized controller and linear matrix inequality-based linear quadratic regulator is implemented to reduce the dynamic performance (mean square error of states variables) of power system as CT changes. Simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme of networked control is superior with respect to other design methods available in the literature, and thus robust to communication imperfections.
87 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple off-the-shelf chemical 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (1) based copper complex (1·Cu2+) has been used for the selective detection of toxic cyanide in aqueous medium.
Abstract: The simple off-the-shelf chemical 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (1) based copper complex (1·Cu2+) has been used for the selective detection of toxic cyanide in aqueous medium. The DFT calculation confirms the binding behavior between 1 and Cu2+ (2:1) and the red shift in the UV–vis spectrum with copper ion was confirmed by the decrease in energy between HOMO–LUMO band gaps. The cyanide sensing in water was confirmed by both absorption and emission spectral studies. Cyanide ion showed 13-fold increments in fluorescent intensity in emission spectrum via displacement of copper from 1·Cu2+. The limit of detection of CN– in water is 5.77 μM; 1·Cu2+ also applicable for the detection of cyanide in fresh mouse serum with detection limit of 14.4 μM. The cell images showed that 1·Cu2+ could be used to detect intracellular CN–.
TL;DR: It was found that BS could remove 73% Cd from vegetable which confirms its application in food industry and anti-adhesive property of BS was determined and found effective against biofilm formation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of shape on optical and magnetic properties of CdS nanostructures was studied by monitoring the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under the UV irradiation of wavelength 365nm.
TL;DR: The synthesized samples showed enhanced ferromagnetism (FM) at room temperature, which may be attributed to the short range magnetic interaction of magnetic moments of CdO NPs and spin units present on the rGO sheets.
Abstract: Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO-CdO nanocomposites have been synthesized using one step hydrothermal method. The structural and optical properties of CdO NPs, rGO, and rGO-CdO nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis.) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. The rGO has a sharp 2D peak compared to GO. The sharp nature of 2D band may be due to the larger contribution from single layer sheet. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples has been investigated under UV irradiation. The results of photocatalytic measurements revealed that ~80% of MB dye is degraded by adding the rGO-CdO nanocomposites as photocatalysts into the dye solution. The decrease in the intensity of emission peaks indicates that the photogenerated charge carriers have been transferred from CdO NPs to rGO sheets, which causes to increase the density of O2(-) and OH radicals in the dye solution. The CdO nanoparticles gown on the rGO sheets showed enhanced ferromagnetism (FM) at room temperature, which may be attributed to the short range magnetic interaction of magnetic moments of CdO NPs and spin units present on the rGO sheets.
TL;DR: A comprehensive review on security aspects of SDN is presented, considering how researchers are utilizing its features for providing security as well as their concerns about its security, and a critical comparison of existing countermeasures against SDN security including distributed denial of service (DDoS) is presented.
Abstract: Software-Defined Networks (SDNs) are emerging as one of the most promising new era network technologies with its centralized and easily programmable nature. Many security issues with legacy networks could easily be resolved using SDNs central management and control; at the same time, security vulnerabilities of this technology are still the biggest concern of researchers and industries for adapting this technology. In this paper, a comprehensive review on security aspects of SDN is presented, considering how researchers are utilizing its features for providing security as well as their concerns about its security. Further, a critical comparison of existing countermeasures against SDN security including distributed denial of service (DDoS) is presented. This analysis includes the research works that have been done since the origin of OpenFlow protocol till 2015, including the contributions made by industries as well as universities towards securing the SDN framework. We have also compared our survey with existing surveys. The motivation behind this survey is to identify security concerns of SDN and ongoing research in this field. We have focused on DDoS in SDN mainly, which has not been much targeted by research surveys. By highlighting the current state of the art in this domain, we could facilitate researchers with a broad overview of advancement of research in SDN security and DDoS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: This paper has attempted to enumerate test automation's impacts on software's cost, time and quality on three different softwares and shows the positive effects of test automation on cost, quality and time to market of the software.
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimum range of prism refractive index and better surface plasmons active metals for biosensing application are obtained on the basis of performance of the proposed SPR sensor, which utilizes the properties of graphene and MoS2 such as; mechanically strong, atomically thin and chemically inert coating for the protection against oxidation of SPs active metal.
Abstract: In the present study, the optimum range of prism refractive index and better surface plasmons active metals for biosensing application are obtained on the basis of performance of the proposed SPR sensor. Proposed sensor utilizes the properties of graphene and MoS2 such as; mechanically strong, atomically thin and chemically inert coating for the protection against oxidation of SPs active metal. It is observed that the prism having moderate refractive index should be preferred and sensor having silver (Ag) has minimum full width at half maximum whereas copper (Cu) has maximum shift in resonance angle. Hence, Ag can be used for high quality and resolution whereas Cu for good sensitivity, which are protected from oxidation with the help of two dimensional MoS2 or graphene, or graphene over MoS2.
TL;DR: In this article, structural, electrical and ultraviolet photodetection parameters of RF sputtered-ZnO/Si heterojunction diodes are analyzed, and the photo-responsivity of the proposed devices is calculated as 0.34 A/W for seed layer-mediated devices and 0.26 A /W for devices without seed layer.
TL;DR: The liposome components, methods of preparation, drug encapsulation mechanism and the potential therapeutic applications of liposomes in cancer therapy are discussed.
Abstract: Liposomes, the vesicles of phospholipid bilayer, can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and protect them from degradation. Liposomes have been extensively studied and continue to create intense interest in research since their discovery in the mid-1960s. Since then, liposomes have been considered to be the most successful nanocarriers for drug deliver and have made their way to the market. Currently, a number of liposomal formulations are on the marker for cancer treatment and many more are in pipe line. This review discusses about the liposome components, methods of preparation, drug encapsulation mechanism and the potential therapeutic applications of liposomes in cancer therapy.
TL;DR: Electrochemical biosensor holds great promise in the biomedical area due to its enhanced specificity, sensitivity, label-free nature and cost effectiveness for rapid point-of-care detection of diseases at bedside.
Abstract: Electrochemical biosensor holds great promise in the biomedical area due to its enhanced specificity, sensitivity, label-free nature and cost effectiveness for rapid point-of-care detection of diseases at bedside. In this review, we are focusing on the working principle of electrochemical biosensor and how it can be employed in detecting biomarkers of fatal diseases like cancer, AIDS, hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases. Recent advances in the development of implantable biosensors and exploration of nanomaterials in fabrication of electrodes with increasing the sensitivity of biosensor for quick and easy detection of biomolecules have been elucidated in detail. Electrochemical-based detection of heavy metal ions which cause harmful effect on human health has been discussed. Key challenges associated with the electrochemical sensor and its future perspectives are also addressed.
TL;DR: Gold nanorods (GNRs) are found to be robust enzyme mimetics displaying stability over a wide range of pH and temperature and an inverse relationship between GNRs catalytic activity and malathion concentration is shown.
Abstract: Nanozymes have drawn lot of attention as they overcome the limitations of natural enzymes and present a more robust alternative. Herein, the potential of Gold nanorods (GNRs) as nanozyme or enzyme mimetics is investigated. The detailed catalytic parameters of GNRs are studied and compared with other gold nanostructures (+ve and −ve nanoparticles) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Gold nanorods of 2.8 aspect ratio were synthesized and demonstrated to have 2.5 times higher peroxidase activity than HRP and +ve gold nanoparticles. GNRs are found to be robust enzyme mimetics displaying stability over a wide range of pH and temperature. Proof of concept is demonstrated for developing a simple, colorimetric inhibition assay for malathion using GNRs as nanozyme. The assay shows an inverse relationship between GNRs catalytic activity and malathion concentration. The sensitivity of the assay is 1.78 μg/mL and the assay is specific with
TL;DR: In this paper, a sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPM) is presented, which is optimized under the consideration of sensitivity, full width at half maximum, and minimum reflectance.
TL;DR: The proposed multilevel watermarking method correctly extracts the embedded watermarks without error and is robust against the all considered attacks without significant degradation of the medical image quality of the watermarked image.
Abstract: This paper presents a new secure multiple text and image watermarking scheme on cover eye image using fusion of discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) for Teleophthalmology. Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-512) is used for generating hash corresponding to iris part of the cover digital eye image and this unique hash parameter is used for enhancing the security feature of the proposed watermarking technique. Simultaneous embedding of four different watermarks (i.e. Signature, index, caption and reference watermark) in form of image and text using fusion of discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is achieved in this paper. The suggested technique initially divides the digital eye image into Region of interest (ROI) containing iris and Non-Region of interest (NROI) part where the text and image watermarks are embedded into the Non-Region of interest (NROI) part of the DWT cover image. The selection of DWT decomposition level for embedding the text and image watermarks depends on size, different characteristics and robustness requirements of medical watermark. The performance in terms of Normalized Correlation (NC) and bit error rate (BER) of the developed scheme is evaluated and analyzed against known signal processing attacks and `Checkmark' attacks. The method is found to be robust against all the considered attacks. The proposed multilevel watermarking method correctly extracts the embedded watermarks without error and is robust against the all considered attacks without significant degradation of the medical image quality of the watermarked image. Therefore the proposed method may find potential application in secure and compact medical data transmission for teleophthalmology applications.
TL;DR: This work presents the EventBuilder system that deals with semantics understanding and automatically generates a multimedia summary for a given event in real-time by leveraging different social media such as Wikipedia and Flickr, and the EventSensor system that aims to address sentics understanding and produces a multimedia Summary for agiven mood.
Abstract: The rapid growth in the amount of user-generated content (UGCs) online necessitates for social media companies to automatically extract knowledge structures (concepts) from photos and videos to provide diverse multimedia-related services. However, real-world photos and videos are complex and noisy, and extracting semantics and sentics from the multimedia content alone is a very difficult task because suitable concepts may be exhibited in different representations. Hence, it is desirable to analyze UGCs from multiple modalities for a better understanding. To this end, we first present the EventBuilder system that deals with semantics understanding and automatically generates a multimedia summary for a given event in real-time by leveraging different social media such as Wikipedia and Flickr. Subsequently, we present the EventSensor system that aims to address sentics understanding and produces a multimedia summary for a given mood. It extracts concepts and mood tags from visual content and textual metadata of UGCs, and exploits them in supporting several significant multimedia-related services such as a musical multimedia summary. Moreover, EventSensor supports sentics-based event summarization by leveraging EventBuilder as its semantics engine component. Experimental results confirm that both EventBuilder and EventSensor outperform their baselines and efficiently summarize knowledge structures on the YFCC100M dataset.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of acetic acid treatment on the chemical composition, morphological and structural changes, and tensile and thermal properties of Napier grass fiber was studied.
TL;DR: The optimal relay settings are found for different cases, including change in wind speed, change in penetration level,change in cell temperature, and insolation level of photovoltaic.
Abstract: This article presents a hybrid optimization technique particle swarm optimization–gravitational search algorithm for optimal over-current relay coordination. The main contribution of this article is to find the optimized relay settings during variation in environmental factors that affect distributed generation performance. The detailed model of wind and photovoltaic source, modeled in a PSCAD/EMTDC platform is penetrated in a 13-bus distribution system. The optimal relay settings are found for different cases, including change in wind speed, change in penetration level, change in cell temperature, and insolation level of photovoltaic. A comparison of particle swarm optimization–gravitational search algorithm with particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm technique is also done, and it is shown that the particle swarm optimization–gravitational search algorithm is a superior method that can be applied in relay coordination tasks.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the comprehensive pollution index (CPI) to assess the water quality of the River Hindon in 28 sampling sites using the eleven physiochemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total dissolve solids, total phosphate and four heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Cr).
Abstract: The River Hindon, a main tributary of river Yamuna flows in the western part of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. As it passes through the industrial and urban areas, it receives a huge amount of wastages. Therefore, the present study is concerned with the assessment of water quality of the river in 28 sampling sites using the comprehensive pollution index (CPI), considering the eleven physiochemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total dissolve solids, total phosphate and four heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Cr). Besides this, a multivariate statistical analysis is also performed using water quality parameters to validate the results. The CPI was found to be 2.68–7.12 (CPI > 2), which is an indication of severely polluted water of Hindon river. The result reveals that water of the Hindon River is unfit for human use, irrigation and other life supporting activities which are mainly on account of direct discharge of untreated wastewater by industries and municipal sources. Thi...
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of peers on transfer is found to be greater than that of supervisors, and the authors recommend that peers should be involved in publicizing post-training experiences and benefits.
Abstract: This study aims to assess the individual impacts of two components of support at the workplace, namely, support from peers and supervisor, on transfer of training in a post-training environment. Mediation by motivation to transfer in the relationship of supervisor and peer support with transfer of training has also been examined. Data on 149 respondent employees working in a manufacturing unit owned by a leading player in the power transmission business in India has been subject to hierarchical regression analysis. Results confirm the key role of supervisor support in transfer of learned skills. However, the impact of peers on transfer is found to be greater than that of supervisors. The findings prompt us to recommend that peers should be involved in publicizing post-training experiences and benefits. Organizations and supervisors should encourage peers to motivate employees in applying training skills to the job by means of rewards and recognition. Overall the results contribute to a better understanding of support at workplace as a predictor of transfer.
TL;DR: In this article, the production of cellulases and xylanases from the Rhizopus oryzae SN5 isolated from composed soil of Himalayan pine forest, in order to meet the challenges of lignocellulosic biomass based biorefineries.
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of undoped and Cr-doped WO3 nanosheets have been used to study the influence of doping on their structural and morphological properties.