Showing papers by "Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad published in 2017"
TL;DR: The results of the present study have shown the role of NO in the reducing of ZnONPs toxicity through the regulation of accumulation ofZn as well as the functioning of the AsA–GSH cycle.
Abstract: The present study investigates ameliorative effect of nitric oxide (NO) against zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) phytotoxicity in wheat seedlings. ZnONPs exposure hampered growth of wheat seedlings which was coincided with reduced photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm and qP) due to increased accumulation of zinc (Zn) in xylem and phloem saps. However, SNP supplementation has partially mitigated the ZnONPs-mediated toxicity by modulation of photosynthetic activity and Zn accumulation in xylem and phloem sap. Further, the results reveal that ZnONPs treatments enhanced level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hence lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde; MDA) due to severely inhibited activities of the ascorbate-glutatione cycle (AsA-GSH) enzymes: ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and its associated metabolites: reduced ascorbate and glutathione. In contrast to this, the addition of SNP together with ZnONPs maintained the cellular functioning of the AsA-GSH cycle properly, hence lesser damage was noticed in comparison to ZnONPs treatments alone. The protective effect of SNP against ZnONPs toxicity on fresh weight (growth) can be reversed by 2-(4carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a NO scavenger, suggesting role of NO released from SNP in ameliorating ZnONPs toxicity. Overall the results of the present study have shown about implication of NO in the reducing ZnONPs toxicity through the regulation of accumulation of Zn, and functioning of the AsA-GSH cycle.
1,119 citations
TL;DR: The importance and role of A BA signaling with regard to various stresses as well as regulation of ABA biosynthetic pathway along with the transcription factors for stress tolerance are enlightened.
Abstract: Abiotic stress is one of the severe stresses of environment that lowers the growth and yield of any crop even on irrigated land throughout the world. A major phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential part in acting towards varied range of stresses like heavy metal stress, drought, thermal or heat stress, high level of salinity, low temperature and radiation stresses. It also finds its role in various developmental processes including seed germination, seed dormancy, and closure of stomata. Abscisic acid acts by modifying the expression level of gene and subsequent analysis of cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements of responsive promoters. It also interacts with the signaling molecules of processes involved in retorting to stresses and development of seeds. On the whole, the stress to a plant can be susceptible or tolerant by taking into account the coordinated activities of various stress-responsive genes. Numbers of transcription factor are involved in regulating the expression of abscisic acid responsive genes by acting together with their respective cis‑acting elements. Hence, for improvement in stress-tolerance capacity of plants, it is necessary to understand the mechanism behind it. On this ground, this article enlightens the importance and role of ABA signaling with regard to various stresses as well as regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway along with the transcription factors for stress tolerance.
720 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm for image segmentation technique which is used for automatic detection and classification of plant leaf diseases and also covers survey on different diseases classification techniques that can be used for plant leaf disease detection.
699 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give the insights about fuel cell operation and application of various power electronics systems and discuss the control algorithms of power architecture for the couple of well-known applications.
Abstract: Renewable energy generation is rapidly growing in the power sector industry and widely used for two categories: grid connected and standalone system. This paper gives the insights about fuel cell operation and application of various power electronics systems. The fuel cell voltage decreases bit by bit with expansion in current because of losses associated with fuel cell. It is difficult in handling large rated fuel cell based power system without regulating mechanism. The issue connected with fuel based structural planning and the arrangements are widely investigated for all sorts of utilization. In order to improve the reliability of fuel cell based power system, the integration of energy storage system and advanced research methods are focused in this paper. The control algorithms of power architecture for the couple of well-known applications are discussed. Additionally, the paper addresses the suitable processor utilized as a part of the energy unit application on the premise of fuel cell characteristics. In this paper, the challenges to improve the dynamics of controller in fuel cell based applications are mentioned.
329 citations
TL;DR: One of the major unfortunate consequences of industrialization is soil acidification, and aluminium (Al) is the primary limitation of crop productivity worldwide.
310 citations
TL;DR: The present review gives a concentric know-how of the effects of AgNPs on the lower and higher autotrophic plants as well as on heterotrophic microbes so as to have better understanding of the differences in effects among these two groups and signifies the prevailing tolerance mechanisms.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a cutting-edge field of science with the potential to revolutionize today's technological advances including industrial applications. It is being utilized for the welfare of mankind; but at the same time, the unprecedented use and uncontrolled release of nanomaterials into the environment poses enormous threat to living organisms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in several industries and its continuous release may hamper many physiological and biochemical processes in the living organisms including autotrophs and heterotrophs. The present review gives a concentric know-how of the effects of AgNPs on the lower and higher autotrophic plants as well as on heterotrophic microbes so as to have better understanding of the differences in effects among these two groups. It also focuses on the mechanism of uptake, translocation, accumulation in the plants and microbes, and resulting toxicity as well as tolerance mechanisms by which these microorganisms are able to survive and reduce the effects of AgNPs. This review differentiates the impact of silver nanoparticles at various levels between autotrophs and heterotrophs and signifies the prevailing tolerance mechanisms. With this background, a comprehensive idea can be made with respect to the influence of AgNPs on lower and higher autotrophic plants together with heterotrophic microbes and new insights can be generated for the researchers to understand the toxicity and tolerance mechanisms of AgNPs in plants and microbes.
254 citations
TL;DR: Robustness of the scheme is better than existing scheme for similar set of medical images in terms of normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) and bit-error-rate (BER) and performance comparison of proposed scheme with existing schemes shows proposed scheme has better robustness against different types of attacks.
Abstract: In this paper, a blind image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. In this scheme, DWT is applied on ROI (region of interest) of the medical image to get different frequency subbands of its wavelet decomposition. On the low frequency subband LL of the ROI, block-SVD is applied to get different singular matrices. A pair of elements with similar values is identified from the left singular value matrix of these selected blocks. The values of these pairs are modified using certain threshold to embed a bit of watermark content. Appropriate threshold is chosen to achieve the imperceptibility and robustness of medical image and watermark contents respectively. For authentication and identification of original medical image, one watermark image (logo) and other text watermark have been used. The watermark image provides authentication whereas the text data represents electronic patient record (EPR) for identification. At receiving end, blind recovery of both watermark contents is performed by a similar comparison scheme used during the embedding process. The proposed algorithm is applied on various groups of medical images like X-ray, CT scan and mammography. This scheme offers better visibility of watermarked image and recovery of watermark content due to DWT-SVD combination. Moreover, use of Hamming error correcting code (ECC) on EPR text bits reduces the BER and thus provides better recovery of EPR. The performance of proposed algorithm with EPR data coding by Hamming code is compared with the BCH error correcting code and it is found that later one perform better. A result analysis shows that imperceptibility of watermarked image is better as PSNR is above 43 dB and WPSNR is above 52 dB for all set of images. In addition, robustness of the scheme is better than existing scheme for similar set of medical images in terms of normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) and bit-error-rate (BER). An analysis is also carried out to verify the performance of the proposed scheme for different size of watermark contents (image and EPR data). It is observed from analysis that the proposed scheme is also appropriate for watermarking of color image. Using proposed scheme, watermark contents are extracted successfully under various noise attacks like JPEG compression, filtering, Gaussian noise, Salt and pepper noise, cropping, filtering and rotation. Performance comparison of proposed scheme with existing schemes shows proposed scheme has better robustness against different types of attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also robust under set of benchmark attacks known as checkmark attacks.
157 citations
TL;DR: Differential impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on Brassica seedlings, their mode of action, and reasons for their differential impact are shown, which could be implied in toxicological research for designing strategies to reduce adverse impact ofagricultural nanosized particles into the environment.
Abstract: Continuous formation and utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) have resulted into significant discharge of nanosized particles into the environment. NPs find applications in numerous products and agriculture sector, and gaining importance in recent years. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) by green synthesis approach using Aloe vera extract. Mustard (Brassica sp.) seedlings were grown hydroponically and toxicity of both AgNP and AgNO3 (as ionic Ag+) was assessed at various concentrations (1 and 3 mM) by analyzing shoot and root length, fresh mass, protein content, photosynthetic pigments and performance, cell viability, oxidative damage, DNA degradation and enzyme activities. The results revealed that both AgNPs and AgNO3 declined growth of Brassica seedlings due to enhanced accumulation of AgNPs and AgNO3 that subsequently caused severe inhibition in photosynthesis. Further, the results showed that both AgNPs and AgNO3 induced oxidative stress as indicated by histochemical staining of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide that was manifested in terms of DNA degradation and cell death. Activities of antioxidants, i.e., ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) were inhibited by AgNPs and AgNO3. Interestingly, damaging impact of AgNPs was lesser than AgNO3 on Brassica seedlings which was due to lesser accumulation of AgNPs and better activities of APX and CAT, which resulted in lesser oxidative stress, DNA degradation and cell death. The results of the present study showed differential impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on Brassica seedlings, their mode of action, and reasons for their differential impact. The results of the present study could be implied in toxicological research for designing strategies to reduce adverse impact of AgNPs and AgNO3 on crop plants.
136 citations
TL;DR: The catalytic potential of palladium-gold nanorods, which can be employed as nanozyme for developing highly sensitive detection methods was demonstrated.
128 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of functionalization of single-, double-, and triple-walled carbon nanotubes with ethylene-di-amine, analyzing their elastic properties, was examined.
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have been proposed as an ideal reinforcement for the fabrication of nanocomposites. However, because of their chemical inertness, carbon nanotubes have to be functionalized in order to acquire superior properties. In the present paper, we examine the effect of functionalization of single-, double-, and triple-walled carbon nanotubes with ethylene-di-amine, analyzing their elastic properties. Condensed-phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulations studies force field is used to model the interatomic interactions for armchair (5,5), (9,0), and (10,10) configuration carbon nanotubes. Molecular dynamics simulations for carbon nanotubes with various densities of the attached ethylene-di-amine molecules have been performed. This study quantitatively investigates the effect of amine functionalization (up to 12 numbers of ethylene-di-amine groups) on the Young's, bulk, and shear moduli and tensile strengths of different carbon nanotube structures.
111 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study validate the feasibility of the proposed control, as well as the capability of the MAS for the operation of LFC in SG with changes in CT through a multi-agent system (MAS) technology.
Abstract: This paper presents an intelligent controller for “load frequency control (LFC)” application in “smart grid (SG)”environment having changes in communication topology (CT) via a multi-agent system (MAS) technology. In this study, network-induced effects, time delay, and change in CT have been addressed to examine the system performance in a closed loop. An event-triggered control method is used to reduce the communication burden in a network. An intelligent controller based on reinforcement learning consists of two levels, estimator agent and controller agent, in each multi-area system. Particle swarm optimization is used to tune the controller parameters. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy and system architecture as MAS for LFC in SG are analyzed in detail, verified for various load conditions and different network configurations. In addition, mean-square error of the power system states with CT is also analyzed. The results of this study validate the feasibility of the proposed control, as well as the capability of the MAS for the operation of LFC in SG with changes in CT.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented an outlook to enhance the productivity of a basin type double slope multi-wick solar still by introducing the wicks and showed that significant increase in the heat input, yield, and overall thermal efficiency have been obtained.
TL;DR: The present study suggests that the plant growth promoting potential and resistance efficacy of B. subtilis MNU16 will go a long way in developing an effective bioremediation approach for Cr(VI) contaminated soils.
Abstract: The bacterium MNU16 was isolated from contaminated soils of coal mine and subsequently screened for different plant growth promotion (PGP) activities The isolate was further identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus subtilis MNU16 with IAA concentration (5695±0436µg/ml), siderophore unit (973±205%), phosphate solubilization (28513±105µg/ml) and ACC deaminase activity (116±0019 µmoles α-ketobutyrate /mg/24 h) Further, to evaluate the metal resistance profile of bacterium, the isolate was screened for multi-metal resistance (viz 900 mg/L for Cr, 600 mg/L for As, 700 mg/L for Ni respectively and 300 mg/L for Hg) Additionally, the resistance pattern of Bacillus subtilis MNU16 against Cr(VI) (from 50-300 mg/L) treatments were evaluated An enriched population was observed at 0-200 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration while slight reduction were shown at 250 and 300 mg/L Cr(VI) Further, the chromium reduction ability at 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) shows that the strain Bacillus subtilis MNU16 reduced 75% of Cr(VI) to 1323 mg/L within 72 hours Further, the chromium reduction ability at 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) highlighted that the bacterium Bacillus subtilis MNU16 reduced 75% of Cr(VI) to 1323 mg/L within 72 hours Transmission electron microscopy study was also performed and it was observed that the cells were able to accumulates Cr(VI) and EDP localization in cells was also observed which shows the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) The data of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM) when subjected to Cr(VI) treatments (50 mg/L to 300 mg/L) for 12 h of incubation showed the similar pattern and clearly revealed that, less toxic effect of hexavalent chromium was observed till 200 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration, however the toxicity affects more at 300 mg/L Cr(VI) Thus the present study suggests that due to the plant growth promoting potential of Bacillus subtilis MNU16 and its resistance efficacy at different level of Cr(VI) it will go a long way in developing an effective bioremediation approach for Cr(VI) contaminated soils
TL;DR: In this article, the first study on synthesis of water-soluble reduced fluorescent carbon dots (r-FCDs) by using lignosulfonate lignin as carbon source was presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the gas sensing response properties for acetone and formaldehyde by a chemiresistive nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure sensor.
Abstract: Here, we studied the gas sensing response properties for acetone and formaldehyde by a chemiresistive nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure sensor. The nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure based sensor demonstrates a high response to acetone (∼85%) and formaldehyde (∼88%) at 25 ppm concentration and optimum working temperatures of 175 °C and 225 °C, respectively. Additionally, we examined the influence of potential barrier heights in the response/recovery time of the nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure based acetone and formaldehyde gas sensor. The real-time response/recovery analysis reveal that the sensor response depends on the potential barrier height as well as adsorbed active sites (O2− & O−) on the sensor surface. Furthermore, the nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure based gas sensor shows good selectivity to acetone and formaldehyde at optimum working temperature of 175 °C and 225 °C, respectively, compared to the other interfering gases such as ethanol, methanol, chloroform, toluene, benzene, ammonia, formic acid and acetic acid. The life-time analysis has been performed for 30 days, which showes the stability of nanocube In2O3@RGO heterostructure based acetone and formaldehyde sensor.
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of the production of mono-dispersed spherical GQDs (∼4nm) based on a treatment solely with ammonia solution as both, reducing and stabilizing agent was investigated.
Abstract: The precise control of dimension and mono-dispersibility of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is still a challenge and new developments in this field are of great interest for scientific community. In this work, we have investigated the feasibility of the production of mono-dispersed spherical GQDs (∼4 nm) based on a treatment solely with ammonia solution as both, reducing and stabilizing agent. The structure, size and shape of the so synthesized GQDs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The synthesized GQDs show excitation-dependent tunable color emission (violet to green). These GQDs could be potentially used as biomarkers for florescent bioimaging. The GQDs also prove to be excellent sunlight-driven photocatalysts for the photodegradation (45%) of methylene blue (MB) dye. Therefore, these GQDs could find remarkable application in the field of photocatalysis. Electrochemical measurements indicate good rate capability and stability of the GQDs in view of their use as supercapacitor electrode material. The present work not only provides a better explanation of the experimental observations, but also suggests an efficient method for the controllable synthesis of multi-functional GQDs.
TL;DR: A lead-resistant bacterial strain was isolated from coal mine dump and identified as Acinetobacter junii Pb1, highlighting its potential on the restoration of Pb(II) contaminated repositories and the two fractions of exopolysaccharide, loosely associated EPS, and bound EPS (bEPS), and whole cells (devoid of EPS) showed high binding affinity towards P b(II).
Abstract: A lead-resistant bacterial strain was isolated from coal mine dump and identified as Acinetobacter junii Pb1 on basis of 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) gene sequencing. The minimum inhibitory concentration of lead for the strain was 16,000 mg l−1 and it showed antibiotic and multi metal resistance. In aqueous culture, at an initial lead (Pb(II)) concentration of 100 and 500 mg l−1, lead adsorption and accumulation by the isolate was 100 and 60%, at pH 7 at 30 °C after 48 and 120 h, respectively. The two fractions of exopolysaccharide (EPS), loosely associated EPS (laEPS) and bound EPS (bEPS), and whole cells (devoid of EPS) showed high binding affinity towards Pb(II). The binding affinity of laEPS towards Pb(II) (1071 mg Pb g−1) was three times higher than that of bEPS (321.5 mg Pb g−1) and 6.5 times higher than that of whole cells (165 mg Pb g−1). The binding affinity of EPS and whole cells with Pb(II), reported in the current study, is considerably higher as compared to that reported in the literature, till date. SEM analysis, showed an increase in thickness of cells on exposure to Pb(II) and TEM analysis, revealed its accumulation (interior of cell) and its adsorption (with the external cell surface). The isolate was also found to be positive for indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase production which helps in promoting plant growth. Thus, this study provides a new understanding towards Pb(II) uptake by A. junii Pb1, highlighting its potential on the restoration of Pb(II) contaminated repositories.
TL;DR: Sisal fibre is one of the widely used natural fibre and being used as rein... as mentioned in this paper, it has been global demand to overcome the abundant use of synthetic fibres with respect to saving the environment.
Abstract: Nowadays, it has been global demand to overcome the abundant use of synthetic fibres with respect to save the environment. Sisal fibre is one of the widely used natural fibre and being used as rein...
TL;DR: In this article, an effective control law is proposed against matched and unmatched uncertainties for load frequency control (LFC) application in three-area interconnected power system, which has ability to vary closed-loop system damping characteristics according to uncertainties and load disturbances present in the system.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and biosynthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNps) on Cucumis sativus L seedlings were evaluated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a gold-black phosphorus (Au-BP) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was proposed to achieve the best possible sensing performance parameter i.e. sensitivity and detection accuracy.
Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate gold-black phosphorus (Au-BP) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The unique electronic and optical properties of black phosphorous like direct band gap, smaller work function, high charge carrier mobility, and better binding of molecules on sensor surface are utilized. The thickness of gold layer is optimized at 633 nm wavelength to achieve best possible sensing performance parameter i.e. sensitivity and detection accuracy. Further, silicon layer is used to enhance the detection accuracy. The performance of the proposed biosensor with and without using silicon layers are compared with conventional and graphene based biosensor. Finally, it is observed that the higher sensitivity of proposed SPR biosensor is about 1.42 times of the conventional and 1.40 times graphene based SPR biosensor.
TL;DR: The synthesized WO3 nanostructures showed improved photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of MB dye, and the enhanced photocatallytic activity of WO1 nanosheets compared to WO2 nanorods for photodegrading of methylene blue (MB) dye could be due to the shape of the nanostructure of W O3.
TL;DR: Proteomic and transcriptomic contribution that has recently been made to establish the genetic basis of nanoparticle uptake and stress response mechanism are summarized in the present article in order to understand the complex regulatory network involved between plant and nanoparticle stress responses.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new advanced combined treatment technology has been investigated to control the total treatment cost of textile dye effluent using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.
TL;DR: The proposed method has shown satisfactory performance for complex roadways having road section with and without raised curb, and has potential to be employed for such road environments, which are not uncommon.
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) data of roadways are frequently used for extraction of detailed roadway information which is essential for several planning and engineering applications Recent past has seen
TL;DR: A novel co-variance guided Artificial Bee Colony algorithm named as Multi-objective Co-Variance based ABC (M-CABC) is presented, which validates the adept performance of the proposed algorithm in finding various optimal trade-off solutions simultaneously handling realistic constraints.
Abstract: Although the use of evolutionary algorithms and fuzzy logic for portfolio optimization is an established research area, this field remains fascinating because of its important financial aspects. The field is brisk and it trances as there always remain research issues which are yet to explore. The problem of portfolio optimization comprises of finding an optimal distribution of funds among various available securities so as to maximize the return and minimize the risk. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is one of the effectual and widely used optimization technique based on swarm intelligence. Mixing co-variance principles with ABC algorithm assists in quick convergence with more precision. This paper presents a novel co-variance guided Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for portfolio optimization. As portfolio optimization consists of simultaneous optimization of multiple conflicting objectives, this algorithm is named as Multi-objective Co-variance based ABC (M-CABC). The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is tested on benchmark problems of portfolio optimization from the OR-library. The results validate the adept performance of the proposed algorithm in finding various optimal trade-off solutions simultaneously handling realistic constraints. The article concludes with exhaustive post-result analysis and observatory remarks to bring out some of the crucial properties of optimal portfolios.
TL;DR: In this paper, Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanorods were synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method with potential for large scale production.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the fracture of laminated glass is presented, which highlights the requirement of quantitative work on crack propagation prediction during LG fracture and critical evaluation of the numerical algorithms available for modeling the glass-ply cracking and principal damage pattern in LG.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of elemental addition (Mn and Co) on the phase evolution and magnetic properties of equiatomic TiFeNiCr based high entropy alloys (HEAs) were described.
30 Nov 2017
TL;DR: The comprehensive analysis is done on the several edge detection techniques such as Prewitt, Sobel, Canny, Roberts and Laplacian of Gaussian to find Canny edge detector is working well than others.
Abstract: One of the important objectives of image processing is to interpret the content of image efficiently and finds the meaningful and significant information from it. The much awareness has been received from various researchers in the field of image interpretation. One of the most severe step in image interpretation is to mine the edges information from the image appropriately. Edges are the fundamental features of the image and can be formed from the outlines of the object. Edge detection is generally used in image analysis and processing. There are several types of algorithm to detect the edges. In this paper, the comprehensive analysis is done on the several edge detection techniques such as Prewitt, Sobel, Canny, Roberts and Laplacian of Gaussian. It is experimentally observed that Canny edge detector is working well than others. This work is implemented on Matlab R2015a.