Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad

About: Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad is a education organization based out in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Control theory & Electric power system. The organization has 2475 authors who have published 5067 publications receiving 61891 citations. The organization is also known as: NIT Allahabad & Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College.

A Linear Regression Approach to Multi-criteria Recommender System

Abstract: Recommender system (RS) is a web personalization tool for recommending appropriate items to users based on their preferences from a large set of available items. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most popular technique for recommending items based on the preferences of similar users. Most of the CF based RSs work only on the overall rating of the items, however, the overall rating is not a good representative of user preferences for an item. Our work in this paper, is an attempt towards incorporating of various criteria ratings into CF i.e., multi-criteria CF, for enhancing its accuracy through multi-linear regression. We suggest the use of multi-linear regression for determining the weights of individual criterion and computing the overall ratings of each item. Experimental results reveal that the proposed approach outperforms the classical approaches.

Mitigation of Groundwater Pollution: Heavy Metal Retention Characteristics of Fly Ash Based Liner Materials

Abstract: Leachates generated from the landfills are considered as one of the major source of groundwater contamination and surrounding geoenvironment. An efficient engineered liner for the landfills assists to mitigate the groundwater contaminants by acting as an effective hydro-chemical barrier for the leachate. For geomaterials used in liners, it is important to determine the appropriate range of compaction parameters that would ensure hydraulic conductivity and mitigation of the groundwater contaminants within safe limits. Fly ash based liner materials can be much effective as it not only will solve the problem of proper and safe disposing of fly ash but also will be better liner material in comparison to sand bentonite mixes. The addition of cohesionless fly ash would improve the strength and reduce the shrinkage behavior of bentonite but at the same time might increase the hydraulic conductivity. Hence, it is important to determine the ranges of water content and dry unit weight for different bentonite–fly ash mixes that would satisfy the desired ranges of hydraulic conductivity and strength. The objective for the present chapter is to identify the bentonite–fly ash mix that enables maximum use of fly ash, for the hydraulic conductivity and mitigation of the groundwater contaminants. Various literatures have reported the potential valorization of a bentonite–fly ash mix as a compacted landfill liner compacted at optimum moisture content, satisfying the regulatory requirements of landfill liners. In addition, the groundwater contaminants retention characteristics of fly ash–bentonite mixes were also reported. Hence, the laboratory results discussed in this chapter would be quite handy for deciding the appropriate bentonite–fly ash mix to be evaluated at field scale.

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of the Reactive Extraction of Nicotinic Acid with Tri-n-octylamine Dissolved in MIBK

Abstract: The design of an extraction process requires equilibrium and kinetic data for the acid (solute)–amine (solvent) system used. In this study, equilibrium and kinetic experiments on the recovery of nicotinic acid (0.02–0.10 kmol·m–3) were performed using tri-n-octylamine (TOA; 0.115–0.459 kmol·m–3) dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as a diluent. The chemical equilibrium of acid and amine is interpreted as a result of the formation of both 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with an equilibrium constant (KE) of 37.11 (kmol·m–3)−1.21. The mass-transfer coefficient (kL = 2.03 × 10–5 m·s–1) of nicotinic acid in MIBK was determined in a stirred cell. Based on the values of Hatta number (0.089–0.123) and the criterion proposed by Doraiswamy and Sharma (Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1984), the reaction was found to be a very slow chemical reaction occurring in the bulk of the organic phase. The reaction was found to have orders of 0.8 with respect to nicoti...

An Insight into Biological and Chemical Technologies for Micropollutant Removal from Wastewater

Abstract: Over the last few decades, the occurrence of micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater has emerged as a challenging task for the scientific community. Biological treatment technologies (BTTs) are most widely used for MPs removal, including activated sludge, constructed wetland, membrane bioreactor (MBR), aerobic bioreactor, anaerobic bioreactor, microalgae bioreactor, fungal bioreactor, trickling filter, rotating biological reactor, nitrification, and biosorption. Results showed that during biological treatment some of the non-biodegradable MPs are not efficiently removed. Chemical treatment technologies (CTTs) including Fenton, ozonation, photolysis, photo-Fenton, photocatalysis, and electro-Fenton process have been widely used. However, the complete mineralization of MPs by CTTs is usually expensive. Therefore, a cost and resource-efficient alternative are to direct biological treatment in combination with a chemical treatment to convert the hazardous pollutants into more biodegradable compounds. This chapter provides an insight into the removal of micropollutants from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by biological, chemical, and hybrid technologies. Further studies are needed for optimizing these processes, especially in terms of technical and economic perspectives.