Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad

About: Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad is a education organization based out in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Control theory & Electric power system. The organization has 2475 authors who have published 5067 publications receiving 61891 citations. The organization is also known as: NIT Allahabad & Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College.

Eco-friendly synthesis of phytochemical-capped iron oxide nanoparticles as nano-priming agent for boosting seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract: Recently the applications of engineered nanoparticles in the agricultural sector is increased as nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nanocarrier for macro- or micronutrients, nano-sensors, etc. In this study, biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) have been synthesized through an environment-friendly route using Cassia occidentalis L. flower extract to act as nano-priming agent for promoting germination of Pusa basmati rice seeds. Different characterization methods, viz. X-ray diffraction, particle size analyser, zeta potential and scanning electron microscopy, were used to show efficacious synthesis of FeO NPs capped with phytochemicals. Rice seeds primed with FeO NPs at 20 and 40 mg/L efficiently enhanced germination and seedling vigour compared to ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) priming and hydro-primed control. The seeds primed with 20 mg/L FeO NPs showed up to 50% stimulation in biophysical parameters such as root length and dry weight. Substantial stimulation of sugar and amylase content was also reported at the same concentration. The antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly increased as compared to FeSO4 priming and control. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) study was also done for analysis of Fe, Zn, K, Ca, and Mn concentration in seeds. The seed priming technique signifies a comprehensible and innovative approach that could enhance α-amylase activity, iron acquisition, and ROS production, ensuing elevated soluble sugar levels for supporting seedling growth and enhancing seed germination rate, respectively. In this report, phytochemical-capped FeO NPs are presented as a capable nano-priming agent for stimulating the germination of naturally aged rice seeds.

Ultra-low-power bulk-driven fully differential subthreshold OTAs with partial positive feedback for Gm-C filters

Abstract: This paper presents an ultra-low-power, bulk-driven, source-degenerated fully differential transconductor (FD-OTA), operating in subthreshold region. The source-degeneration (SD) and bulk-drive ensure linearity and rail-to-rail input swing. The flipped voltage follower and SD resistor perform V–I conversion in input core with power efficient class AB mode of operation. The reduction in open loop gain and gain bandwidth (GBW) of bulk-drive is compensated by applying partial positive feedback at diode connected MOSFET pair. The current gain from input core to output load side is set (1:1) in OTA1 and (1:4) in OTA2. The OTA2 offers increased transconductance and GBW whereas self-cascode load increases the output impedance and overall gain of the FD-OTAs. Both the input core and common source self-cascode load operate in class AB mode so these FD-OTAs provide enhanced slew rates. These OTAs have been employed to implement Biquadratic low-frequency Gm-C filter suitable for bio-signal applications. The proposed OTA2 has used dual supply voltage of ± 0.3 V and dissipates around 70 nW power and provides 62 dB FD-open loop gain with GBW of 7.73 kHz while driving the FD-load of 2 × 15 pF. The Cadence VIRTUOSO environment using UMC 0.18 µm CMOS process technology has been used to simulate the proposed circuit. The Simulation results verified fully differential total harmonic distortion of − 72 dB, for 1.2 Vp–p signal at 200 Hz frequency in unity gain configuration with resistive degeneration of 1 MΩ for OTA1.

Study on crater depth during material removal in WEDC of Ni-rich nickel–titanium shape memory alloy

Abstract: The objective of this experimental investigation is to reveal the individual effect of wire electrical discharge cutting (WEDC) process parameters, namely discharge energy density, wire feed rate, spark frequency, wire tension, and spark gap voltage on average crater depth, material removal rate (MRR), and metallographic changes of Ni55.95Ti44.05 shape memory alloy (SMA). The analysis of crater size during material removal in WEDC has been also discussed in this study. The three-dimensional surface topography at higher discharge energy density divulges the formation of deeper and wider craters with high surface roughness on the machined surface compared to lower discharge energy density. MRR and average crater depth increase with the increase in discharge energy density and decrease with the increase in spark frequency and spark gap voltage, whereas wire feed rate and wire tension have the trivial effect. The analysis of X-ray diffraction peaks of the machined surface shows the presence of various compounds such as NiTi, TiO, TiO2, Ni4Ti3, CuZn, Cu2NiZn, NiTiO3, and NiZn and tensile residual stress.