Showing papers by "Motorola published in 1982"

Real time computer-driven retail pricing display system

Abstract: A computer driven, informational display system is disclosed which visually displays selected information in real time. The arrangement is particularly adapted for displaying pricing and other associated information in retail establishments which utilize the standard Universal Product Code for the items of merchandise for sale. The particular bar code forms a unique address for respective remote display modules at selected locations throughout the store. A source of computer-based information is applied to all of the remote display units in parallel. When a particular display module detects its unique address, the information to be displayed, which follows the addressed code, is processed and used to control the operation of an LCD display.

Multiple channel data link system

Abstract: A coherent communications link for simultaneously transmitting intelligence on a plurality of non-contiguous frequency channels by means of a plurality of coherent carrier signals which are connected to a single composite intermediate frequency signal upon reception by a fully coherent receiver. The local oscillator signals in the receiver are maintained coherent with respect to the transmitted carrier signals responsive to the composite IF signal while each of the local oscillator signals is adjusted to maintain coherence of each received carrier in the face of relatively long term drift due to thermal shifts, path effects and hardware drift.

Protected photovoltaic module

Abstract: A practical photovoltaic module is disclosed which is protected from reverse bias damage and which displays minimal power loss resulting from temporary inoperativeness of one or more individual photovoltaic cells included in the module. The module includes a plurality of series connected photovoltaic cells. Protection from inoperativeness of one or more of these cells is provided with only minimal power loss by providing a reversely poled diode across each of the series connected cells.

Micropackage for identification card

Abstract: A very thin flexible card is provided which contains electronic circuitry. The card is particularly useful as an identification card or as a credit card. The electronic circuitry is encapsulated. A first flexible sheet is provided having an opening large enough to receive the encapsulated electronic circuitry. The electronic circuitry has leads extending over the first flexible sheet. A second flexible sheet is superimposed over the first flexible sheet and has an opening large enough to accommodate the electrical leads resting on the first sheet. The electrical leads provide access to the electronic circuitry by a machine into which the card is inserted.

Electric energy storage devices

Abstract: This invention relates to novel type electrochemical devices such as capacitors or batteries, among other devices, which have high capacitance or power to volume or weight ratios, or which have other valuable characteristics, and which are characterized by the practical use of one or more phenomena, including pseudocapacitance, "kinetic reversibility" (passage of approximately equal and substantial charge or discharge currents at about the same rate), "coulombic reversibiiity" (passage of substantially equal numbers of coulombs in the charging and discharging of the device), distinguishable energy states of electrodeposited species on surfaces, creation of surface layers, electrochromic effects, negative differential resistance, and frequency multiplying effects which occur during, or as a result of, the formation or modification of an electrodeposited layer or layers on, or separation of charges in double layers in, one or more electrodes and/or as a result of the reaction(s) occurring between electrode and electrolyte.

Intralevel Hybrid Resist Process With Submicron Capability

Abstract: A hybrid lithographic process, utilizing both e-beam and conventional optical exposure techniques within the same device level, has been developed using a commercially available positive photoresist. Following E-beam exposure of the < 3.0 micron geometries and optical exposure of the larger sized patterns, both sets of images are developed in a single development. Using this process, working CMOS devices have been fabricated with polysilicon gate lengths of 0.75 and 0.50 micron. The effect of E-beam dosage upon the submicron gate critical dimensions has been determined as well as other processing characteristics.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Signal synchronization system

Abstract: A signal synchronization system is disclosed which samples an incoming stream containing binary information at a sampling rate which is an integral multiple of the bit information rate. This system correlates the sequences of the sampled bit pattern with a predetermined sequence to produce a measure of the dissimilarity between the sampled and the predetermined sequences. Synchronization of a local sampling clock with the incoming binary information is achieved by making phase adjustments to the local sampling clock which are functions of both the magnitude of dissimilarity and the time of measurement.

High power factor switching-type battery charger

Abstract: A switching-type charging circuit is described wherein the power factor of the circuit has been optimized. The switching-type charging circuit utilizes a dual loop feedback system to control the input and output current of the circuit. The dual feedback loop system utilizes a sinusoidal voltage reference in conjunction with a pulse width modulation circuit to force the input impedance of the circuit to appear substantially purely resistive.

Digital loop transceiver having a power up/down circuit

Abstract: In a digital telephone system, a digital private automatic branch exchange (PABX) has a plurality of digital line cards for coupling the PABX to respective digital subscriber sets via subscriber lines. In each digital line card, a digital loop transceiver operates in a master mode to couple the digital data bus of the PABX to the subscriber line via a subscriber line interface circuit in response to control signals provided by the PABX on the control bus thereof. In each digital subscriber set, a digital loop transceiver operates in a slave mode to couple the subscriber set to the subscriber line via a subscriber line interface circuit and to provide the several control signals required by the other components thereof. The digital loop transceivers may provide communication on each of two communication channels, with the digital data words of the first channel being treated the same as the digital data words of the second channel. In each digital loop transceiver, a power up/ power down circuit powers down all circuitry associated with each digital loop transceiver except for enough circuitry to detect an incoming data burst. Power up of each digital loop transceiver is accomplished via a power control portion which controls a data transmission controller in response to a detect signal and a power enable signal. A data control portion controls the transmission of bursted data to guarantee the avoidance of data collisions in a two-wire full duplex communication system.

Pager with visible display indicating status of memory.

Abstract: A radio pager decoder including a register which is incremented when a page is received and a visual indicator which displays a count of the number of received pages. Pages may also be selectively retrieved from memory.

Encoder for transmitted message activation code

Abstract: The encoder which preferably produces a transmitted digital word which serves as an activation code for a single receiver or a group of receivers. The activation code effects only the receiver(s) that have previously detected their digital address and are therefore prepared to enter a message receive state. The activation code transmitted by the encoder will cue the receiver(s) simultaneously thereby allowing the encoder to send a single message to a plurality of receivers. The activation code also allows the encoder to interleave messages to receivers by utilizing the customary transmitter down time in a single message transmission. During this down time, the activation code allows the transmitter to begin transmission of a second message to a second receiver. The use of the activation code to interleave messages is especially important in tone and voice transmissions since it significantly increases the efficiency of a heavily loaded system.

Numerically controlled oscillator using quadrant replication and function decomposition

Abstract: A numerically controlled oscillator wherein only one quadrant of a sinusoidially shaped wave is stored in a read-only-memory and the address of the read-only-memory is generated so that the entire numerically controlled oscillator and the read-only memory are contained on a single semiconductor chip. The data required to reproduce the quadrant is stored in a decomposed format so as to reduce the size of the read-only-memory.

Fast lock PLL having out of lock detector control of loop filter and divider

Abstract: A phase-locked loop comprises a reference source that produces a signal at a fixed frequency that is applied to a phase detector. That signal is compared in the phase detector with a divided quotient signal that is proportional to the output of a voltage-controlled oscillator. Comparison of the phase difference between the two signals creates an output voltage that is taken to an adaptive filter. The adaptive filter is controlled by an external logic circuit that selects a narrow bandwidth when phase lock is detected and a wider bandwidth when the absence of phase lock is detected. The divisor of the divider in the loop is also changed in response to a signal based on the phase difference. The output of the adaptive filter is taken to a summer which adds a modulating signal to form a combined controlled voltage for the VCO.

Plasma etching of organic materials

Abstract: A method is provided for anisotropically etching organic material to reduce mask undercutting. The layer of organic material to be patterned, with an overlying patterning mask is provided on a substrate. The substrate with the layer of organic material on it is placed on the powered electrode within a plasma reactor. A hydrogen plasma is generated in the reactor at a pressure between about 13.3 Pa and about 53 Pa. The organic layer which is not protected by the etch mask is etched by the hydrogen plasma. At these pressures the organic layer is removed by a process of ion assisted etching in which the hydrogen plasma chemically reacts with the organic material and the reaction is enhanced by ionic bombardment of the plasma species. Because the substrate and the organic material are placed on the powered electrode, the plasma ions impact the surface of the organic layer in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the layer thus providing anisotropy to the etch.

Sonic pressure volume measuring device

Abstract: Le volume de gaz dans un recipient (10) ou le volume de liquide dans le recipient est determine en produisant dans le gaz des ondes cycliques de pression au moyen d'un premier transducteur (12) et en detectant ces ondes au moyen d'un deuxieme transducteur (18). The volume of gas in a container (10) or the volume of liquid in the container is determined by producing gas in the cyclic pressure waves by means of a first transducer (12) and detecting the waves by means of a second transducer (18). Les signaux produits par le deuxieme transducteur sont une fonction du volume de gaz dans le recipient, et le volume de tout liquide peut etre obtenu par simple calcul. The signals produced by the second transducer is a function of the gas volume in the container, and the volume of any liquid can be obtained by simple calculation. Les signaux permettent egalement de detecter l'ouverture du recipient et, lorsqu'ils sont combines a des signaux relatifs a la vitesse du vehicule, ils permettent d'obtenir d'autres donnees telles que la lecture de la consommation en miles par gallon (ou km/l) (90). The signals can also detect the opening of the container and, when combined with signals relating to the vehicle speed, they allow to obtain other information such as the reading of the consumption in miles per gallon (or km / l) (90).

Conversion and Matched Filter Approximations for Serial Minimum-Shift Keyed Modulation

Abstract: Serial minimum-shift keyed (MSK) modulation, a technique for generating and detecting MSK using series filtering, is ideally suited for high data rate applications provided the required conversion and matched filters can be closely approximated. Lowpass implementations of these filters as parallel inphase- and quadrature-mixer structures are characterized in this paper in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation from ideal and envelope deviation. Several hardware implementation techniques utilizing microwave devices or lumped elements are presented. Optimization of parameter values results in realizations whose SNR degradation is less than 0.5 dB at error probabilities of 10-6.

Circuit for interfacing with both TTL and CMOS voltage levels

Abstract: A voltage compatible circuit for providing TTL and CMOS level inputs and/or outputs is provided. An input signal level detection portion generates either a CMOS or a TTL mode signal in response to a voltage level selection signal. One or more input buffers and/or output buffers is coupled to the CMOS and TTL mode signals. The input buffers are responsive to input signals within predetermined CMOS voltage levels in response to a voltage level signal having at least a predetermined value determined by the input signal level detection portion and within predetermined TTL voltage levels otherwise. The output buffers provide output signals within predetermined CMOS voltage levels in response to a voltage level signal having at least a predetermined value determined by the input signal level detection portion and within predetermined TTL voltage levels otherwise. A reference voltage portion and a bias generator portion are coupled to the input and output buffers to provide the predetermined voltage levels.

Simulcast transmission system

Abstract: An improved simulcast transmission in which a signal transmitted by a master station provides a reference frequency signal, as well as a voice and data path, is described. The system can be configured such that a master station can transmit AFSK data and voice or FSK data and voice. In either case, the remote transmitter will retransmit FSK and voice.

Led having self-aligned lens

Abstract: A relatively thick ring (23) of polymer or metal encircles the emitting area (22) of a light emitting diode. A spherical lens (24) rests on the ring and is both accurately located with respect to and spaced from the emitting area.

Voltage generator circuit having compensation for process and temperature variation

Abstract: An on-chip voltage generator circuit is disclosed having an output voltage which is reduced by a predetermined amount from a supply voltage. The output voltage is proportional to the gate-to-source voltages of two complementary transistors and varies with temperature and processing in a similar manner with digital circuitry on the chip for which the output voltage may be used to operate. A current source is used to provide a known current to the two complementary transistors and a buffer is used to provide a low impedance output.

Brushless three phase direct current motor control circuit

Abstract: A driver circuit is coupled to the stator windings of a brushless three phase DC motor which is responsive to the open circuit back EMF voltage induced in the next stator winding to be energized as a permanent magnet rotor of the motor is caused to be rotated for producing phase current drive to the stator winding in synchronous with the operation of the motor. The driver circuit includes an increment drive circuit for supplying periodic switching command signals in succession to a switching circuit to produce phase current drive in each stator. The increment drive circuit increments a switch command signal to cause phase current through the next phase stator winding in reference to the magnitude of the EMF voltage induced across said phase stator winding falling below a reference level. A feature of the invention is that the frequency of the periodic switch command signals is varied during starting of the motor dependent on the magnitude of starting potential supplied to the driver circuit to prevent the motor from "locking" which would otherwise inhibit start thereof.

Data muting method and apparatus for radio communications systems

Abstract: Apparatus that mutes data signals communicated between a central station (100) and mobile (120) and portable radios (122) in a dispatch radio system. The centraL station (100) includes a base station (110) having an RF transmitter and RF receiver, a dispatcher console (102), a general communications controller (GCC), (104), a digital communications computer (108) and a display terminal (106). The dispatcher console provides for voice communications. The GCC (104) provides for data communications. The GCC (104) and mobile (120) and portable radios (122) include data muting apparatus embodying the present invention. The data muting apparatus includes a noise detector (210, 602) for detecting the presence of a carrier signal and muting circuitry (220, 606) for muting the receiver output for a predetermined time interval when a carrier signal has been detected. During the predetermined time interval, other circuitry (620) may detect a synchronization word in a received data signal and mute the receiver output until still other circuitry (626) detects the last bit of a following information work and unmutes the receiver output.

The Correlations Between Physical and Electrical Properties of PECVD SiN with Their Composition Ratios

Abstract: The correlations of physical and electrical properties of PECVD films with their composition ratios (Si/N and Si‐H/N‐H) are explored and compared. The four physical properties considered include refractive index, absorption edge, mechanical stress, and density. Both refractive index and absorption edge show very similar behavior in their correlations with Si/N and Si‐H/N‐H. Their correlations with Si/N show a distinct deposition condition dependence while those with Si‐H/N‐H indicate, to within experimental error, deposition condition independence. The other two physical properties exhibit similar behavior: a parabolic dependence on Si/N with a minimum at and no correlation with Si‐H/N‐H. The two electrical properties considered are dielectric and d‐c conductivity. In the frequency range 103–106 Hz, two distinct absorption peaks are observed for films with the respective combinations of high Si‐H and low N‐H and high N‐H and low Si‐H concentrations. In d‐c conductivity, only one of the three parameters (, , ) that characterize the Frenkel Poole conduction mechanism shows an apparent correlation with conductivity (σ). However, σ is quantitatively demonstrated to correlate better with Si‐H/N‐H than with Si/N.

Dual electronic component assembly

Abstract: Two related miniature components are attached to opposite sides of an insulating base member. There are conductive pads and through-holes in the base member. The conductive areas on each component are wire-bonded to adjacent conductive areas on the base member. Some of the latter are coupled to the bottom surface of the assembly but the connections between the two components are made via metallization in the through-holes. Insulating covers seal each side of the assembly and the entire assembly may be reflow soldered to external circuitry.

Precision current source

Abstract: Circuit fournissant un courant de sortie dont la valeur est sensiblement independante des variations de la tension d'alimentation appliquee. Circuit providing an output current whose value is substantially independent of variations of the applied supply voltage. Le circuit comprend un premier (12) et un deuxieme (14) transistors de source de courant et un circuit miroir de courant conventionnel deltaVbe/R (18, 20, 22) permettant de regler le courant provenant des deux transistors. The circuit comprises a first (12) and a second (14) current source transistors and a conventional current mirror circuit deltaVbe / R (18, 20, 22) for adjusting the current from the two transistors. Au moins un transistor de sortie (32) dont les electrodes de base et d'emetteur sont couplees en parallele avec les electrodes de base et d'emetteur des deux transistors est compris pour emettre le courant de sortie. At least one output transistor (32) whose base and emitter electrodes are coupled in parallel with the base and emitter electrodes of the two transistors is included for transmitting the output current. Un amplificateur operationnel (28) dont les entrees inverseuses et non inverseuses sont connectees au collecteur respectif des deux transistors et dont la sortie est connectee aux bases connectees en commun des deux transistors et du transistor de sortie permet de maintenir les collecteurs des deux transistors a des niveaux de potentiel egaux meme lors d'une variation de la valeur de la tension d'alimentation, de sorte que le courant produit au collecteur du transistor de sortie ne subit pas de variations considerables. An operational amplifier (28) whose inverting and non-inverting inputs are connected to the respective collector of the two transistors and whose output is connected to the bases connected in common of the two transistors and the output transistor keeps the collectors of the two transistors of potential levels equal even when a variation in the value of the supply voltage, so that the current produced at the collector of the output transistor does not undergo significant variations.

Slot transfer molding apparatus and methods

Abstract: An improved means and method is provided for encapsulating electronic devices and other objects by transfer molding. The mold cavities are arranged in rows, disposed adjacent to and parallel with slot-shaped encapsulant reservoirs, and coupled to the reservoirs by short feeder channels of uniform length. Preferably, a row of cavities is located in a mirror symmetric fashion on either side of and parallel with each slot-shaped reservoir. A tightly fitting blade moves in each slot-shaped reservoir to compress and liquify the plastic encapsulant charge, injecting it into the mold cavities containing the component to be encapsulated. Plastic utilization can exceed 90%, and better control over molding conditions can be obtained because the plastic material reaches each mold cavity at the same stage of the liquification-solidification cycle. More cavities can be fitted in a given mold area because the usual central material pot and runner-tree are eliminated.

Overcurrent protection circuit for a multiple output switching power supply and method therefor

Abstract: An overcurrent protection circuit and method therefor for use in a multiple output switched power supply wherein the overcurrent condition accompanying a short circuit or an overload in an output circuit is detected as an undervoltage in a transformer When the undervoltage exceeds a threshold the power supply is switched off and then on again during the cycling of a low frequency oscillator until the short or overload is removed in order to maintain the average power through the output circuit at a safe level

Memory system having memory cells capable of storing more than two states.

Abstract: Un systeme de memoire ayant une pluralite de cellules de memoire (15), chacune etant capable de stocker plus de deux etats possede egalement un generateur de tension de reference (10) qui est utilise pour determiner l'etat memorise dans une cellule de memoire selectionnee A memory system having a plurality of memory cells (15), each being able to store more than two states also possesses a reference voltage generator (10) which is used to determine the state memorized in a selected memory cell Les differentes cellules de memoire (15) sont disposees en groupes de colonnes (19-25), et dans un mode prefere de realisation, le generateur de tension de reference (10) est dispose en colonnes (16-18) qui sont situees entre deux des groupes de colonnes (19-22 et 23-25) The different memory cells (15) are arranged in columns groups (19-25), and in a preferred embodiment, the reference voltage generator (10) is arranged in columns (16-18) which are situated between two column groups (19-22 and 23-25) Le systeme de memoire utilise la detection de tension par opposition a la detection de courant et par consequent le seul courant utilise sert a charger les capacitances des lignes The memory system uses the detection voltage as opposed to the current detection and therefore the only current use is a load capacitances of the lines Le generateur de tension de reference (10) est seulement valide pendant la periode de temps durant laquelle une cellule est en cours de lecture The reference voltage generator (10) is only valid during the period of time during which a cell is being read

Melt level sensing system and method

Abstract: A sensing system and method for detecting changes in the level of a liquid surface utilizing a source of essentially monochromatic illumination of narrow beam width for directing an incident beam toward a liquid surface at an oblique angle thereto, and thereby providing a reflected beam therefrom. A beam expander is interposed between the illumination source and the liquid source for increasing the narrow beam width of the incident beam to a beam width substantially greater than the wavelength of disturbances in the liquid surface. A converging lens is mounted transverse to and intercepts a portion of the reflected beam from the liquid surface for focusing that portion of the reflected beam to a centrum. A beam detector is positioned adjacent to the centrum for providing an indication of changes in the level of the liquid surface by detecting corresponding changes in a relative position of the centrum. An optical filter can be used to intercept the reflected beam to allow only the frequency of the monochromatic illumination source to pass therethrough in a Czochralski furnace.

Helical antenna structure capable of resonating at two different frequencies

Abstract: An antenna is provided which exhibits a relatively small size and is capable of resonating at two different frequencies. The antenna includes two helically wound elements which resonate at a first resonant frequency. A conductive member extends through and beyond one of the two helical elements to cause the antenna to resonate at a second resonant frequency.