Showing papers by "Motorola published in 1998"

Efficient use of side information in multiple-antenna data transmission over fading channels

Abstract: We derive performance limits for two closely related communication scenarios involving a wireless system with multiple-element transmitter antenna arrays: a point-to-point system with partial side information at the transmitter, and a broadcast system with multiple receivers. In both cases, ideal beamforming is impossible, leading to an inherently lower achievable performance as the quality of the side information degrades or as the number of receivers increases. Expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mutual information are both considered as performance measures. In the point-to-point case, we determine when the transmission strategy should use some form of beamforming and when it should not. We also show that, when properly chosen, even a small amount of side information can be quite valuable. For the broadcast scenario with an SNR criterion, we find the efficient frontier of operating points and show that even when the number of receivers is larger than the number of antenna array elements, significant performance improvements can be obtained by tailoring the transmission strategy to the realized channel.

Content player method and server with user profile

Abstract: A method of operation of a server ( 102 ) interacting with users ( 104, 106 ) to provide personalized content to each of the users. Personalized content is sent to a first user by communicating first audio or other content associated with a broadcast to a first user location. Second content is selected and a first signal is communicated to the first user location dependent on the user profile. The second content can include second audio content selected in dependence upon the first user profile, in which case playback of the second audio content is synchronized with respect to playback of the first audio content.

Modulation and coding for linear Gaussian channels

Abstract: Shannon's determination of the capacity of the linear Gaussian channel has posed a magnificent challenge to succeeding generations of researchers. This paper surveys how this challenge has been met during the past half century. Orthogonal minimum-bandwidth modulation techniques and channel capacity are discussed. Binary coding techniques for low-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) channels and nonbinary coding techniques for high-SNR channels are reviewed. Recent developments, which now allow capacity to be approached on any linear Gaussian channel, are surveyed. These new capacity-approaching techniques include turbo coding and decoding, multilevel coding, and combined coding/precoding for intersymbol-interference channels.

Adaptive system and method for responding to computer network security attacks

Abstract: A dynamic network security system (20) responds to a security attack (92) on a computer network (22) having a multiplicity of computer nodes (24). The security system (20) includes a plurality of security agents (36) that concurrently detect occurrences of security events (50) on associated computer nodes (24). A processor (40) processes the security events (50) that are received from the security agents (36) to form an attack signature (94) of the attack (92). A network status display (42) displays multi-dimensional attack status information representing the attack (92) in a two dimensional image to indicate the overall nature and severity of the attack (92). The network status display (42) also includes a list of recommended actions (112) for mitigating the attack. The security system (20) is adapted to respond to a subsequent attack that has a subsequent signature most closely resembling the attack signature (94).

Speech control of multiple applications using applets

Abstract: A computer operating system ( 30 ) receives information from first and second application programs relating to control words for controlling the application programs. This information is contained in vocabulary A ( 74 ) and vocabulary B ( 76 ). The speech recognition tool ( 36 ) is arranged to accept the information from the first and second application programs and perform a comparison with digitized speech received at an input ( 60 ). A selected one of the application programs ( 32 and 34 ) is controlled according to the digitized speech received.

System for communicating user-selected criteria filter prepared at wireless client to communication server for filtering data transferred from host to said wireless client

Abstract: In a main embodiment, prestage filtering is applied via user-definable filter parameters (e.g., reject, pass, or granularity filters) on data being transferred between a communication unit (201) and communication server (220). For downloading, e.g., email from a host post office (240), a communication server controller (229) preferably either forwards the filter parameters in a query object or message to the post office to apply and return qualified mail (406-414), or the communication server receives all unprocessed mail and applies the filters locally (418-420), only acknowledging as processed that mail which passes the filters. For uploading, e.g., email from a client, a client controller applies an upload prestage filter (432) so as to retain all filter-rejected email, while transmitting email passing the filters (434). Thus, only desired data transfers (i.e., those meeting user defined filters) are communicated over the expense-bearing networks between the remote unit and communication server.

Method and apparatus for monitoring environmental conditions in a communication system

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and processing environmental conditions within a wireless communication system is accomplished when a subscriber (22), or group of subscribers, sense an environmental condition or conditions. Upon sensing the particular environmental condition (28) or conditions, the subscriber (or communication device) provides the information about the sensed environmental condition to infrastructure equipment over the wireless communication path. Once the infrastructure equipment receives the information about the sensed environmental condition, it processes it. The processing includes storing the information, averaging the information, predicting future environmental conditions, generating warning signals based on the levels of the environmental condition, and providing feedback to an individual communication device or a group of communication devices. Once information about the sensed environmental condition has been processed, the infrastructure equipment provides at least a selected portion of the processed data to a communication device, based on a subscription of the communication device.

Method and apparatus for implementing a graphical user interface keyboard and a text buffer on electronic devices

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a graphical user interface keyboard (10) and a text buffer (12) on an electronic device. A character that is active upon pointer-up is accepted as a text character, even though the character that is active upon pointer-up is different from a character that was active and inserted in the text buffer (12) upon pointer-down.

System and method for delivery of information over narrow-band communications links

Abstract: System and method for delivery of information over narrow-band communications links. The system has at least a browser (12), a mobile client (10), a fixed server (30) and an origin host (50). The browser (12) requests a resource. The mobile client (10) transmits the request to the fixed server (30). The fixed server (30) retrieves a primary resource from the origin host (50) and any dependent resources. The fixed server (30) transmits the primary resource to the mobile client (10). The mobile client (10) transmits an acknowledgment list to the fixed server (30) requesting certain dependent resources and sends the primary resource to the browser (12). The fixed server (30) transmits the requested dependent resources to the mobile client (10) in one transmission. The mobile client (10) sends the dependent resources to the browser (12) upon request. Thus, only transmitting two round-trips of data across the narrow-band communications link to transfer all the necessary data to create an entire information page reduces the delay significantly.

Interconnect structure in a semiconductor device and method of formation

Abstract: In one embodiment, a conductive interconnect ( 38 ) is formed in a semiconductor device by depositing a dielectric layer ( 28 ) on a semiconductor substrate ( 10 ). The dielectric layer ( 28 ) is then patterned to form an interconnect opening ( 29 ). A tantalum nitride barrier layer ( 30 ) is then formed within the interconnect opening ( 29 ). A catalytic layer ( 31 ) comprising a palladium-tin colloid is then formed overlying the tantalum nitride barrier layer ( 30 ). A layer of electroless copper ( 32 ) is then deposited on the catalytic layer ( 31 ). A layer of electroplated copper ( 34 ) is then formed on the electroless copper layer ( 32 ), and the electroless copper layer ( 32 ) serves as a seed layer for the electroplated copper layer ( 34 ). Portions of the electroplated copper layer ( 34 ) are then removed to form a copper interconnect ( 38 ) within the interconnect opening ( 29 ).

Low-profile microelectronic package

Abstract: A microelectronic package (10) is formed by placing a lead frame (22) onto an adhesive polyimide tape (38). The lead frame (22) includes a plurality of metallic leads (16) and an opening. An integrated circuit die (12) is positioned onto the molding support (38) within the opening such that a non-active face (32) of the integrated circuit die (12) rests against the molding support (38). Wire leads (18) connect an active face (28) of the integrated circuit die (12) to the metallic leads (16). A plurality of metallic bumps (20) are attached to the metallic leads (16), and a polymeric precursor is dispensed. The precursor embeds the active face (28) of the integrated circuit die (12), the inner surface (19) of the metallic leads (16), the wire leads (18), and the metallic bumps (20). The microelectronic package (10) is then heated to cure the polymeric precursor to form a polymeric body (14). The microelectronic package (10) is then capable of being tested and subsequently attached to a printed circuit board (40) to form a low-profile microelectronic assembly (11).

Orthogonal transmultiplexers in communication: a review

Abstract: This paper presents conventional and emerging applications of orthogonal synthesis/analysis transform configurations (transmultiplexer) in communications. It emphasizes that orthogonality is the underlying concept in the design of many communication systems. It is shown that orthogonal filter banks (subband transforms) with proper time-frequency features can play a more important role in the design of new systems. The general concepts of filter bank theory are tied together with the application-specific requirements of several different communication systems. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to increase the visibility of emerging communication applications of orthogonal filter banks and to generate more research activity in the signal processing community on these topics.

A note on the complexity of Dijkstra's algorithm for graphs with weighted vertices

Abstract: Let G(V, E) be a directed graph in which each vertex has a nonnegative weight. The cost of a path between two vertices in G is the sum of the weights of the vertices on that path. We show that, for such graphs, the time complexity of Dijkstra's algorithm (E.W. Dijkstra, 1959), implemented with a binary heap, is O(|E|+|V|log|V|).

Communications network having adaptive network link optimization using wireless terrain awareness and method for use therein

Abstract: A communications network (10) having a plurality of wireless nodes (12-28) distributed within a region of interest makes routing decisions based on terrain information for the region of interest. A link quality determination unit (54) determines the quality of individual node-to-node links within the network (10), based on the location of the nodes (12-28) and the terrain about the nodes (12-28). A path selection unit 58 then determines an optimal path through the network 10 based on the link quality information. In one embodiment, communications corridors (102) are defined as preferred subpaths within a network for use in connecting remote nodes.

The memory fragmentation problem: solved?

Abstract: We show that for 8 real and varied C and C++ programs, several conventional dynamic storage allocators provide near-zero fragmentation, once we account for overheads due to implementation details such as headers, alignment, etc. This substantially strengthens our previous results showing that the memory fragmentation problem has generally been misunderstood, and that good allocator policies can provide good memory usage for most programs. The new results indicate that for most programs, excellent allocator policies are readily available, and efficiency of implementation is the major challenge. While we believe that our experimental results are state-of-the-art and our methodology is superior to most previous work, more work should be done to identify and study unusual problematic program behaviors not represented in our sample.

L-band transmitter using Kahn EER technique

Abstract: This paper describes a 20-W peak-envelope power linear L-band transmitter based upon the Kahn envelope-elimination-and-restoration technique. A double envelope-feedback loop assures high linearity. The radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier employs a two-stage monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit driver amplifier and a 20-W power amplifier biased for class-AB operation. The class-S modulator includes a high-speed comparator and 1/2-/spl mu/m heterojunction field-effect transistors in its output stage. A double envelope-feedback loop assures both high linearity and time-delay equalization for RF bandwidths to 150 kHz. With a two-tone signal, the transmitter achieves an efficiency of 56% at full power (41 dBm), and 35% at 18 dB into back-off. The third-order intermodulation distortions for a two-tone signal vary from -30 to -40 dBc over a 20-dB range of back-off. For quaternary phase-shift keying, the first and second adjacent-channel powers are -48 and -57 dBc.

Textile fabric with integrated sensing device and clothing fabricated thereof

Abstract: A textile fabric including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers and at least one electronic sensor or a plurality of sensing fibers. The textile fabric is intended for fabrication into a functional article of clothing or other item made of the woven textile fabric, so as to increase functionality of the article of clothing or item made thereof. The fabric is intended to assist a wearer in the monitoring of biomedical information and/or environmental conditions existent upon the wearer. The plurality of electrically conductive fibers and sensing devices are characterized as creating an interconnect to a portable electronic monitoring device, integrated components such as heating and cooling bands, electronics, or the like, or for serving as an antenna for signals received and transmitted between an integrated electronic component and a remote monitoring device.

Medical communication apparatus, system, and method

Abstract: A medical communication apparatus comprises a receiver (54) to receive a message and at least one output device (56) responsive to the receiver (54). The at least one output device (56) generates an alert for taking a first medicine and a second medicine in response to the message, and graphically indicates the first medicine and the second medicine.

Modeling of SiO2 deposition in high density plasma reactors and comparisons of model predictions with experimental measurements

Abstract: High-density-plasma deposition of SiO2 is an important process in integrated circuit manufacturing A list of gas-phase and surface reactions has been compiled for modeling plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 from SiH4, O2, and Ar gas mixtures in high-density-plasma reactors The gas-phase reactions include electron impact, neutral–neutral, ion–ion, and ion–neutral reactions The surface reactions and deposition mechanism is based on insights gained from attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments and includes radical adsorption onto the SiO2 surface, ion-enhanced desorption from the surface layer, radical abstractions, as well as direct ion-energy-dependent sputtering of the oxide film A well-mixed reactor model that consists of mass and energy conservation equations averaged across the reactor volume was used to model three different kinds of high-density plasma deposition chambers Experimental measurements of total ion densities, relative radical dens

Method of forming a three-dimensional integrated inductor

Abstract: A three-dimensional inductor coil is fabricated on top of a semiconductor substrate. The fabrication process includes the steps of depositing a first photoresist layer (406), forming a trench therein, and filling the trench with electroplated metal (404). A second photoresist layer (408) is deposited, and first and second trenches (410) are formed therein and filled with electroplated metal (412). A third photoresist layer (416) is deposited and a trench (418) formed therein, and then filled with electroplated metal (420). The first, second, and third photoresist layers (406, 408, 416) are then removed to expose a multi-loop inductor coil (500, 550).

Design and analysis of power distribution networks in PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessors

Abstract: We present a methodology for the design and analysis of power grids in the PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessors. The methodology covers the need for power grid analysis across all stages of the design process. A case study showing the application of this methodology to the PowerPC/sup TM/ 750 microprocessor is presented.

Minimal tail-biting trellises: the Golay code and more

Abstract: Tail-biting trellis representations of block codes are investigated. We develop some elementary theory, and present several intriguing examples, which we hope will stimulate further developments in this field. In particular, we construct a 16-state 12-section structurally invariant tail-biting trellis for the (24, 12, 8) binary Golay code. This tail-biting trellis representation is minimal: it simultaneously minimizes all conceivable measures of state complexity. Moreover, it compares favorably with the minimal conventional 12-section trellis for the Golay code, which has 256 states at its midpoint, or with the best quasi-cyclic representation of this code, which leads to a 64-state tail-biting trellis. Unwrapping this tail-biting trellis produces a periodically time-varying 16-state rate-1/2 "convolutional Golay code" with d=8, which has attractive performance/complexity properties. We furthermore show that the (6, 3, 4) quaternary hexacode has a minimal 8-state group tail-biting trellis, even though it has no such linear trellis over F/sub 4/. Minimal tail-biting trellises are also constructed for the (8, 4, 4) binary Hamming code, the (4, 2, 3) ternary tetracode, the (4, 2, 3) code over F/sub 4/, and the Z/sub 4/-linear (8. 4, 4) octacode.

Software programmable radio and method for configuring

Abstract: A software programmable radio (200) receives information to configure a reconfigurable resource (208) to perform an operation based on the information. A processor (210) within the reconfigurable resource performs a software program in accordance with the operation, such as a waveform for communicating via a spread spectrum technique. The method includes the steps of checking (304) for a valid license granted to the radio to determine when the radio is authorized for use in the network. A controller (204) configures the radio to perform the operation based on the information.

Circuit for electrostatic discharge protection

Abstract: A circuit (100) ensures electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection during an ESD event. The ESD circuit (100) has a current shunting device (135), a RC trigger circuit (125) and a RC delay circuit (130). The shunting device (135) is connected between two IC power supply rails, and provides the primary current path for a positive ESD event referenced from one power supply rail (V DD 105) to the other (V ss 110). The trigger circuit (125) initially activates the shunting device into a low resistance conductive state in response to an ESD event. The RC delay circuit (130) serves to maintain the shunting device in the conductive state, initially produced by the trigger circuit (125), for the remaining duration of the ESD event. A large capacitor required to achieve the delay time in this RC circuit may be eliminated by utilizing the gate-to-body capacitance in the existing shunting device (135).

Textile fabric with integrated electrically conductive fibers and clothing fabricated thereof

Abstract: A textile fabric including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers characterized as providing sufficient current to induce either a wired or wireless coupling between the textile fabric and a portable electronic device. The textile fabric is intended for fabrication into a functional article of clothing or other item made of the woven textile fabric, so as to increase functionality of the article of clothing or item made thereof. The plurality of electrically conductive fibers are characterized as creating an interconnect to a portable electronic device, including integrated components, electronics, or the like, or serving as an antenna for signals received and transmitted by the portable electronic device.

Multi-chip semiconductor device and method for making the device by using multiple flip chip interfaces

Abstract: A bump-bonded multi-chip flip-chip device (100) is formed by manufacturing a mother chip (102) having a first set (207) of bumps (212) and a second set (209) of bump contacts (210). A daughter chip (104) is also formed which has conductive bumps (312). The daughter chip (104) and the mother chip (102) are placed face-to-face and contact is made between the daughter chips bumps (312) and the mother chips bump contact regions (210). After interconnection of the daughter chip (104) and the mother chip (102), the mother chip (102) is contacted to an IC package (106) using the bumps (212). The package (106) uses a plurality of metallic layers interconnected selectively by conductive vias in order to route signals between the mother chip (102), the daughter chip (104), and external terminals (112) of the package (106).

Wireless battery charging system having adaptive parameter sensing

Abstract: A battery pack (304) and battery charging system (300, 400) provides contactless dynamic battery parameter sensing. A proximity sensor (208) is located in the battery pack (304) to monitor battery parameter measurements taken by battery parameter sensors (206). These battery parameter measurements are transferred to a charger (302) or radio (404) through a wireless link established between an excitation circuit, proximity sensor, and reader. The dynamically measured battery parameter information allows a charger (302) or radio (404) to select or adapt a charging routine based on the battery measurements. The use of a proximity sensor (208) along with battery parameter sensors (206) allow for minimal interface contacts between the radio and charger as well as the radio and battery.

Single account portable wireless financial messaging unit

Abstract: A portable secure financial messaging unit (906) includes a receiver (804) and a selective call decoder (1004). The selective call decoder (1004) has a memory (1010) that includes a single unique selective call address corresponding with a predetermined financial transaction type. An address correlator (830) operates to determine substantial coincidence between the single unique selective call address and a received selective call address corresponding with the predetermined financial transaction type. In response to a coincidence, a main processor (1006) and a financial transaction processor (1004) process received information to effect a financial transaction corresponding with the predetermined financial transaction type.

Peak power and bandwidth efficient linear modulation

Abstract: In portable wireless communication systems, power consumption is of major concern. Traditional modulation and coding schemes have been designed from the standpoint of minimizing average power. However, for linear power amplifiers needed for spectrally efficient modulation formats, amplifier efficiency and hence power consumption are determined by the peak power of the transmitted signal. This paper looks into modulation formats which minimize peak power and retain high spectral efficiency. Peak power is broken into a sum (in terms of decibels) of average power and a peak-to-average power ratio, and a variety of modulation formats are evaluated in terms of peak power efficiency in both a Gaussian noise and Rayleigh fading channel. A generalized phase shift keying (PSK) modulation format is developed and shown to offer superior peak power efficiency relative to that of commonly used linear modulation formats. Two schemes are presented for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio of various modulation formats. First, data translation codes are used to avoid data sequences which cause large peaks in the transmitted signal. This approach was found to be most productive in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats. Finally, an adaptive peak suppression algorithm is presented which further reduces the peak-to-average power ratios of the PSK and generalized PSK formats. The peak suppression algorithm is also applicable to /spl pi//4-QPSK and was found to improve peak power efficiency of that format by about 1.25 dB over a Rayleigh fading channel.