Showing papers by "Motorola published in 2000"

The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract: The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.

Using Second-Order Power Analysis to Attack DPA Resistant Software

Abstract: Under a simple power leakage model based on Hamming weight, a software implementation of a data-whitening routine is shown to be vulnerable to a first-order Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attack. This routine is modified to resist the first-order DPA attack, but is subsequently shown to be vulnerable to a second-order DPA attack. A second-order DPA attack that is optimal under certain assumptions is also proposed. Experimental results in an ST16 smartcard confirm the practicality of the first and second-order DPA attacks.

A space-frequency transmitter diversity technique for OFDM systems

Abstract: A transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications over frequency selective fading channels is presented. The proposed technique utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to transform a frequency selective fading channel into multiple flat fading subchannels on which space-frequency processing is applied. Simulation results verify that in a slow fading environment the proposed space-frequency OFDM (SF-OFDM) transmitter diversity technique has the same performance as a previously reported space-time OFDM (ST-OFDM) transmitter diversity system but shows better performance in the more difficult fast fading environments. Other implementation advantages of SF-OFDM over the ST-OFDM transmitter diversity technique are also discussed.

Mobile phone location determination and its impact on intelligent transportation systems

Abstract: Research and development on the technologies of locating the mobile (wireless) phone caller have been rapidly gaining momentum around the world. Once these technologies are mature enough to be deployed, they will have significant impact on automotive telematics and modern public transit systems. In this paper, we discuss why locating mobile phones becomes a hot topic among telecommunications giants, what technologies are being studied and standardized, when we are going to see the actual deployment, and what services they may provide? We then consider its potential impact on future intelligent transportation systems, including telematics and public transit systems. Many of us have already recognized how important a role the communications systems play in modern transportation. In the near future, if every mobile phone is able to determine its location, advances in our current transportation systems become inevitable.

Empirical studies of software engineering: a roadmap

Abstract: In this article we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of empirical research in software engineering. We argue that in order to improve the current situation we must create better studies and draw more credible interpretations from them. We finally present a roadmap for this improvement, which includes a general structure for software empirical studies and concrete steps for achieving these goals: designing better studies, collecting data more effectively, and involving others in our empirical enterprises.

Contactless battery charger with wireless control link

Abstract: In a contactless charging system charging energy is transferred across an inductive coupler to charge a battery ( 21 ) of a portable device, such as a two-way radio, cellular phone, paging device, or wireless communicator. The inductive coupler also provides a way for communicating at least one signal, such as to improve the charging process and the transfer of charging energy. Charging efficiency is improved by voltage regulation using feedback through the inductive coupler, or via a wireless RF link, and a controller ( 11 ) in-circuit with the primary side ( 12 ) of the inductive coupler. The controller ( 11 ) may communicate information signals via inductive coupling, or via a wireless RF link, for communicating with other devices such as smart cards and microphones or for control or data transfer.

Wireless device having context-based operational behavior

Abstract: A wireless device uses profiles associated with one or more contexts, which defines various operating situations. Depending on a context, the wireless device changes its operational behavior in accordance with a defined profile, when a context parameter changes. Among other things, the context can correspond to a wireless device location, user age, skill, or gender, or ambient environmental factors, such as temperature. For example, based on a profile associated with a location, the wireless device can change its operational behavior relative to sharing resources with other devices.

Securing the AES Finalists Against Power Analysis Attacks

Abstract: Techniques to protect software implementations of the AES candidate algorithms from power analysis attacks are investigated. New countermeasures that employ random masks are developed and the performance characteristics of these countermeasures are analyzed. Implementations in a 32-bit, ARM-based smartcard are considered.

Method for fabricating a semiconductor structure including a metal oxide interface with silicon

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor structure including the steps of providing a silicon substrate (10) having a surface (12), forming on the surface (12) of the silicon substrate (10), by atomic layer deposition (ALD), a seed layer (20;20') characterised by a silicate material and forming, by atomic layer deposition (ALD) one or more layers of a high dielectric constant oxide (40) on the seed layer (20;20').

Secure wireless electronic-commerce system with digital product certificates and digital license certificates

Abstract: A wireless electronic commerce system (10) comprising a wireless gateway (18) to a wireless network (19) with which a wireless device (11) having a unique client identifier (ID) is capable of communicating. A server (15) or servers (15 and 16) is/are coupleable to the wireless gateway, delivering content items (e.g. software products) to the wireless device (11) and maintaining digital content certificates for content items and digital license certificates for licenses for the content items. The server maintains, for each wireless client associated with the system, a record of licenses for that client and a record of content items associated with each license.

Recent developments in magnetic tunnel junction MRAM

Abstract: We summarize our progress on Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) based on Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ). We have demonstrated MTJ material in the 1-1000 k/spl Omega/-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ range with MR values above 40%. The switching characteristics are mainly governed by the magnetic shape anisotropy that arises from the element boundaries. The switching repeatability, as well as hard axis selectability, are shown to be dependent on both shape and aspect ratio. MTJ memory elements were successfully integrated with 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, achieving read and program address access times of 14 ns in a 256/spl times/2 MRAM.

Method and apparatus for providing navigational services in a wireless communication device

Abstract: An internet radio for portable applications and uses such as in an automobile enables providing navigational services to be provided to a wireless communication device, and comprises the steps of providing a user interface in said wireless communication device for providing navigational services to a user; downloading updated navigational data from a remote network; and providing navigational services based upon said updated navigational data. Customized information is also communicated to the radio such as stock quotes, travel information, advertising, and e-mail. Onboard global positioning allows for channel updating by location, traffic information, geographic advertising and available similar content.

A method and apparatus for saving enhanced information contained in content sent to a wireless communication device

Abstract: An internet radio for portable applications and uses such as in an automobile enables saving enhanced information contained in content sent to a wireless communication device to be saved, and comprises the steps of transmitting content to said wireless communication device; transmitting enhanced information related to said content to said wireless communication device; detecting the selection by a user to receive the enhanced information; and transmitting the enhanced information to the user. Customized information is also communicated to the radio such as stock quotes, travel information, advertising, and e-mail. Onboard global positioning allows for channel updating by location, traffic information, geographic advertising and available similar content.

Remotely configurable multimedia entertainment and information system with location based advertising

Abstract: An Internet (280) radio for portable applications and uses such as in an automobile (184). The Internet (280) radio allows access to a host of audio, visual and other information. Normal radio function is provided along with programmable content and channel selection (162), as well as automatic content and channel updating by location and style. Internet access is also provided. Direct or targeted advertising, as well as electronic commerce is supported. Connection to the Internet (280) is through wireless communications (210). Programmability is achieved off-line via a web page and remote computer (206). Customized information is also communicated to the radio such as stock quotes, travel information, advertising, and e-mail. Onboard global positioning (110) allows for channel (162) updating by location, traffic information, geographic advertising and available similar content.

Methods of using wireless geolocation to customize content and delivery of information to wireless communication devices

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for finding the location of a mobile device user, and using the location to customize the information and to determine the way of delivering such information to the user. The mobile device user may request the information either with an interactive series of one or more requests, or by pre-selecting the type of message to be delivered. The customized information is transmitted only to the mobile device from which the request is originated. It can also be displayed at a public display unit (such as an electronic billboard), sent to a public broadcaster, posted on the Internet, or sent to a fax machine or a modem. The present invention also provides a method for determining traffic density and speed information that can be continuously updated. The traffic information together with a variety of traffic services can be transmitted to mobile devices users, displayed at inanimate devices (such as electronic billboards), publicly boradcasted, or posted on the Internet.

System and method for storing and using information associated with geographic locations of interest to a mobile user

Abstract: A system (10) for storing and using information associated with geographic locations of interest to a mobile user comprises a mobile apparatus (100) and a remote apparatus (200). The mobile apparatus accepts and transmits information associated with a mobile user's geographic position. The remote apparatus (200) receives the transmitted information, stores the information along with data indicative of the position and time as a waypoint, and allows the user to retrieve and manipulate waypoints. The system is preferably realized as a vehicle information system (20) that allows a vehicle user to store waypoints descriptive of different locations encountered during travel. Each waypoint includes the geographic position of its corresponding location, the time, and may include appended information such as a voice message or a picture. The waypoints are stored in a remote server accessible from both the vehicle and an auxiliary apparatus such as a standard telephone (310) or a personal computer (330). After retrieving a stored waypoint, the user has a number of options, such as receiving navigation instructions, modifying the information associated with the waypoint, and sharing the waypoint with a third party. A method (600) efficiently implements the aforementioned functions and other convenient features.

Method for informing a user of a communication device where to obtain a product and communication system employing same

Abstract: A communication system ( 100 ) employs a method for informing a user of a communication device (e.g., 101 ) where to obtain a product. The communication system determines an approximate location of the communication device and whether a particular requested product or one or more other potentially desirable products are available in a general vicinity of the device. When the particular or potentially desirable product is so available, a context engine server ( 109 ) of the communication system conveys a product information request and optionally other purchaser-related information to multiple product providers ( 120 ). The context engine server receives responses to the product information request from at least some of the product providers, wherein at least some of the responses preferably include offers to pay respective advertising fees. The context engine server generates a list of product providers based on the responses and provides the list to the communication device for display to the device user.

A hierarchical approach to color image segmentation using homogeneity

Abstract: In this paper, a novel hierarchical approach to color image segmentation is studied. We extend the general idea of a histogram to the homogeneity domain. In the first phase of the segmentation, uniform regions are identified via multilevel thresholding on a homogeneity histogram. While we process the homogeneity histogram, both local and global information is taken into consideration. This is particularly helpful in taking care of small objects and local variation of color images. An efficient peak-finding algorithm is employed to identify the most significant peaks of the histogram. In the second phase, we perform histogram analysis on the color feature hue for each uniform region obtained in the first phase. We successfully remove about 99.7% singularity off the original images by redefining the hue values for the unstable points according to the local information. After the hierarchical segmentation is performed, a region merging process is employed to avoid over-segmentation. CIE(L*a*b*) color space is used to measure the color difference. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method after an extensive set of color images was tested.

Secure wireless electronic-commerce system with wireless network domain

Abstract: A method of conducting transactions in a wireless electronic commerce system, where the system comprises a wireless network operator certification authority (15) having a root public key certificate and at least one attribute authority (404, 405, 406) having a digital certificate that is dependent from the root public key certificate. The attribute authority is accessible by a wireless client device (11) via a wireless network. The digital certificate is delivered from the attribute authority to the wireless device, the attribute authority is verified to the wireless client device using the digital certificate and the root public key certificate preloaded in the wireless client device under authority of the wireless network operator. An attribute (software, service, right/permission or other content item) is delivered to the wireless client device over the wireless network and ultimately enabled at the wireless client device.

Instant message user location tracking system

Abstract: In an Internet system having instant message capability each of the plurality of users is provided with a wired or wireless device The wireless device transmits location data indicating its location or status update messages based on its location to an instant message server In this invention a wireless device or server associates the location data with status update messages indicating the status and/or location of the users carrying the wireless devices in accordance with the received location information The instant messages are then transmitted by the instant message server to other users of the instant message system

Markup language for interactive services and methods thereof

Abstract: The present invention relates to a markup language to provide interactive services. A markup language document in accordance with the present invention includes a dialog element including a plurality of markup language elements. Each of the plurality of markup language elements is identifiable by at least one markup tag. A step element is contained within the dialog element to define a state within the dialog element. The step element includes a prompt element and an input element. The prompt element includes an announcement to be read to the user. The input element includes at least one input that corresponds to a user input. A method in accordance with the present invention includes the steps of creating a markup language document having a plurality of elements, selecting a prompt element, and defining a voice communication in the prompt element to be read to the user. The method further includes the steps of selecting an input element and defining an input variable to store data inputted by the user.

A space-time coded transmitter diversity technique for frequency selective fading channels

Abstract: A simple space-time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications over frequency selective fading channels is presented. The proposed technique utilizes OFDM to transform frequency selective fading channels into multiple flat fading subchannels on which space-time coding is applied. A two-branch transmitter diversity system is implemented without bandwidth expansion and with a small increase in complexity beyond that of a conventional OFDM system. Simulations verify that the two-branch transmitter diversity system achieves a diversity gain equivalent to that of the optimal maximal ratio combining (MRC) receiver diversity system.

A low power unified cache architecture providing power and performance flexibility (poster session)

Abstract: Advances in technology have allowed portable electronic devices to become smaller and more complex, placing stringent power and performance requirements on the devices components. The M7CORE M3 architecture was developed specifically for these embedded applications. To address the growing need for longer battery life and higher performance, an 8-Kbyte, 4-way set-associative, unified (instruction and data) cache with pro-grammable features was added to the M3 core. These features allow the architecture to be optimized based on the applications requirements. In this paper, we focus on the features of the M340 cache sub-system and illustrate the effect on power and perfor-mance through benchmark analysis and actual silicon measure-ments.

Ordering and Self-organization in Nanocrystalline Silicon

Abstract: The spontaneous formation of organized nanocrystals in semiconductors has been observed1,2,3,4,5 during heteroepitaxial growth and chemical synthesis. The ability to fabricate size-controlled silicon nanocrystals encapsulated by insulating SiO2 would be of significant interest to the microelectronics industry. But reproducible manufacture of such crystals is hampered by the amorphous nature of SiO2 and the differing thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials. Previous attempts6,7,8,9,10 to fabricate Si nanocrystals failed to achieve control over their shape and crystallographic orientation, the latter property being important in systems such as Si quantum dots. Here we report the self-organization of Si nanocrystals larger than 80 A into brick-shaped crystallites oriented along the 〈111〉 crystallographic direction. The nanocrystals are formed by the solid-phase crystallization of nanometre-thick layers of amorphous Si confined between SiO2 layers. The shape and orientation of the crystallites results in relatively narrow photoluminescence, whereas isotropic particles produce qualitatively different, broad light emission. Our results should aid the development of maskless, reproducible Si nanofabrication techniques.

GPS GDOP metric

Abstract: The authors present a review of the GDOP metric as used in GPS. Their goal is to review this metric and many of its known bounds as well as to report some new results. They use a formal linear algebraic framework to aid further study and insight.

A method and apparatus for remotely configuring a wireless communication device

Abstract: An internet radio for portable applications and uses such as in an automobile enables remotely configuring a wireless communication device comprising the steps of remotely configuring a format for providing content on said wireless communication device for a first user; remotely configuring a second format for providing content on said wireless communication device for a second user; receiving configuration data representing said format for said first user and said format for said second user from a remote network; and providing selected content from content downloaded from said network. Customized information is also communicated to the radio such as stock quotes, travel information, advertising, and e-mail. Onboard global positioning allows for channel updating by location, traffic information, geographic advertising and available similar content.

Towards a tool for the Subjective Assessment of Speech System Interfaces (SASSI)

Abstract: Applications of speech recognition are now widespread, but user-centred evaluation methods are necessary to ensure their success. Objective evaluation techniques are fairly well established, but previous subjective techniques have been unstructured and unproven. This paper reports on the first stage in the development of a questionnaire measure for the Subjective Assessment of Speech System Interfaces (SASSI). The aim of the research programme is to produce a valid, reliable and sensitive measure of users' subjective experiences with speech recognition systems. Such a technique could make an important contribution to theory and practice in the design and evaluation of speech recognition systems according to best human factors practice. A prototype questionnaire was designed, based on established measures for evaluating the usability of other kinds of user interface, and on a review of the research literature into speech system design. This consisted of 50 statements with which respondents rated their level of agreement. The questionnaire was given to users of four different speech applications, and Exploratory Factor Analysis of 214 completed questionnaires was conducted. This suggested the presence of six main factors in users' perceptions of speech systems: System Response Accuracy, Likeability, Cognitive Demand, Annoyance, Habitability and Speed. The six factors have face validity, and a reasonable level of statistical reliability. The findings form a useful theoretical and practical basis for the subjective evaluation of any speech recognition interface. However, further work is recommended, to establish the validity and sensitivity of the approach, before a final tool can be produced which warrants general use.

Parametric process optimization to improve the accuracy of rapid prototyped stereolithography parts

Abstract: The functional requirements of a rapid prototyping system are speed and accuracy, and they are both functions of vendor defaulted and user selected manufacturing parameters. Accuracy is evaluated by dimensional errors, form errors and surface roughness of manufactured parts. A specially designed specimen with 20 dimensional, geometrical, and surface roughness features has been used in the inspection of RP manufacturing processes. In terms of Taguchi experimental design techniques, an orthogonal array of experiments has been developed which has the least number of experimental runs and desired process parameter settings. Using a 3-D coordinate measuring machine and surface profilometer, a series of measurements in evaluating the SLA parts quality has been conducted to find the functional relationships between the output part quality and input manufacturing process parameters. Two analysis tools, response surface methodology and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), have been used to evaluate the SLA RP process and to perform the product optimization. The optimal setups of SLA manufacturing parameters for both individual features and a general part with various features have been concluded from this study.

A fully integrated 0.5-5.5 GHz CMOS distributed amplifier

Abstract: A fully integrated 0.5-5.5-GHz CMOS-distributed amplifier is presented. The amplifier is a four stage design fabricated in a standard 0.6-/spl mu/m three-layer metal digital-CMOS process. The amplifier has a unity-gain cutoff frequency of 5.5 GHz, and a gain of 6.5 dB, with a gain flatness of /spl plusmn/1.2 dB over the 0.5-4 GHz band. Input and output are matched to 50 /spl Omega/, with worst-case return losses on the input and output of -7 and -10 dB, respectively. Power dissipation is 83.4 mW from a 3.0 V supply, input-referred 1-dB compression point varies from +6 dBm at 1 GHz to 8.8 dBm at 5 GHz. From a circuit standpoint, the fully integrated nature of the amplifier on the given substrate results in a heavily parasitic-laden design. Discussion emphasis is therefore placed on the practical design, modeling, and CAD optimization techniques used in the design process.