Showing papers by "Motorola published in 2021"

Computer vision applied to dual-energy computed tomography images for precise calcinosis cutis quantification in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Abstract: Although treatments have been proposed for calcinosis cutis (CC) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), a standardized and validated method for CC burden quantification is necessary to enable valid clinical trials. We tested the hypothesis that computer vision applied to dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) finger images is a useful approach for precise and accurate CC quantification in SSc patients. De-identified 2-dimensional (2D) DECT images from SSc patients with clinically evident lesser finger CC lesions were obtained. An expert musculoskeletal radiologist confirmed accurate manual segmentation (subtraction) of the phalanges for each image as a gold standard, and a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) computer vision model for segmentation of healthy phalanges was developed and tested. A validation study was performed in an independent dataset whereby two independent radiologists manually measured the longest length and perpendicular short axis of each lesion and then calculated an estimated area by assuming the lesion was elliptical using the formula long axis/2 × short axis/2 × π, and a computer scientist used a region growing technique to calculate the area of CC lesions. Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and a Bland-Altman plot (Stata V 15.1, College Station, TX) were used to test for equivalence between the radiologists’ and the CNN algorithm-generated area estimates. Forty de-identified 2D DECT images from SSc patients with clinically evident finger CC lesions were obtained and divided into training (N = 30 with image rotation × 3 to expand the set to N = 120) and test sets (N = 10). In the training set, five hundred epochs (iterations) were required to train the CNN algorithm to segment phalanges from adjacent CC, and accurate segmentation was evaluated using the ten held-out images. To test model performance, CC lesional area estimates calculated by two independent radiologists and a computer scientist were compared (radiologist 1 vs. radiologist 2 and radiologist 1 vs. computer vision approach) using an independent test dataset comprised of 31 images (8 index finger and 23 other fingers). For the two radiologists’, and the radiologist vs. computer vision measurements, Spearman’s rho was 0.91 and 0.94, respectively, both p < 0.0001; Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.98, p < 0.001) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.99, p < 0.001); and Bland-Altman plots demonstrated a mean difference between radiologist vs. radiologist, and radiologist vs. computer vision area estimates of − 0.5 mm2 (95% limits of agreement − 10.0–9.0 mm2) and 1.7 mm2 (95% limits of agreement − 6.0–9.5 mm2, respectively. We demonstrate that CNN quantification has a high degree of correlation with expert radiologist measurement of finger CC area measurements. Future work will include segmentation of 3-dimensional (3D) images for volumetric and density quantification, as well as validation in larger, independent cohorts.

A Machine Learning Approach for CQI Feedback Delay in 5G and Beyond 5G Networks

Abstract: 5G and Beyond 5G Networks apply Adaptive Modulation and Coding to adjust the downlink modulation order and coding rate according to the channel condition, reported by the user equipment. However, the delay incurred in this feedback process may make the channel quality indicator (CQI) outdated and cause severe degradation in the user communication. This paper proposes a machine learning-based approach to deal with the outdated CQI problem. It takes into account the UE context, current signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and the delay length to compute the updated SINR to be translated into a CQI value. Our proposal acts as a multi-variable function and runs at the UE side, neither requiring any modifications in the signalling between the 5G base station (gNB) and the UE nor overcharging the gNB. Results in terms of mean squared error (MSE) by using 5G network simulation data show its high accuracy and feasibility to be adopted in 5G networks.

UI Test case prioritization on an industrial setting: A search for the best criteria

Abstract: This work was developed in an industrial setting towards UI regression testing, where we do not have access to source code and the majority of test cases are manually executed (and only part of the regression-based test cases can be executed due to limited resources). Test case prioritization (TCP) is indicated for such a scenario. But characteristic of many TCP techniques is that they rely on source code coverage information, whereas we just have access to test cases, change requests, and their features. Thus, our goal is to investigate which criteria is the most relevant for prioritization. Thus, according to the literature we create an optimization model based on historical data. This model is embedded in a constraint solver designed for optimization. Our optimization function is based on the APFD (Average of the Percentage of Faults Detected) metric, but other metrics can be used as well. We have found that our partner already uses an appropriate criterion to identify failures which is statistically equivalent to other criteria used in experiments using our optimization model.

Authentication Mechanisms in the 5G System

Abstract: The 5G system introduces multiple new authentication mechanisms. The initial 5G specification in 3GPP Release 15 defines the initial security solution including primary and secondary authentication. Further enhancements and additional security features are added in Release 16; some of them introduce new types of authentication. As a result, the scope and meaning of ‘authentication’ has expanded. This is a new trend in the 5G system as it introduces new concepts that did not exist in the preceding generation systems. One such example is the slice authentication for which the authentication is performed at the network slice level. As a result, the authentication mechanisms become more complex. This paper clarifies the details of each of these different authentication mechanisms.

Displaying Sensitive Content Based On Whether Others Are Around User

Abstract: A sensitive content display control system determines whether to display sensitive content on a computing device display, such as on a lock screen. The system attempts to authenticate a user of the computing device, and does not display the sensitive content if the user is not authenticated. If the user is authenticated, then the system determines whether anyone in addition to the user is looking at the computing device display. If the user is authenticated and no one else is looking at the computing device display, then the sensitive content is displayed. However, if the user is authenticated and at least one additional person is looking at the computing device display, then the sensitive content is not displayed.

Claim a shareable device for personalized interactive session

Abstract: In aspects of shareable devices, a shareable device implements a device sharing module that can recognize a user intends to claim the shareable device for temporary use. For instance, the device sharing module can determine that multiple users are present within a distance threshold of the shareable device and identify one of the users as intending to claim the shareable device. The device sharing module can then authenticate the identified user to the shareable device, without requiring user input, to enable claiming of the shareable device. The shareable device can obtain personalized content associated with the identified user for use on the shareable device. The device sharing module can then establish an interactive session which enables the identified user to access the personalized content through applications and services available on the shareable device.

Method for antenna selection for concurrent independent transmissions via multiple antennas

Abstract: A communication device has a controller that selects one of a second antenna and at least one alternate second antenna for concurrent transmission with a first antenna. The controller monitors concurrent communication activity of the first and the second transmitter. Based on the concurrent communication activity, the controller identifies respective transmit power limits associated with intermodulation distortion (IMD) for the first antenna transmitting at the first transmit frequency and one of the second antenna and the at least one alternate second antenna transmitting at the second transmit frequency and having respective antenna isolation levels to the first antenna. The controller identifies, available total radiated power (TRP), respectively, for the second antenna and the at least one alternate second antenna and connects the second transmitter to one of the second antenna and the at least one alternate second antenna having the highest available TRP to optimize communication performance.

Method and apparatus for application data path selection on dual SIM device

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes at least two SIMs, including a first SIM and a second SIM. The device includes a memory storing multiple mobile applications for performing data operations. The device includes a processor coupled to each of the at least two SIMs, and the memory. The processor executes program code that enables the device to: select a mobile application to run. The program code further enables the wireless communication device to: identify a user-created setting that specifies one of the at least two SIMs as a preferred SIM to which the selected mobile application is assigned. The program code further enables the wireless communication device to: channel data operations associated with the selected mobile application to a data path of the preferred SIM specified in the user-created setting.

Process based antenna configuration

Abstract: Techniques for process based antenna configuration are described, and may be implemented via a wireless device to identify different usage scenarios and to adapt antenna configurations to optimize wireless performance based on the scenarios. For instance, the described techniques enable a wireless device to be calibrated for wireless communication by identifying different obstruction states of a wireless device that correspond to ways that the wireless device is held (e.g., grasped) by a user in different scenarios. The obstruction states are then correlated to antenna positions in the wireless device to prioritize (e.g., activate) antennas that are relatively unobstructed, such as by activating unobstructed antennas and/or deactivating obstructed antennas. Further, calibration can take into specific processes (e.g., applications) and specific users to calibrate an optimize wireless performance based on ways in which a user typically interacts with a process.

Processing user input received during a display orientation change of a mobile device

Abstract: A method, a mobile device, and a computer program product for processing user input received during a display orientation change of a mobile device. The method includes determining if touch screen data is received during a re-orientation of a display of the mobile device from a first mode to a second mode. In response to determining that touch screen data was received during the re-orientation, the method further includes identifying whether the touch screen data includes at least one user interface action having a corresponding response by/on the mobile device. In response to the touch screen data including the at least one user interface action and in response to completion of a re-orientation of the display of the mobile device from the first mode to the second mode, the at least one user interface action is executed to trigger the corresponding response by/on the mobile device.

Electronic device that limits electromagnetic emissions from multiple batteries

Abstract: An electronic device, method, and computer program product enable limiting electromagnetic emissions from current between batteries. A first battery is positioned proximal to an earpiece speaker within the electronic device. At least one second battery is positioned at a different location within the electronic device that is not proximal to the earpiece speaker. A controller is electrically connected to a switch that is electrically connected in-line with the first battery. The controller selectively toggles the switch between first and second switches state. The controller initiates activation of a first software mode of the electronic device corresponding to operation of the earpiece speaker. In response to detecting the activation, the controller toggles the switch to the first switch state in which the switch limits current drawn from the first battery while the electronic device is in the first software mode, thus reducing baseband electromagnetic emissions emanating from the first battery.

Electronic device that utilizes eye position detection for audio adjustment

Abstract: An electronic device, method, and computer program product provide audio adjustment. The electronic device receives an image captured by an image capturing device and identifies a face within the image. A controller of the electronic device determines an eye pointing direction normal to the face and relative to an orientation of the electronic device. The controller determines respective distances from first and the second audio output devices of the electronic device to at least one of a right and a left ear of the face based on the eye pointing direction. The controller adjusts respective acoustic output levels of the first and the second audio output devices to make an audio adjustment in relation to, and to compensate for a difference in, the respective distances from the first and the second audio output devices to the at least one of the right and the left ears of the face.

Content extension on curved glass

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for displaying content on a mobile electronic communications device having a curved display surface that includes a front screen area and a plurality of edge screen areas. By way of example, the described techniques may entail determining whether the content is suitable for display on both the front screen area and the plurality of edge screen areas, displaying unsuitable content only on the front screen area and displaying suitable content on both the front screen area and the plurality of edge screen areas when the plurality of edge screen areas are unobstructed, and otherwise, displaying the suitable content on only the front screen area.

Splitting input/output functions between multiple communication devices

Abstract: A method, a data processing system (DPS) and a computer program product for splitting input/output (I/O) functions between several network-connected communication devices and the DPS. The method includes receiving, via a processor of a computing system, a first request for a first session from a first communication device, initiating the first session and receiving a second request for shared access to the first session from a second communication device. The method further includes initiating concurrent access to the first session for the second communication device and generating shared output data for the first session. The method further includes splitting the shared output data into first partial output data for the first communication device and second partial output data for the second communication device. The method further includes transmitting the first partial output data to the first communication device and transmitting the second partial output data to the second communication device.

Community development for improved housing, health equity, and education in rural Honduras.

Abstract: This paper describes an international, long-term, population health project in rural Honduras among Mayan villagers, focused on collaboration, community building, partnership formation, and improvement of their living situation. Improved housing, health checks, education for their children, and clean water were chosen by the Honduran residents as the projects they thought were most important to improve their health and living conditions. During the short mission trips, the North Americans (NAs) and the villagers worked side-by-side on house building and participated in village life. The Hondurans organized into communities that mutually decided on which families received homes and together worked on each other's homes with the NAs' assistance. Nurse-led health clinics and scholarships for students were provided by the visitors during their time in the villages. Health has improved from better housing and periodic health checks, and most significantly, sustainable community organizing occurred. Public Health Nurses can work towards health equity and population health improvement by basing efforts on what the community partners request and create outcomes through relationships with those who stand to benefit from the improvement.

A Conformance Testing Methodology and System for Cognitive Radios

Abstract: The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks has started its operation in some countries and is aimed at meeting demands beyond the current system capabilities such as the huge amount of connected devices from IoT applications (e.g., smart cities), explosive growth of high-speed mobile data traffic (e.g., ultrahigh definition video streaming), and ultrareliable and low latency communication (e.g., autonomous vehicle). To attend to these needs, the electromagnetic spectrum must be made available, but the static spectrum allocation policy has caused a spectrum shortage and impaired the employment/expansion of the wireless systems. To overcome this issue, the dynamic spectrum access (DSA) has been promoted in 5G/6G networks, which is enabled by the cognitive radio (CR) technology. Although diverse mechanisms have been developed to tackle the challenges that emerge in different CR layers/functionalities, a standardized testing methodology and system for CR is still immature. Existing standards or methodologies and systems for CR only focus on the definition of network technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.22 and IEEE 802.11af), performance evaluation of CR algorithms/mechanisms, or definition of the device cognition level via performance results or psychometric approaches, not covering systems/methodologies to verify if the device meets the CR capabilities and regulatory policies, neglecting the conformance testing. In this respect, this paper proposes a flexible methodology and system for CR conformance testing under two perspectives, functionalities and limits. We instantiate it by using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) software-defined radio platform and present a proof-of-concept with a conformance metric. The results show the feasibility of our proposal.

Method and apparatus for monitoring physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for reducing a latency of communications

Abstract: A resource allocation assignment for a set of scheduled TTIs can be received from a network in a first TTI belonging to the set of scheduled TTIs. A first set of resources for receiving a first portion and a second set of resources for receiving a second portion of a first downlink user data in the first TTI can be determined based on the resource allocation assignment. The first downlink user data corresponding to at least a first transport block in the first and the second set of resources can be received. A third set of resources for receiving a first portion and a fourth set of resources for receiving a second portion of a second downlink user data in a second TTI belonging to the set of scheduled TTIs can be determined based on the resource allocation assignment. The second downlink user data corresponding to at least a second transport block in the third and the fourth set of resources can be received.

Method and apparatus for disabling a carrier eSIM profile

Abstract: A default modem configuration can be stored in a memory. A wireless communication carrier modem configuration corresponding to a wireless communication carrier eSIM profile can be applied to a modem. Wireless communication signals can be communicated with a wireless wide area network via the modem using the wireless communication carrier modem configuration. An input disabling the wireless communication carrier eSIM profile can be received. The wireless communication carrier modem configuration corresponding to the wireless communication carrier eSIM profile in the modem can be deactivated in response to receiving the input disabling the wireless communication carrier eSIM profile. The default modem configuration can be applied to the modem in response to receiving the input disabling the wireless communication carrier eSIM profile. Wireless communication signals can be communicated via the modem using the default modem configuration.

Optimal Device Position for Wireless Communication

Abstract: Techniques for optimal device position for wireless communication are described, and may be implemented via a mobile device to identify an orientation in which to place a mobile device to achieve optimum wireless signal. Generally, the described techniques enable the mobile device to be dynamically calibrated for wireless communication by identifying signal attributes at multiple different device positions, and enabling the mobile device to be placed at a position that exhibits optimum wireless signal. Further, calibration can take into account multiple different antennas on the mobile device, and wireless signal attributes detected at each individual antenna.

Identifying a live person on a phone call

Abstract: A method, a communication device, and a computer program product for identifying a live phone call. The method includes receiving, at a first communication device, an activation of a verification mode for a phone call. The method includes receiving, from a second communication device on the phone call, first audio data associated with the phone call. The method further includes determining, via a processor of the first communication device, if the first audio data contains machine originated audio, and in response to determining that the first audio data does not contain machine originated audio , generating and outputting an alert that the phone call is live.

Methods and systems for fingerprint sensor triggered voice interaction in an electronic device

Abstract: An electronic device includes an audio capture device operable to receive audio input, a fingerprint sensor operable to receive fingerprint data, and one or more processors, operable with the audio capture device and the fingerprint sensor. The fingerprint sensor can authenticate a person as an authorized user of an electronic device while device commands are being received in the form of audio input to allow for secure voice interactions without requiring a trigger phrase. The fingerprint sensor can be used in combination with the receipt of voice input to perform two-factor authentication. The fingerprint sensor and audio capture device can be used in combination to enroll, or update enrollment, of a user interacting with a voice assistant as well.

Synchronizing notifications with media playback

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an ability to synchronize notifications with media playback. In one or more embodiments, when a user is consuming content, such as music, television, a game, an audible notification can be synchronized with the user's content consumption experience. For example, various embodiments can detect what type of content the user is consuming and changes in the content. For example, when the content is music, various embodiments can detect when the music changes or stops, and can then provide audible notifications to the user. Audible notifications can pertain to notifications associated with incoming messages, calls, and other information such as passive assistance notifications.

Speech recognition system providing seclusion for private speech transcription and private data retrieval

Abstract: A method includes receiving a voice input via a microphone of an electronic device, and determining whether the voice input contains speech from an authorized user of the electronic device or speech from an unauthorized user. The method includes in response to determining that the voice input contains speech from the authorized user: determining whether the speech contains private speech or public speech; in response to determining that the speech contains private speech, processing the voice input through a local automatic speech recognition (ASR) engine within the electronic device, the local ASR engine converting the voice input from audio format to text format and outputting a text transcription of the private speech; and in response to determining that the speech does not contain private speech, forwarding the voice input through a communication interface associated with a network-connected external device for processing the voice input at the network-connected external device.

Method and apparatus for communicating a transport block in an unlicensed uplink transmission on a wireless network

Abstract: A method and apparatus communicate a transport block in an unlicensed uplink transmission on a wireless network. Downlink Control Information (DCI) can be received on a control channel. The DCI can schedule an unlicensed uplink (UL) transmission for a UE. The DCI can include a field that indicates whether the UE should apply a scaling factor when determining a Transport Block Size (TBS). A transport block can be transmitted in the unlicensed UL transmission based on the received DCI.

Managing notifications on curved glass in table mode

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing notifications on a mobile electronic communication device having a front screen display surface and a plurality of edge screen display surfaces when the mobile electronic communication device is located on a flat surface. By way of example, a technique entails determining whether the mobile electronic communication device is positioned face down, displaying the notification on the front screen display surface when the mobile electronic communication device is not face down, and otherwise, if the user lies in a particular edge direction relative to the mobile electronic communication device, displaying the notification on at least one of the plurality of the edge screen display surfaces visible to the user.

Low-cost method for selectively reducing switch loss

Abstract: A method includes identifying a first output terminal of a radio frequency front end (RFFE) switch including a single pole input terminal and a number (N) of output terminals, the first output terminal selectively connected to a single RF band path. Each of the N output terminals is a component of a respective one of N throws of the RFFE switch, with N being greater than one. The N output terminals include the first output terminal corresponding to a first throw of the N throws and at least one additional output terminal not connected to any radio frequency (RF) band path. The at least one additional output terminal includes a second output terminal corresponding to a second throw of the N throws. The method includes forming a parallel connection between the single pole input terminal and the single RF band path. The parallel connection provides at least two parallel branches for routing RF signals being transceived between the single pole input terminal and the single RF band path.

Delivering information to a non-active user of a communication device

Abstract: A method, a computing system, and a computer program product for sending a message to a non-active user of a first communication device. The method includes receiving, via a processor of a computing system, a message for a non-active user of a first communication device. The first communication device is associated with an active user and the non-active user. The method further includes receiving, from the first communication device, user presence data for the non-active user and for the active user and determining, based on the user presence data, if the non-active user is in proximity to the first communication device. In response to determining that the non-active user is in proximity to the first communication device, the first communication device is designated as a recipient communication device to deliver the message to the non-active user and the message is delivered, via the first communication device, to the non-active user.

Managing FTM Frames of WLAN RTT Bursts

Abstract: In aspects of managing FTM frames of WLAN RTT bursts, a device can receive a WLAN RTT burst, such as initiated by a device application, device firmware, or received as a RTT ranging request. The device implements a status module that interposes the routing of the ranging request in the device, and determines a device state of the device with a device state monitor of the status module. The status module is implemented to drop the ranging request if the device is an idle device state such that the ranging request is extraneous. Alternatively, the status module is implemented to reduce a number of FTM frames in the ranging request based on the device state indicating that multiple FTM frames of the ranging request are extraneous, and then route to perform the ranging request of the WLAN RTT burst with the reduced number of FTM frames in the ranging request.

RFID-tagged textile article cleaning

Abstract: In some embodiments, a cleaning machine automatically identifies cleaning instructions associated with a load of textile articles, e.g., wearable and/or non-wearable textile articles, using an RFID reader. At least some of the wearable textile articles in the load include a respective RFID tag that provides information to the cleaning machine. In turn, the cleaning machine can configure various cleaning settings based upon the information. Some embodiments identify incompatibilities between the various cleaning settings, and provide a notification of this incompatibility. When the various cleaning settings are compatible, some embodiments automatically start a cleaning cycle.