Showing papers by "Nagoya Institute of Technology published in 2010"
TL;DR: Conventional physicochemical models and cell appendage-mediated cell adhesion are reviewed and state-of-the-art technologies for controlling microbial adhesion and biofilm formation are described.
642 citations
TL;DR: High-speed atomic force microscopy is used to visualize dynamic changes in stimulated proteins and confirms that high-resolution visualization is a powerful approach for studying elaborate biomolecular processes under realistic conditions.
Abstract: Dynamic changes in protein conformation in response to external stimuli are important in biological processes, but it has proved difficult to directly visualize such structural changes under physiological conditions1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Here, we show that high-speed atomic force microscopy7 can be used to visualize dynamic changes in stimulated proteins. High-resolution movies of a light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin11,12, reveal that, upon illumination, a cytoplasmic portion of each bacteriorhodopsin monomer is brought into contact with adjacent trimers. The bacteriorhodopsin–bacteriorhodopsin interaction in the transiently formed assembly engenders both positive and negative cooperative effects in the decay kinetics as the initial bacteriorhodopsin recovers and, as a consequence, the turnover rate of the photocycle is maintained constant, on average, irrespective of the light intensity. These results confirm that high-resolution visualization is a powerful approach for studying elaborate biomolecular processes under realistic conditions. Dynamic changes in the light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin, which occur on stimulation with light, can be visualized using high-speed atomic force microscopy.
283 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and land use/land cover (LULC) in different seasons were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models, and the potential for UHI mitigation of greening parking lots in Nagoya was evaluated.
266 citations
TL;DR: A historical perspective is provided of the development of so-called “shelf-stable electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents”, although this field is in constant development.
Abstract: Since the discovery by Yagupolskii and co-workers that S-trifluoromethyl diarylsulfonium salts are effective for the trifluoromethylation of thiophenolates, the design and synthesis of electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents have been extensively researched in both academia and industry, due to the significant unique features that trifluoromethylated compounds have in pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and functional materials. Several effective reagents have been developed by the groups of Yagupolskii, Umemoto, Shreeve, Adachi, Magnier, Togni and Shibata. Due to the high stability and reactivity of these reagents, a series of Umemoto reagents, Togni reagent and Shibata reagent are now commercially available. In this review, we wish to briefly provide a historical perspective of the development of so-called "shelf-stable electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents", although this field is in constant development.
217 citations
TL;DR: The proposed fully discrete fully conservative second-order accurate scheme is also used to perform the DNS of compressible isotropic turbulence and the simulation of open cavity flow.
160 citations
TL;DR: A new position-control method is proposed that is as accurate as conventional PID control during normal operation, but is capable of slow, overdamped resuming motion without overshoots from large positional errors that result in actuator-force saturation.
Abstract: High-gain proportional-integral-derivative (PID) position control involves some risk of unsafe behaviors in cases of abnormal events, such as unexpected environment contacts and temporary power failures. This paper proposes a new position-control method that is as accurate as conventional PID control during normal operation, but is capable of slow, overdamped resuming motion without overshoots from large positional errors that result in actuator-force saturation. The proposed method, which we call proxy-based sliding mode control (PSMC), is an alternative approximation of a simplest type of sliding mode control (SMC), and also is an extension of the PID control. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through stability analysis and experimental results.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an existing constitutive model, the Severn-Trent sand model, in which the critical state line plays a central role as the locus of asymptotic states, has been extended to include the effects of particle breakage.
136 citations
TL;DR: A novel class of bit-flipping algorithm for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented, which exhibit better decoding performance than known BF algorithms, such as the weighted BF algorithms or the modified weighted BF algorithm for several LDPC codes.
Abstract: A novel class of bit-flipping (BF) algorithm for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. The proposed algorithms, which are referred to as gradient descent bit flipping (GDBF) algorithms, can be regarded as simplified gradient descent algorithms. The proposed algorithms exhibit better decoding performance than known BF algorithms, such as the weighted BF algorithm or the modified weighted BF algorithm for several LDPC codes.
133 citations
TL;DR: The title reaction consists of an addition/cyclization/dehydration sequence and affords the biologically important chiral 3,5-diaryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-isoxazolines in excellent yields with high e.e.
Abstract: The title reaction consists of an addition/cyclization/dehydration sequence and affords the biologically important chiral 3,5-diaryl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-isoxazolines in excellent yields with high e.e.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of binary sulfide Ag-In-S NPs using a thiolate complex was demonstrated, and the chalcopyrite-like structure exhibited room temperature photoluminescence (PL).
Abstract: In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis of binary sulfide Ag–In–S NPs using a Ag–In thiolate complex. Thermal decomposition of the thiolate complex provides Ag/AgInS2 heterostructured nanoparticles (NPs). A metathesis reaction between the thiolate complex and sulfur source leads to the formation of nearly monodispersed AgInS2 NPs with a chalcopyrite-like or orthorhombic structure. AgInS2 NPs with a chalcopyrite-like structure exhibited room temperature photoluminescence (PL). Spectral shift of the PL band depending on the excitation laser intensity and characteristic behavior of the PL decay time varying over a wide energy range within the PL band were observed. These results indicate that the PL of the AgInS2 NPs may be attributed to the donor–acceptor (D–A) pair recombination.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical properties and performances of all-solid-state lithium polymer batteries using standard PEO-based solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are reported and discussed.
Abstract: In this paper, the electrochemical properties and performances of all-solid-state lithium polymer batteries (LPBs) using standard PEO-based solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are reported and discussed. The assembled cell showed stable charge–discharge cycles (>150 cycles) at 30 °C. This is due to desirable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formation at the SPE | cathode interface at the first cycle indicated by activation energy measurements for interfacial Li ion exchange reaction. However, sudden capacity fading for prolonged electrochemical cycles was indicated by an accelerated aging test at higher current density (1 C) and temperature conditions (60 °C), accompanied by an increase of electrochemical polarization. This degradation phenomenon may be fatal for practical usage of large-scale batteries which requires extremely long-time durability. Two sequential factors affecting the capacity fading are proposed through the studies of in situ19F-NMR imaging, real-time monitoring of the total cell thickness, and electrochemical measurements such as AC impedance. One factor is degradation of the cathode sheet or cathode composite assembly, owing to cyclic volumetric change from the two-phase LiFePO4–FePO4 reaction. Such degradation leads to uneven electric contact at the electrode | electrolyte interface, thereby enhancing local electrochemical polarization. The second factor, namely, Li salt decomposition, is triggered by this local polarization, giving rise to the continuous capacity fading and the increase of polarization. This degradation scenario can be general enough to include the full range of all-solid-state LPB devices, since the trigger of degradation owes to non-fluidity of solid | solid contact, or solid electrolytes cannot immerse into the cavities caused by pulverization of cathode particles unlike liquid electrolytes. On the basis of these results, we attempted to improve the mechanical properties of the binder materials of cathode sheets, and demonstrated improved cyclic durability.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of H+ and Na+ co-cations on the formation of Cu species and on NO reduction activity of Cu/ZSM-5 catalyst is investigated.
Abstract: The influence of H+ and Na+ co-cations on the formation of Cu species and on NO reduction activity of Cu/ZSM-5 catalyst is investigated. 3.5Cu/0.6NaZSM-5 catalyst was significantly more active for NOx reduction with NH3 compared with 2.6Cu/HZSM-5. Catalyst characterization indicated that, the type of co-cations present in the catalyst tailors copper species redox properties, NO2 formation rate and acidity of the catalyst. Copper species in NaZSM-5, is relatively easily reducible than when present in HZSM-5. UV–vis and FTIR characterization showed the presence of a higher amount of Cu+ species in 3.5Cu/0.6NaZSM-5 compared to 2.6Cu/HZSM-5. The easily reducible copper along with Cu+ species in 3.5Cu/0.6NaZSM-5 seems to activate oxygen which reacts with NO to form NO2. The Na+ co-cations can further capture the thus produced NO2 to form intermediate surface nitrite/nitrate species, which improves the NOx conversion. The acidity measured by NH3-TPD and FTIR is needed for SCR, but not crucial for NOx conversion.
TL;DR: The role of silver ions has to be considered as an important factor for promoting and controlling the development of Pt nanoparticles of cubic, cuboctahedral, octahedral and tetrahedral shapes directly related to the crystal nucleation along various directions of the [100] cubic, [111] octahedra and [111]-tetrahedral facets during synthesis.
Abstract: In this paper, Pt nanoparticles with good shapes of nanocubes and nano-octahedra and well-controlled sizes in the range 5?7 and 8?12?nm, respectively, have been successfully synthesized. The modified polyol method by adding silver nitrate and varying the molar ratio of the solutions of silver nitrate and H2PtCl6 has been used to produce Pt nanoparticles of the size and shape to be controlled. The size and morphology of Pt nanoparticles have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). The results have shown that their very sharp and good shapes exist in the main forms of cubic, cuboctahedral, octahedral and tetrahedral shapes directly related to the crystal nucleation along various directions of the {100} cubic, {111} octahedral and {111} tetrahedral facets during synthesis. In particular, various irregular and new shapes of Pt nanoparticles have been found. Here, it is concluded that the role of silver ions has to be considered as an important factor for promoting and controlling the development of Pt nanoparticles of {100} cubic, {111} octahedral and {111} tetrahedral facets, and also directly orienting the growth and formation of Pt nanoparticles.
TL;DR: In this article, a multiple incremental decremental algorithm of support vector machines (SVM) is proposed to reduce the computational cost of updating the model when some new observations arrive and/or some observations become obsolete.
Abstract: We propose a multiple incremental decremental algorithm of support vector machines (SVM). In online learning, we need to update the trained model when some new observations arrive and/or some observations become obsolete. If we want to add or remove single data point, conventional single incremental decremental algorithm can be used to update the model efficiently. However, to add and/or remove multiple data points, the computational cost of current update algorithm becomes inhibitive because we need to repeatedly apply it for each data point. In this paper, we develop an extension of incremental decremental algorithm which efficiently works for simultaneous update of multiple data points. Some analyses and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can substantially reduce the computational cost. Our approach is especially useful for online SVM learning in which we need to remove old data points and add new data points in a short amount of time.
TL;DR: In this paper, pure phase VO 2 (R) nanorods were directly synthesized via the reduction of V 2 O 5 by oxalic acid during one-step hydrothermal treatment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a parallel continuum model for the mechanical consequences of erosion, based on two-dimensional discrete element analyses of assemblies of circular discs of various gradings, where the process of internal erosion of fine particles from a soil progressively narrows the grading of the soil.
Abstract: The process of internal erosion of fine particles from a soil progressively narrows the grading of the soil. Development of a continuum model for the mechanical consequences of erosion has taken inspiration from two-dimensional discrete element analyses of assemblies of circular discs of various gradings. The process of erosion has been described in these analyses by progressively removing the finer particles while maintaining the sample under constant stresses. The removal of particles produces an increase in specific volume because the volume of solid decreases and the volume of void increases, but the looser structure compresses under the external stresses. Parallel continuum modelling takes an existing distortional hardening model, in which the critical state line plays a central role, and adds a volumetric deformation mechanism to describe the observed compression. The discrete element modelling analyses and other results remind us that the first-order effect of narrowing grading is the raising of th...
01 Oct 2010
TL;DR: Giant shear mode electromechanical coupling coeficient k 15'of 032 (k 15 2=10 %) were found in the c-axis 33° tilted ScAlN films as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Giant shear mode electromechanical coupling coeficient k 15 ' of 032 (k 15 2=10 %) were found in the c-axis 33° tilted ScAlN films High k 15 values were observed even in the high temperature of 600 °C TCF values were deteriorated in ScAlN film compared with non-doped AlN crystal Shear mode ScAlN films should be a good candidate for liquid SH-SAW and FBAR sensors in the high temperature
TL;DR: These silicon-releasable microfiber meshes provide an excellent substrate for bone regeneration and exhibit enhanced bone-forming ability under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the detailed turbulent structure of a boundary layer over a forward-facing step was investigated under conditions with three Reynolds numbers based on step height, or three Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, to investigate the effects of step height and inlet boundary layer thickness.
TL;DR: The first catalytic enantioselective trifluoromethylation of alkynyl ketones 1 with (trifLuorometHyl)trimethylsilane is disclosed by an operationally simple procedure to afford trif LU-substituted tertiary propargyl alcohols.
TL;DR: This paper presents a simple nonlinear magnetic analysis for axial-flux permanent-magnet machines as an assistant design tool of 3D finite-element analysis (3D-FEA), and presents the analysis-based optimum design, which realizes the maximum torque density while maintaining efficiency at the desired value.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple nonlinear magnetic analysis for axial-flux permanent-magnet machines as an assistant design tool of 3-D finite-element analysis (3D-FEA). The proposed analysis consists of an equivalent magnetic circuit and an analytical model of air-gap permeances, including saturable permeances in the core. The proposed analysis is capable of calculating the flux distribution and torque characteristics under heavy operating conditions. We verify the accuracy of the proposed analysis by comparing the results with those of 3D-FEA for various design free parameters. After verifying the accuracy of the analysis, we present our analysis-based optimum design, which realizes the maximum torque density while maintaining efficiency at the desired value. Compared to the traditional 3D-FEA, the design method proposed here has the same accuracy, while the computation time is as short as 1/21.
TL;DR: 3D-FEM based design studies on the proposed motor for the target application are demonstrated and the sum of iron and copper losses of the motor at the end-milling operation is significantly reduced by the field weakening control.
Abstract: This paper presents a hybrid excitation motor for a main spindle drive in end- and face-milling tools, which is operated with a high speed of 50 000 r/min. The proposed motor has not only a permanent magnet but also the field coil which makes field-weakening and field-strengthening controls possible with taking no notice of the permanent magnet demagnetization. In addition, the sum of iron and copper losses of the motor at the end-milling operation is significantly reduced by the field-weakening control. The 3-D finite-element-method-based design studies on the proposed motor for the target application are demonstrated.
TL;DR: A novel method of conditional density estimation that is suitable for multi-dimensional continuous variables and expresses the conditional density in terms of the density ratio and the ratio is directly estimated without going through density estimation.
Abstract: Estimating the conditional mean of an input-output relation is the goal of regression. However, regression analysis is not sufficiently informative if the conditional distribution has multi-modality, is highly asymmetric, or contains heteroscedastic noise. In such scenarios, estimating the conditional distribution itself would be more useful. In this paper, we propose a novel method of conditional density estimation that is suitable for multi-dimensional continuous variables. The basic idea of the proposed method is to express the conditional density in terms of the density ratio and the ratio is directly estimated without going through density estimation. Experiments using benchmark and robot transition datasets illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
TL;DR: In this article, the results of the successful preparation of Pd nanoparticles by the polyol method and the proposed techniques of controlling their size and shape were presented, where polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Pd particles of various shapes with the largest sizes in the forms of octahedrons (24, octahedral, tetrahedrons, cubes and cubes.
Abstract: This work presents the results of the successful preparation of Pd nanoparticles by the polyol method and the proposed techniques of controlling their size and shape. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Pd nanoparticles of various shapes with the largest sizes in the forms of octahedrons (24 nm), tetrahedrons (22 nm) and cubes (20 nm) have been obtained by alcohol reduction in ethanol with the addition of a hydrochloric acid catalyst. Moreover, PVP–Pd nanoparticles of well-controlled spherical shapes have also been prepared by a modified polyol method. PVP–Pd nanoparticles of cubic, octahedral, tetrahedral and spherical shapes with well-controlled size achieved by using ethylene glycol (EG) as reductant and various inorganic species were also fabricated. In particular, Pd nanorods with sizes of 47 nm and 16 nm formed due to the anisotropic growth mechanism of Pd nanoparticles were found. At the same time, tetrahedral particles of sharp shapes of 120 nm and 70 nm sizes have been observed. A high concentration of inorganic species was used to control the size and shape of the Pd nanoparticles, leading to the appearance of various irregular sizes and shapes. There was evidence of the very sharp corners and edges of tetrahedral and octahedral Pd nanoparticles or others that were formed in the clustering and combination of the seeds of smaller particles.
TL;DR: The MgO sheets function as a strong heterogeneous base catalyst for the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde with acetophenone giving 99% conversion in 5h due to large surface area and presence of numerous basic sites of different strength as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The first chiral Lewis acid catalyzed enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of pyrroles with beta-CF(3) acrylates with optically active trifluorinated heliotridane was successfully constructed.
TL;DR: This paper demonstrates the thousands of voices for HMM-based speech synthesis that are made from several popular ASR corpora such as the Wall Street Journal, Resource Management, Globalphone, and SPEECON databases.
Abstract: In conventional speech synthesis, large amounts of phonetically balanced speech data recorded in highly controlled recording studio environments are typically required to build a voice. Although using such data is a straightforward solution for high quality synthesis, the number of voices available will always be limited, because recording costs are high. On the other hand, our recent experiments with HMM-based speech synthesis systems have demonstrated that speaker-adaptive HMM-based speech synthesis (which uses an “average voice model” plus model adaptation) is robust to non-ideal speech data that are recorded under various conditions and with varying microphones, that are not perfectly clean, and/or that lack phonetic balance. This enables us to consider building high-quality voices on “non-TTS” corpora such as ASR corpora. Since ASR corpora generally include a large number of speakers, this leads to the possibility of producing an enormous number of voices automatically. In this paper, we demonstrate the thousands of voices for HMM-based speech synthesis that we have made from several popular ASR corpora such as the Wall Street Journal (WSJ0, WSJ1, and WSJCAM0), Resource Management, Globalphone, and SPEECON databases. We also present the results of associated analysis based on perceptual evaluation, and discuss remaining issues.
TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation of granular materials with different grain shapes was simulated using two-dimensional DEM under different stress-levels and densities, and the evolution rule of stress-induced anisotropy and its limitation as well as the existence of a critical state of fabric were revealed.
Abstract: The mechanical behaviors of granular media are controlled by grain properties and microstructure. The primary property of granular media is denoted by its grain shape, grain size distribution, stiffness, and interparticle friction. The grain shape itself is of particular importance. Microstructures are formed in the connection paths of contact points between grains. In this paper, the deformation of granular materials with different grain shapes was simulated using two-dimensional DEM under different stress-levels and densities. After analyzing the results, the authors investigated fabric changes. The evolution rule of stress-induced anisotropy and its limitation as well as the existence of a critical state of fabric are revealed.