Nagoya Institute of Technology

About: Nagoya Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Nagoya, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thin film & Turbulence. The organization has 10766 authors who have published 19140 publications receiving 255696 citations. The organization is also known as: Nagoya Kōgyō Daigaku & Nitech.

Car-following behavior with instantaneous driver–vehicle reaction delay: A neural-network-based methodology

Abstract: Reaction delay of the driver–vehicle unit varies greatly according to driver–vehicle characteristics and traffic conditions, and is an indispensable factor for modeling vehicle movements. In this study, by defining the time interval between the relative speed and acceleration, the gap and speed observed from real traffic as driver–vehicle reaction delay, a neural network for instantaneous reaction delay is built. Incorporating the reaction delay network into a neural-network-based car-following model, movements of nine vehicles which follow each other are simulated. Simulation results show that the models with instantaneous reaction delay apparently outperform the models with fixed reaction delay. In addition, the model with short fixed reaction delay makes the vehicles follow each other more closely than the vehicles in real traffic do, and collisions occur in the model with long fixed reaction delay, which also illustrates the necessity of taking into account instantaneous reaction delay in microscopic traffic simulation. Besides, for future reference, the calibrated weights and biases in the proposed methodology are presented in Appendix.

Casting light on Asgardarchaeota metabolism in a sunlit microoxic niche.

Abstract: Recent advances in phylogenomic analyses and increased genomic sampling of uncultured prokaryotic lineages have brought compelling evidence in support of the emergence of eukaryotes from within the archaeal domain of life (eocyte hypothesis)1,2. The discovery of Asgardarchaeota and its supposed position at the base of the eukaryotic tree of life3,4 provided cues about the long-awaited identity of the eocytic lineage from which the nucleated cells (Eukaryota) emerged. While it is apparent that Asgardarchaeota encode a plethora of eukaryotic-specific proteins (the highest number identified yet in prokaryotes)5, the lack of genomic information and metabolic characterization has precluded inferences about their lifestyles and the metabolic landscape that favoured the emergence of the protoeukaryote ancestor. Here, we use advanced phylogenetic analyses for inferring the deep ancestry of eukaryotes, and genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for shedding light on the metabolic milieu of Asgardarchaeota. In doing so, we: (1) show that Heimdallarchaeia (the closest eocytic lineage to eukaryotes to date) are likely to have a microoxic niche, based on their genomic potential, with aerobic metabolic pathways that are unique among Archaea (that is, the kynurenine pathway); (2) provide evidence of mixotrophy within Asgardarchaeota; and (3) describe a previously unknown family of rhodopsins encoded within the recovered genomes. A comparative analysis of Asgard archaea genomes elucidates their metabolic potential and leads to the proposal of a revised ‘aerobic protoeukaryotes’ model for the origin of the eukaryotic cell.

Tracking Control of Motor Drives Using Feedforward Friction Observer

Abstract: In motor drives, just as in other mechanical actuators, the friction compensation is extremely important as friction can have adverse impact on the overall control performance. In this paper, a feedforward friction observer (FFFO) is proposed as formulating an explicit analytical expression for the applied observation function. This ensures the cancelation of friction disturbances and time variances at steady state. The proposed observation scheme utilizes the two-state dynamic friction model with elastoplasticity (abbreviated as 2SEP), which is compact in parameterization and captures both the presliding and sliding phases of kinetic friction. The method to identify a motor drive plant with nonlinear friction in the frequency domain has been applied using only few frequency-response-function measurements. The feedback control design is performed with respect to the time delay detectable in the system, thus under additional constraints when determining the control gains. The optimal proportional-integral (PI) control designed this way is compared with the proportional control combined with the observer (P-FFFO). The simulation results show that P-FFFO control compensates faster for frictional disturbances at suddenly changing frictional conditions than PI control. In addition, an extensive experimental evaluation of velocity tracking control discloses P-FFFO as superior in terms of a faster steady-state convergence after various transient phases.

Electrochiroptical response of a hexaarylethane derivative with a helical π-skeleton: drastic UV–Vis and CD spectral changes upon electrolysis of 4′,5′-dibromodispiro[xanthene-9,9′(9′H,10′H)-phenanthrene-10′,9″-xanthene]

Abstract: Upon two-electron oxidation of the title electron donor 1a, the elongated central C9–C10 bond [1.656(5) A (X-ray)] is cleaved to give the biphenyl-2,2′-diyl bis(xanthenylium) dye 2a2+, which regenerates the colorless dispiro compound 1a by two-electron reduction. The presence of isosbestic points in the UV–Vis spectra during the electrochemical oxidation of 1a to 2a2+ indicates the negligible steady-state concentration of the intermediate cation radical. Interconversion between optically resolved 1a and 2a2+ is accompanied by drastic changes in the CD spectra again with several isosbestic points, and racemization of (P)- and (M)-1a and (S)- and (R)-2a2+ does not occur at ambient conditions. This redox pair represents a new motif for the multi-output response system, where the electrochemical input is transduced into two independent spectral outputs.