Showing papers by "Nagoya University published in 1983"
TL;DR: Results indicate that an O 2 − -generating system may be activated in potato tissues during the incompatible interaction induced by invading fungi or fungal wall components, and also that the generation of O 1 − may be involved during hypersensitive cell death as a trigger of the sequence of resistance reactions.
Abstract: Potato tuber tissue discs, which were aged after wounding in order to acquire hypersensitive reactivity, reduced extracellular cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) following inoculation with an incompatible, but not compatible, race of Phytophthora infestans . The cytochrome c -reducing activity rapidly increased from l to 4 h after inoculation along with an increase in the percentage of hypersensitively dead cells, and then decreased from the time when most of the penetrated cells had died. A localized activation of NBT reduction around invading hyphae of the incompatible, but not those of the compatible, race was observed at early stages of penetration before cell death. The reductive activity of the discs was also elicited by treatment with a hypersensitivity-eliciting substance, hyphal wall components of the fungus. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme catalysing the conversion of the superoxide anion (O 2 − ) to H 2 O 2 and O 2 inhibited the enhanced reducing activity of the discs when added to the assay solution, indicating that cytochrome c and NBT may be reduced by O 2 − generated from the discs. Pre-infectional, vacuum infiltration of the discs with a solution containing SOD significantly delayed the occurrence of hypersensitive cell death caused by infection with the incompatible race as well as the accumulation of phytoalexin. Application of SH-binding reagents and NADP + , but not respiratory inhibitors, inhibited the elicitation of the reducing activity caused by infection with the incompatible race. These results indicate that an O 2 − -generating system may be activated in potato tissues during the incompatible interaction induced by invading fungi or fungal wall components, and also that the generation of O 2 − may be involved during hypersensitive cell death as a trigger of the sequence of resistance reactions.
773 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that O 2 − generation and NADPH oxidation occur on the plasma-membrane upon incompatible recognition of host cells leading to hypersensitive cell death and suppression of the NADPH-dependent OZ- generation may be involved in compatible relationships in the potato— P. infestans system.
Abstract: Generation of superoxide anion (O 2 − ) by potato tuber protoplasts following treatment with hyphal wall components (HWC) of Phytophthora infestans was demonstrated by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-sensitive reduction of extracellular cytochrome c or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). In the presence of NADPH ability of protoplasts to reduce cytochrome c was enhanced within 2 min after adding HWC and then proceeded as a sigmoidal curve. Addition of SOD during the course of the reaction prevented further reduction of cytochrome c . In the reaction mixture without NADPH or HWC, little reducing activity was detected. A similar reduction of NBT was also found in the protoplasts treated with HWC. Water-soluble glucans from compatible races of P. infestans , which are known as suppressors of hypersensitivity, inhibited the activation of reducing activity when they were applied before elicitation of the reaction with HWC. The glucans from incompatible races caused little inhibition. Of the tested inhibitors of hypersensitive cell death, SH-binding reagent and NADP + inhibited the reducing activity whereas respiratory inhibitors, NaN 3 , antimycine A, and 2,4-dinitrophenol were ineffective. These results indicate that O 2 − generation and NADPH oxidation occur on the plasma-membrane upon incompatible recognition of host cells leading to hypersensitive cell death. Suppression of the NADPH-dependent OZ- generation may be involved in compatible relationships in the potato— P. infestans system.
314 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and availability of supported heteropoly acid under vapor phase conditions were studied through alkylation of benzene with ethylene, esterification of acetic acid with ethanol, and dehydration of 2-propanol as model reactions.
269 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dust storm which originated in the China desert area covered the Japan Islands on April 14-15, 1979 and was characterized by simultaneous measurement by lidar and geosynchronous meteorological satellite enabled the spacial structure and transport path of the dust storm cloud.
Abstract: A dust storm which originated in the China desert area covered the Japan Islands on April 14-15, 1979. Simultaneous measurement by lidar and geosynchronous meteorological satellite enabled the spacial structure and transport path of the dust storm cloud to be characterized. The horizontal scale of the dust cloud was about 1.36 x 10 6 km 2 , and the total dust particle mass load was at least ~1.63 x 10 6 ton/1.36 x lo 6 km2. The lidar measurements indicated that the dust cloud consisted of 2 distinct layers, one at 6 km height and the other at 2 km. The trajectory analysis of air mass suggests that the particulate matter contained in the upper layer is probably transported from the Takla-Makan desert and that in the lower layer from the Gobi desert and the Huang-Ho basin. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1983.tb00023.x
264 citations
TL;DR: The results support the concept that both L and P proteins are required for NDV-RNA synthesis and suggest further that the intracellular transcriptive complex may be associated with some cellular structure resistant to Triton X-100 but sensitive to the double detergents, presumably cytoskeletal frame work.
246 citations
01 Jan 1983
242 citations
197 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the random motion of an elastic string was investigated by using the theory of infinite dimensional stochastic differential equations, and the authors derived a basic equation that describes the random motions of a string.
Abstract: In this paper, we shall investigate the random motion of an elastic string by using the theory of infinite dimensional stochastic differential equations. The paper consists of three main parts and appendices. In the first part (§2), we shall derive a basic equation which describes the random motion of a string. Several properties of this equation will be investigated in § 3, 4 and 5. In the third part (§ 6), we shall deal with a stochastic differential equation on a Hilbert space as a generalization of the equation of the string.
164 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, forsterite was measured between 300 and 1,200 K (≃ 1.6 times the Debye temperature) by the Rectangular Parallelepiped Resonance method.
Abstract: Elastic moduli of forsterite were measured between 300 and 1,200 K (≃ 1.6 times the Debye temperature) by the Rectangular Parallelepiped Resonance method. All the moduli decrease regularly with temperature. A summary of the results is as follows:
temperature derivatives of elastic moduli, - ∂C
ij
/∂R in MPa/K
whereC
si
=(C
jj
+C
kk
−2·C
jk
)/4; (i, j, k=1, 2, 3;i ≠j ≠k), and ρ is density in kg/m3. These data permit for the first time the calculation of elastic and thermal properties well into the classical range far above the Debye temperature. We find, for example, that the elastic constants, including the bulk moduls, closely follow standard equations throughout the measured temperature range. This information aids extrapolations up to the melting point. This data, coupled with thermal expansivity data permit the computations of thermal anharmonic parameters of minerals forT>θ.
164 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the transient volume change of quartz and fused silica induced by irradiation with an electron pulse above 80 K. The results showed unambiguously that recombination-induced defect formation occurs in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ but the defects created are not stable even at low temperatures.
Abstract: The transient volume change of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz and fused silica induced by irradiation with an electron pulse has been measured above 80 K. It is shown that transient changes of volume and optical absorption due to the ${{E}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ centers (oxygen vacancies) decay in parallel and that the volume change per ${{E}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ center is of the order of a unit molecular volume. The results show unambiguously that recombination-induced defect formation occurs in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ but the defects created are not stable even at low temperatures.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental results of the present and previous works together with thermodynamic data are organized to characterize the evaporation sequence of primitive condensed materials, which is a basic framework to clarify the chemical fractionation processes which have differentiated primitive materials into the planetary and meteoritic materials.
Abstract: Evaporation experiments were performed in vacuo on the multicomponent melt, FeO-MgO-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 with the solar elemental abundances. The analysis of experimental results shows that the rate-determining step of evaporation is the vaporization reactions occurring on the melt surface, amongst other possible rate processes. The reaction modes are determined for the components, FeO, MgO and SiO2. FeO, unlike other components, vaporizes through the disproportionation reaction into metallic and ferric irons in the melt phase. ‘Volatility’ is defined as a physical quantity so as to describe the evaporational fractionations of elements. On the basis of this concept, the experimental results of the present and previous works together with thermodynamic data are organized to characterize the evaporation sequence of primitive condensed materials. Its gross feature is the sequential evaporation of the components in the order of Fe, Mg, Si, Ca and Al. The details of the evaporation sequence depend on temperature and initial valences of Fe. The evaporation sequence is comparatively discussed with the condensation sequence of the nebular gas, which has been well examined by previous workers. Both sequences, combined together, provide a basic framework to clarify the chemical fractionation processes which have differentiated primitive materials into the planetary and meteoritic materials. The chemical diversity of chondrules and inclusions in meteorites is interpreted as mainly due to the evaporational or condensational fractionation, but it also invokes other processes such as metal/silicate separation and non-equilibrium reaction with a surrounding gas.
TL;DR: In this article, a Keggin-type heteropoly acid has been shown to have high catalytic activities for the cleavage reactions of epoxides, tetrahydrofuran, dibutyl ether and butyl methyl ether with acetic acid, acetic anhydride andbutyl acetate in the non-aqueous homogeneous liquid phase at 30-118 °C.
TL;DR: Theoretical investigations on the Matsunami empirical formula for the sputtering yield are presented, and a new empirical formula is proposed in this article, where the effect of the inelastic stopping in one of the adjustable parameters is explicitly separated.
Abstract: Theoretical investigations on the Matsunami empirical formula for the sputtering yield are presented, and a new empirical formula is proposed. The first Matsunami empirical formula includes implicitly the effect of the inelastic stopping in one of the adjustable parameters, while in the new empirical formula the inelastic part and the elastic part are explicitly separated. It is found that the new empirical formula can predict well the energy-dependence of the sputtering yield over a wide range of the ion-target combinations. Another interesting conclusion is that one of the adjustable parameters of the new formula, which corresponds to Sigmund α shows the Z2-oscillation.
TL;DR: The complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from a blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, has been determined and its observations support the endosymbiotic theory of chloroplast origin.
Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from a blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, has been determined. Its coding region is estimated to be 1,487 base pairs long, which is nearly identical to those reported for chloroplast 16 S rRNA genes and is about 4% shorter than that of the Escherichia coli gene. The 16S rRNA sequence of A. nidulans has 83% homology with that of tobacco chloroplast and 74% homology with that of E. coli. Possible stem and loop structures of A. nidulans 16S rRNA sequences resemble more closely those of chloroplast 16S rRNAs than those of E. coli 16S rRNA. These observations support the endosymbiotic theory of chloroplast origin.
TL;DR: From the serial determination of these substances, they would be better markers for damage of the nervous system than cell counts and total protein in CSF for the active injury for the nervous tissues.
TL;DR: The gene for the LS of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from a cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans 6301, has been cloned in pBR322 and subjected to sequence analysis, finding the protein is thus a conserved protein.
Abstract: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase consists of large subunits (LS) and small subunits. In plants, the LS is encoded in chloroplast DNA and the small subunit, in nuclear DNA. In cyanobacteria, both subunits are thought to be encoded in chromosomal DNA because of prokaryotes. The gene for the LS of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from a cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans 6301, has been cloned in pBR322 and subjected to sequence analysis. The coding region contains 1,416 base pairs (472 codons). The deduced amino acid sequence of A. nidulans LS protein shows 80% homology with sequences of maize, spinach, and tobacco LS proteins; the nucleotide sequence of A. nidulans LS gene shows 70% homology with sequences of the plant genes. Between A. nidulans LS and the plant LS proteins there is exact sequence homology around the lysine residue to which the activator CO2 binds and around the two lysine residues to which ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate binds. The amino acid sequence where the LS binds to the small subunit is also highly conserved. From comparison of the LS proteins of A. nidulans and the three plants, the rate of amino acid substitution is estimated to be 0.25-0.5 × 10-9 per year per site, which is far below the median value of various types of proteins (1.2 × 10-9 for hemoglobin α). The LS protein is thus a conserved protein.
TL;DR: The structure of genotoxic metabolite, streptindole, isolated from intestinal bacteria (Streptococcus faecium IB 37) has been established as 2,2-di(3-indolyl) ethyl acetate by spectroscopic and synthetic methods as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The similarity in their stabilizing effects on collagen and globular proteins suggests that the stabilization mechanism proposed for globular protein can be essentially extended to fibrous proteins: such protein stabilization would be dominantly mediated through a preferential hydration of protein, originating in the water-structure-making character of sugars and polyols.
Abstract: The effects of sugars and polyols on the thermal denaturation temperature, Tm, of acid-soluble collagen from calf skin were studied at pH 4.0 under atmospheric pressure as well as high pressures up to 4,000 atm. Addition of these compounds invariably raised Tm with increases in their concentration over the whole range of pressure. The extent of stabilization by different sugars and polyols is discussed in terms of their different influences on the structure of water. The hydroxymethyl chain length of polyols and equatorial OH groups of the sugars were found to be decisive factors for their stabilizing effect on collagen structure. The similarity in their stabilizing effects on collagen and globular proteins suggests that our stabilization mechanism proposed for globular proteins can be essentially extended to fibrous proteins: such protein stabilization would be dominantly mediated through a preferential hydration of protein, originating in the water-structure-making character of sugars and polyols.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study of mineral compositions, mineral assemblages and mineral stability data assuming PH2O = Psolid suggests that metamorphic conditions of this zone are about 610 ± 25°C and 10 ± 1 kbar.
Abstract: The oligoclase-biotite zone of the Bessi area, central Shikoku is characterized by sodic plagioclase (XCa= 0.10–0.28)-bearing assemblages in pelitic schists, and represents the highest-grade zone of the Sanbagawa metamorphic terrain. Mineral assemblages in pelitic schists of this zone, all with quartz, sodic plagioclase, muscovite and clinozoisite (or zoisite), are garnet + biotite + chlorite + paragonite, garnet + biotite + hornblende + chlorite, and partial assemblages of these two types. Correlations between mineral compositions, mineral assemblages and mineral stability data assuming PH2O = Psolid suggests that metamorphic conditions of this zone are about 610 ± 25°C and 10 ± 1 kbar.
Based upon a comparative study of mineralogy and chemistry of pelitic schists in the oligoclase-biotite zone of the Sanbagawa terrain with those in the New Caledonia omphacite zone as an example of a typical high-pressure type of metamorphic belt and with those in a generalized‘upper staurolite zone’as an example of a medium-pressure type of metamorphic belt, progressive assemblages within these three zones can be related by reactions such as:
TL;DR: In this article, the authors constrain the transformation depth by a more direct seismological method, which is used to evaluate the role of the basalt-clogite transformation in driving lithospheric plate motion and in thermal regieme of subducting plates.
Abstract: The oceanic crust primarily has a basaltic composition1,2 which must transform into eclogite on subduction of the oceanic crust beneath continents3,4. There has been a considerable debate about the role of the basalt–eclogite transformation in driving lithospheric plate motion5 and in the thermal regieme of subducting plates6. How important this transformation is in tectonics critically depends on the depth of transformation, which is affected by factors such as temperature7,8, bulk rock chemical composition2, water content9 and, perhaps, stress environment. Becuase it would be practically impossible to evaluate all these factors correctly, we attempt here to constrain the transformation depth by a more direct seismological method.
TL;DR: On montre qu'une configuration a instabilite modulee est selectionnee et se propage dans un etat sans mouvement initialement instable dans l'equation de Ginzburg-Landau a 1 dimension generalisee as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: On montre qu'une configuration a instabilite modulee est selectionnee et se propage dans un etat sans mouvement initialement instable dans l'equation de Ginzburg-Landau a 1 dimension generalisee
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature dependence of carbon isotopic fractionations between calcite and graphite, and between dolomite and Graphite are calibrated by the calcite-dolomites solvus geothermometry using marbles collected from the contact metamorphic aureole in the Kasuga area, central Japan.
TL;DR: The gene for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from a cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans 6301, has been cloned and subjected to sequence analysis.
Abstract: The gene for the small subunit (SS) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from a cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans 6301, has been cloned and subjected to sequence analysis. The SS coding region is located close to and downstream from the large subunit (LS) coding region on the same DNA strand. The spacer region between the LS and the SS coding regions contains 93 base pairs (bp), and has no promoter-like sequences. The coding region of A. nidulans SS gene contains 333 bp (111 codons). The deduced amino acid sequence of the A. nidulans SS protein shows 40% homology with those of higher plants.
TL;DR: S-100b protein was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells as well as of tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma, being distributed especially on the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and the outer nuclear membrane.
Abstract: Immunohistochemical studies were performed for the presence of S-100b protein in non-neoplastic and neoplastic salivary gland tissues by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. Some cases of pleomorphic adenoma were investigated by immuno-electron microscopy. S-100b protein could not be detected in epithelial cells of intercalated ducts, acini, striated ducts and excretory ducts of non-neoplastic salivary gland. However, myoepithelial cells surrounding the acini and intercalated ducts were specifically stained by S-100b protein. In pleomorphic adenomas, S-100b protein-positive cells could be mostly observed in the myxoid and chondroid areas, and the basal layer cells of the double-layered ductal cells were also positive. In clear cell adenoma, the clear cells were also S-100b protein positive. In adenoid cystic carcinomas, S-100b protein-positive cells could be found in trabecular areas, but not in tumor cells showing cribriform-pattern. In other tumors (Warthin's tumor, oxyphilic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, mucoepidermoid tumor and acinar cell carcinoma), S-100b protein positive cells were seldom observed. Immuno-electron microscopically, S-100b protein was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells as well as of tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma, being distributed especially on the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and the outer nuclear membrane.
TL;DR: An unstable norsesquiterpene glucoside with a novel illudane skeleton, ptaquiloside (1 ) has been isolated from bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum and the planar structure has been established on the basis of spectral and chemical means as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, a semi-infinite ferromagnetic simple cubic Ising lattice with nonmagnetic impurities substituted for the magnetic species only at the surface is investigated with the use of a new type of effective field theory with correlation.
Abstract: A semi-infinite ferromagnetic simple cubic Ising lattice which has nonmagnetic impurities substituted for the magnetic species only at the surface is investigated with the use of a new type of effective-field theory with correlation. The surface magnetism is examined as a function of modified exchange ${J}_{s}=J(1+\ensuremath{\Delta})$ and concentration $P$ of magnetic atoms at the surface. The critical value ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{c}$, transition temperatures ${T}_{c}^{s}$, and phase diagram for surface ordering are obtained as functions of $P$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. The reduced magnetization curves of surface and bulk are also studied. We obtain some characteristic behaviors of magnetism at the diluted surface.
TL;DR: Organic solvent products used in the various factories were collected nationwide in Japan, and analyzed by gas chromatogarphy, finding the potent toxic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane and carbon disulfide were only rarely found in the present homogeneous products.
Abstract: Organic solvent products used in the various factories were collected nationwide in Japan, and analyzed by gas chromatogarphy. Of the 1179 samples collected, 522 samples were homogeneous (including 321 thinners, 145 degreasers and 56 reagents and others), and were analyzed by means of direct injection into a FID-gas chromatograph with two FSWCOT (OV 101 and PEG 6000) capillary columns. In thinners (n=248), the average number of solvent components per sample was 4.14 when the thinners containing gasoline were excluded. Toluene was the most popular component in thinners (present in 56%) followed by ethyl acetate, methanol, xylenes, ethylbenzene, isobutyl alcohol, ethyleneglycol mono-ethylether acetate, butyl acetate and methyl isobutyl ketone. Gasoline was also detected in 23%. In degreasers (n=123), the average number of solvent components per sample was 1.64 when the degreasers containing gasoline were not taken into account. Trichloroethylene was present in 21% of degreasers followed by tetrachloroethylene, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, toluene, acetone, xylenes and ethyl-benzene. Gasoline was found in 14%. A small amount of 1, 4-dioxane was detected as an additive in every 1, 1, 1, -trichloroethane products. With regard to reagents and others (n=53), the avarage number of components per sample was 1.40 if samples containig gasoline were excluded, and most (73%) of reagents and others (n=41) consisted of a single component. The potent toxic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 1, 2-trichloro-ethane, 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane and carbon disulfide were only rarely found in the present homogeneous products.
TL;DR: In this article, the temporal evolution of the X-ray and radio spectra and the polarization and spatial structure of the microwave source have been examined, and the following interpretation is found to be consistent with the observations: (1) the variations in the electron acceleration/injection spectrum are responsible for the observed variations in hard Xray and microwave emissions, and (2) the locations of the hard X ray and microwave sources are probably different, the Xray source being located at a lower altitude.
Abstract: Pulsations with large amplitude and duration have been observed during the hard X-ray and microwave radio bursts associated with the 1980 June 7 solar flare. The high time resolution measurements of 20-800 keV X-rays were made with the X-ray spectrometers aboard the ISEE 3 and P78-1 spacecraft. The radio measurements, covering metric to microwave wavelengths, were made at the Nobeyama and Toyokawa observatories in Japan. The temporal evolution of the X-ray and radio spectra and the polarization and spatial structure of the microwave source have been examined. The following interpretation is found to be consistent with the observations: (1) the variations in the electron acceleration/injection spectrum are responsible for the observed variations in the hard X-ray and microwave emissions; (2) the locations of the hard X-ray and microwave sources are probably different, the X-ray source being located at a lower altitude.