Showing papers by "Nagoya University published in 1985"

Is the ρ Meson a Dynamical Gauge Boson of Hidden Local Symmetry

Abstract: We suggest that the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson is a dynamical gauge boson of a hidden local symmetry in the non-linear chiral Lagrangian. The origin of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-meson mass is understood as the Higgs mechanism of the hidden local symmetry. The low-energy dynamics of $\ensuremath{\rho}$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, and matter fields, including the Kawarabayashi-Suzuki-Riazuddin-Fayyazuddin relation and $\ensuremath{\rho}$-coupling universality, is consistently described in this new framework. The electromagnetic interaction can be introduced in a unique manner, which gives a successful explanation of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ dominance of the photon coupling.

Optical solitons in a monomode fiber

Abstract: We discuss the propagation of optical solitons in a monomode fiber as a model of long-distance-high-bit-rate transmission system. We give several new results which did not appear in our previous papers on this subject, such as (1) a derivation of the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation from the Maxwell equation, (2) on the integrability of the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation, (3) a discussion of the soliton as a stable fixed point of certain infinite-dimensional map generated by a transmission system with periodic excitations.

New ordered state between crystalline and amorphous in Ni-Cr particles.

Abstract: A new ordered state characterized by sharp electron diffraction spots showing an arrangement with a twelvefold symmetry axis inconsistent with the existence of a Bravais lattice has been found in small particles of Ni-Cr. Electron microscopic high-resolution structure images of these particles reveal that this ordering state has no translational symmetry but has far-reaching orientational order.

Formation of spherical and rod-like micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous NaBr solutions

Abstract: Static light scattering from aqueous NaBr solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been measured at 35°C with 488-nm laser light, and the molecular weight, radius of gyration, and the other parameters of its micelles have been evaluated. In water, spherical micelles are formed above a critical micelle concentration, 0.04 × 10 −2 g cm −3 , and each micelle consists of 91 monomers of CTAB. In aqueous solutions having NaBr concentrations higher than 0.06 M , rod-like micelles are formed, besides spherical micelles. The molecular weight of rod-like micelles increases rapidly with increasing NaBr concentration. The rod-like micelle formed in 0.5 M NaBr has molecular weight as high as 3,470,000, and is considerably flexible. The persistence length of micelle is evaluated to be 44 nm. Electron micrographic observations have been carried out for specimens prepared from CTAB solutions in water and in 0.5 M NaBr at 35°C. A specimen prepared from aqueous solution of CTAB and negatively stained with uranyl acetate displays many globular images, which have a uniform diameter around 5–6 nm and can be assigned to spherical micelles. A specimen from 0.5 M NaBr solution shows tortuous thread-like images with a uniform diameter of 4.5–6 nm, which can be regarded as flexible rod-like micelles. Thus, the size and shape of spherical and rod-like micelles of CTAB observed by the light-scattering measurement are confirmed by electron microscopy.

Domains of fractional powers of the Stokes operator in Lr spaces

Abstract: Soit D un domaine borne de R n (n≥2) a frontiere lisse S, soit 1

Synthesis and Functions of Polystyrene Derivatives Having Pendant Oligosaccharides

Abstract: Polystyrene derivatives with maltose, lactose, and maltotriose substituents on each benzene ring were prepared by coupling the corresponding oligosaccharide lactones with p-vinylbenzylamine, followed by radical polymerization. The polymers were water-soluble and had tightly-coiled conformations in water. Strong interactions with methyl orange and magnesium 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate were observed and their binding constants were determined and compared. Maltose and maltotriose-containing polymers interacted with concanavalin A specifically.

Non-Abelian Anomaly and Vector Mesons as Dynamical Gauge Bosons of Hidden Local Symmetries

Abstract: We present general solutions to the Wess-Zumino anomaly equation which incorporate vector mesons as dynamical gauge bosons of the hidden local symmetry in the nonlinear chiral Lagrangian. In contrast to the previous attempts to introduce the vector mesons, our formalism enables one to treat consistently and systematically various processes associated with pseudoscalar mesons (Nambu-Goldsone bosons) and vector mesons (dynamical gauge bosons); it is automatic in this framework that the on-shell amplitudes of photons and pseudoscalar mesons such as π^0 →2γ and γ→3 π which are fixed by the low energy theorems, are not affected no matter how the vector mesons participate in those processes. We further show that the “complete vector meson dominance” hypothesis of photon couplings is invalid in either π^0 →2γ or γ→3π process.

NADPH-dependent O2− generation in membrane fractions isolated from wounded potato tubers inoculated with Phytophthora infestans

Abstract: A membrane-rich fraction from wounded potato tubers showed increasing activity of NADPH-dependent cytochrome c, but not of acetylated cytochrome c reducing activity, during ageing after slicing (wound-induced activity, WIA). In the fraction from aged tissues inoculated with an incompatible, but not a compatible, race of Phyiophthora infestans, as increase in native and acetylated cytochrome c reducing activities was closely associated with the occurrence of hypersensitive cell death and phytoalexin production (infection-induced activity, IIA). Treatment of aged tissues with hyphal wall components (HWC), a hypersensitivity-eliciting factor of the fungus, also activated both native and acetylated cytochrome c reducing activities similarly to infection. IIA and WIA were inhibited by NADP+, but only the former was appreciably inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Water-soluble glucans (WSG), a hypersensitivity-inhibiting factor from compatible, but not incompatible, races of P. infestans, significantly inhibited the IIA but not the WIA in vitro. These results suggest that a novel O2− generating NADPH oxidase system in the membrane of potato tissues may be activated following an incompatible cell reaction, which results in hypersensitive cell death and phytoalexin production. The lack of IIA activation in the compatible interaction may result from an inhibition of the reaction system by the water-soluble glucans from the fungus, thus resulting in the establishment of a compatible interaction.

Remarks on transitivity

Abstract: Hopper & Thompson (1980) is an important contribution on the issue of transitivity, in which they propose that transitivity consists of the following ten semantic parameters:

On $3$-dimensional terminal singularities

Abstract: Canonical and terminal singularities are introduced by M. Reid [5], [6]. He proved that 3-dimensional terminal singularities are cyclic quotient of smooth points or cDV points [6].

Complete nucleotide sequence of a gene coding for heat- and pH-stable alpha-amylase of Bacillus licheniformis: comparison of the amino acid sequences of three bacterial liquefying alpha-amylases deduced from the DNA sequences.

Abstract: The gene coding for the heat-stable and pH-stable alpha-amylase of Bacillus licheniformis 584 (ATCC 27811) was cloned in Escherichia coli and the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment of 1,948 base pairs containing the entire amylase gene was determined. As inferred from the DNA sequence, the B. licheniformis alpha-amylase had a signal peptide of 29 amino acid residues and the mature enzyme comprised 483 amino acid residues, giving a molecular weight of 55,200. The amino acid sequence of B. licheniformis alpha-amylase showed 65.4% and 80.3% homology with those of heat-stable Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase and relatively heat-unstable Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase, respectively. Nevertheless, several regions of the alpha-amylases appeared to be clearly distinct from one another when their hydropathy profiles were compared.

Studies on Antioxidative Substances in Sesame Seed

Abstract: Our previous study revealed the presence of some potent antioxidative components other than γ-tocopherol and sesamol in sesame seed and oil. In the present study, the effective components were extracted from mashed sesame seed with acetone, followed by removal of triglycerides by freezing. The acetone extract showed strong antioxidative activity with the thiocyanate method and gave 4 active antioxidative substances after a series of chromatographic separations. The molecular formulae were determined to be C20H20O6 (P1), C20H20O7 (P2), C20H18O7 (P3) and C10H10O4 (P4). Compounds P1 and P4 were respectively identified as a bisepoxylignan analogue and trans-ferulic acid. Though preliminary structural data for P2 and P3 indicate them to be a sesamolin analogue and a sesamin analogue, respectively, work is currently underway to confirm this. The antioxidative activities were in the order of P3 >P2>P1 >P4. The same components were also obtained from the 80% ethanol extractable polar fraction of the sesame oil ca...

Continuous hydrolysis of olive oil by lipase in microporous hydrophobic membrane bioreactor

Abstract: Continuous hydrolysis of olive oil byCandida cylindracea’s lipase was studied in a microporous hydrophobic membrane bioreactor. Olive oil and buffer solution, fed continuously through two compartments partitioned by membrane, caused reaction at the interface of lipase-adsorbed membrane and buffer solution. Fatty acid was obtained in a single phase without being mixed with components of other phases. At all mean residence times, countercurrent flow mode was superior to cocurrent one. The lipase was adsorbed onto the membrane, and its adsorption was suggested to be partially specific from the experiments with enzymes having various levels of purity. The percent hydrolysis depended hyperbolically on the interfacial enzyme concentration. The hydrolysis seemed to be limited by diffusion of fat or fatty acid through the micropores of the membrane at higher interfacial enzyme concentrations. The lipase was stabilized significantly by glycerol added to the buffer solution. Satisfactory performance of the membrane bioreactor was obtained in a longterm continuous operation which lasted for 24 days by feeding buffer-glycerol (18.0%) solution over the adsorbed lipase. The operational half-life of the adsorbed enzyme was 15 days at 40 C.

Nucleotide sequence of the 17S-25S spacer region from rice rDNA.

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of a spacer region between rice 17S and 25S rRNA genes (rDNAs) has been determined. The coding regions for the mature 17S, 5.8S and 25S rRNAs were identified by sequencing terminal regions of these rRNAs. The first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), between 17S and 5.8S rDNAs, is 194-195 bp long. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), between 5.8S and 25S rDNAs, is 233 bp long. Both spacers are very rich in G+C, 72.7% for ITS1 and 77.3% for ITS2. The 5.8S rDNA is 163-164 bp long and similar in primary and secondary structures to other eukaryotic 5.8S rDNAs. The 5.8S rDNA is capable of interacting with the 5' terminal region of 25S rDNA.

Regional differences in the electrical activity of the rabbit sinus node.

Abstract: In order to study regional differences in membrane properties within the sinus node, we have investigated the electrical activity of small specimens of tissue (approximately 0.3 mm in diameter) that have been prepared from the central, transitional and peripheral areas of the rabbit sinus node. The action potential upstroke velocity and overshoot as well as the maximum diastolic potential were significantly greater in tissue from the peripheral area. Paradoxically, the rate of spontaneous activity was slowest in tissue from the central area (normally the leading pacemaker site in the intact heart). Recovery of excitability was slowest in tissue from the central area and fastest in tissue from the peripheral area. The depression of electrical activity produced by rapid stimulation (overdrive) was most marked in the central region. Raising the bathing K concentration depresses spontaneous activity and this effect was again most marked in the central region. Tissue from the central area was the least sensitive to acetylcholine in five out of six hearts. Pacemaker shift can occur within the sinus node in response to various interventions, and differences in electrical activity as observed in this study may underlie such changes.

Effects of strain path shapes on non-proportional cyclic plasticity

Abstract: The title problem was discussed to facilitate the formulation of constitutive models of cyclic plasticity under general states of loading. A series of plastic strain controlled cyclic tests was performed by applying combined axial force and torque to thin-walled tubular specimens of Type 316 stainless steel at room temperature. These tests consist of cyclic loading along uniaxial, torsional, cruciform, stellate in eight directions, square and circular plastic strain paths with a constant amplitude of equivalent plastic strain. The results of these tests showed that the strain-hardening depends markedly on the shape of the plastic strain path, and that the strain-hardening (measured by equivalent stress amplitudes) in the saturated state is significant in the order of circular, square, stellate, cruciform and proportional paths. It was also observed that these saturated values were independent of the less significant plastic strain cycles experienced in the past. Finally, the characteristic features of strain-hardening mechanisms under non-proportional loadings were discussed in some detail on the basis of the present results.

Seismic detection of the untransformed ‘basaltic’ oceanic crust subducting into the mantle

Abstract: Summary. Subcrustal earthquakes occur in a slab-like zone beneath SW Japan in association with the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate. They generate a distinct pair of P and S later phases with anomalously low apparent velocities of about 7 and 4 km s−1, which cannot be explained by a laterally homogeneous velocity structure. These later phases are observed for particular source–receiver geometries: the sources at depths shallower than 50–60 km and the receivers beneath which the subcrustal seismic zone comes in contact with the bottom of the continental crust. We examined the nature of these later phases using two methods. One is to determine two types of apparent velocities, an ‘event-common’ apparent velocity and a ‘station-common’ apparent velocity, which may be different from one another for a laterally inhomogeneous velocity structure. The other is to trace seismic rays numerically for a laterally heterogeneous velocity model. An extensive analysis using these two methods leads to a conclusion that the slab-like seismic zone constitutes a low-velocity channel in the uppermost mantle with P and S velocities comparable to those of the lower continental crust beneath SW Japan. The waves trapped within the low-velocity channel escape from it through its contact with the continental Moho and are observed as a distinct pair of later phases. The head waves guided by the bottom boundary of the low-velocity channel are observed as weak arrivals of initial phases. The thickness (<10 km) and the velocities (VP=7 km s−1, VS=4 km s−1) of the subcrustal seismic zone indicates that it is made up of the ‘untransformed basaltic oceanic crust’ subducted with the underlying lithospheric mantle and that the transformation of basalt to eclogite does not take place in the subducting slab at least down to depths of 50–60 km. We present laterally heterogeneous structural models of the crust and the uppermost mantle along two profiles in SW Japan. The models are characterized by an apparent thickening of the lower continental crust in particular regions due to a direct contact of the subducting oceanic crust to the continental Moho. Such features are qualitatively consistent with the results of explosion seismology and with the Bouguer anomaly pattern in the relevant regions. The oceanic lithosphere with the untransformed ‘light’ oceanic crust at its top might still be buoyant after subduction, a factor which must be taken into account in considering the driving mechanisms of plate tectonics, the slab geometry and the earthquake-related tectonic process.