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Institution

Nagoya University

EducationNagoya, Japan
About: Nagoya University is a education organization based out in Nagoya, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 58009 authors who have published 128227 publications receiving 3246340 citations. The organization is also known as: Nagoya Daigaku & Meidai.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.

4,316 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of adipokines in inflammatory responses is focused on and their potential as regulators of metabolic function is discussed.
Abstract: The worldwide epidemic of obesity has brought considerable attention to research aimed at understanding the biology of adipocytes (fat cells) and the events occurring in adipose tissue (fat) and in the bodies of obese individuals. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and that this contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction that is associated with obesity-linked disorders. Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ by releasing multiple bioactive substances, known as adipose-derived secreted factors or adipokines, that have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities. Dysregulated production or secretion of these adipokines owing to adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications. In this Review, we focus on the role of adipokines in inflammatory responses and discuss their potential as regulators of metabolic function.

3,528 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structure and cosmological properties of a number of modified theories, including traditional F (R ) and Hořava-Lifshitz F ( R ) gravity, scalar-tensor theory, string-inspired and Gauss-Bonnet theory, non-local gravity, nonminimally coupled models, and power-counting renormalizable covariant gravity are discussed.

3,513 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Oct 2017-Cell
TL;DR: The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are reviewed, connections to other areas of biology and medicine are highlighted, and tools and guidelines for studying this emerging form of regulated cell death are recommended.

3,356 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NitroBT) with NADH mediated by phenazine methosulfate (PMS) under aerobic conditions was inhibited upon addition ofsuperoxide dismutase, indicating the involvement of superoxide aninon radical in the reduction of NitroBT.

3,331 citations


Authors

Showing all 58313 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Shizuo Akira2611308320561
Julie E. Buring186950132967
Kazuo Shinozaki178668128279
Hyun-Chul Kim1764076183227
Kari Alitalo174817114231
Yang Gao1682047146301
Takashi Taniguchi1522141110658
Jongmin Lee1502257134772
Carlos Escobar148118495346
Martin J. Blaser147820104104
Jack L. Strominger14582689885
E. L. Barberio1431605115709
Y. Choi141163198709
Kazuhiko Hara1411956107697
K. Sliwa1411688104892
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023176
2022537
20215,176
20205,288
20195,048
20184,920